Crime and Ethnic Diversity: Cross-Country Evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefa Awaworyi Churchill ◽  
Emmanuel Laryea
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Ethnic And Linguistic Diversity

Is the level of crime in countries explained by ethnic diversity? This study attempts to answer this question by providing empirical evidence that examines the effects of ethnic and linguistic fractionalization on various measures of crime rates, including prosecution and conviction rates. Drawing on data across 78 countries, our study addresses the endogenous nature of the association between ethnic diversity and crime. Our empirical findings show, rather unexpectedly and counterintuitively, that higher levels of ethnic and linguistic diversity tend to aid in the reduction of crime rates and, consequently, lead to lower prosecution and conviction rates. We advance possible reasons for this unexpected result and outline some policy recommendations.

Trust in the Police: Cross-country Comparisons

2012 ◽  
pp. 24-47
Author(s):  
V. Gimpelson ◽  
G. Monusova
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
The Public ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Police Activity

Using different cross-country data sets and simple econometric techniques we study public attitudes towards the police. More positive attitudes are more likely to emerge in the countries that have better functioning democratic institutions, less prone to corruption but enjoy more transparent and accountable police activity. This has a stronger impact on the public opinion (trust and attitudes) than objective crime rates or density of policemen. Citizens tend to trust more in those (policemen) with whom they share common values and can have some control over. The latter is a function of democracy. In authoritarian countries — “police states” — this tendency may not work directly. When we move from semi-authoritarian countries to openly authoritarian ones the trust in the police measured by surveys can also rise. As a result, the trust appears to be U-shaped along the quality of government axis. This phenomenon can be explained with two simple facts. First, publicly spread information concerning police activity in authoritarian countries is strongly controlled; second, the police itself is better controlled by authoritarian regimes which are afraid of dangerous (for them) erosion of this institution.

scholarly journals "Re-Imagining" the Homeland? Languages and National Belonging in Ukrainian Diasporas since the Euromaidan

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-109
Author(s):  
Ivan Kozachenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Civic Identity ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Democratic Change ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
The Continuum ◽  
Ethnic And Linguistic Diversity

From the first days of the Euromaidan protests, Ukrainian diasporas around the globe took an active part in supporting democratic change in Ukraine. These diasporic communities actively used social media to “represent” their national identity, to promote their visions of Ukraine’s past and future, and to network and coordinate their actions. This paper argues that the events of the Euromaidan made Ukrainian diasporas in Western countries “re-invent” and “re-imagine” their national belonging. In these processes historical memory, language, and regional identifications play a crucial part within the continuum between conservative ethnonationalist identities and “civic” ones that try to accommodate the ethnic and linguistic diversity of Ukraine in the diasporic setting. This study reveals that “civic” identity elements became more visible across Ukrainian diasporas, but that Russian aggression somewhat haltered the acceptance of diversity and reinforced previously existing conservative sentiments.

scholarly journals Firing costs in a business cycle model with endogenous separations

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-518
Author(s):  
Dennis Wesselbaum
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Beveridge Curve ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Firing Costs ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Business Cycle Model

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce productivity-dependent firing costs into an otherwise standard endogenous separations matching model. The authors suggest an alternative to the standard fix cost approach and account for empirical evidence emphasizing that firing costs vary across workers. The authors show that the model with firing costs outperformes the model without firing costs and replicates the empirical facts fairly well. Furthermore, the authors present cross-country evidence that countries with stricter employment protection have a weaker Beveridge curve relation and surprisingly more volatile job flow rates. Design/methodology/approach – The authors begin the analysis at the intersection of labor and product markets. For this purpose, the authors derive a real business cycle model with search and matching frictions and endogenous separations. The authors enrich this set-up by introducing productivity-dependent firing costs. Findings – The authors show that the model with firing costs outperformes the model without firing costs and replicates the empirical facts fairly well. Furthermore, the authors present cross-country evidence that countries with stricter employment protection have a weaker Beveridge curve relation and surprisingly more volatile job flow rates. Originality/value – This paper introduces productivity-dependent firing costs into an otherwise standard endogenous separations matching model. The authors suggest an alternative to the standard fix cost approach and account for empirical evidence emphasizing that firing costs vary across workers. The authors show that the model with firing costs outperformes the model without firing costs and replicates the empirical facts fairly well. Furthermore, the authors present cross-country evidence that countries with stricter employment protection have a weaker Beveridge curve relation and surprisingly more volatile job flow rates.

scholarly journals Why Does Misallocation Persist?

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit V. Banerjee ◽  
Benjamin Moll
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Credit Constraints ◽  
Extensive Margin ◽  
Capital Misallocation ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
General Conditions

Recent papers argue that the misallocation of resources can explain large cross-country TFP differences. This argument is underpinned by empirical evidence documenting substantial dispersion in the marginal products of resources, particularly capital, in developing countries. But why does misallocation persists? That is, why don't distortions disappear on their own? This is particularly true for capital misallocation, a point we illustrate in a simple model of capital accumulation with credit constraints. We distinguish between misallocation on the intensive and the extensive margin, and show that the former should disappear asymptotically under general conditions, while the latter may persist. We conclude by discussing possible theories of persistent misallocation. (JEL D24, E22, G31, G32, L26)

scholarly journals Advancing Professional Development for Teachers in Intercultural Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Regina Cortina ◽  
Amanda K. Earl
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Intercultural Education ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Education Professionals ◽  
Professional Development For Teachers ◽  
Theoretical Reflection ◽  
Ethnic And Linguistic Diversity

In Latin America, intercultural education aims to acknowledge the cultural, ethnic, and linguistic diversity of its citizens, and to advance the efforts to dismantle the oppression of such diversity, particularly that of Indigenous and Afro-descendant peoples. While discussions of intercultural education often reference such peoples as their target beneficiaries, too few studies addressing the professional development of teachers recognize the importance of Indigenous scholarship, pedagogies and methodologies themselves as resources for the advancement of the theory and practice of intercultural education. This article engages in theoretical reflection in order to highlight well-documented Indigenous methodologies for teaching and learning, and their implications for professional development for enriched intercultural education. The authors emphasize the need for greater attention to the work and scholarship of intercultural and Indigenous university graduates to lead the way in the development of intercultural education professionals.

Broadband Diffusion and its Driving Forces

2011 ◽  
pp. 689-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banani Nandi ◽  
Chandana Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Policy Suggestions ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Cross Country

In the light of the emerging consensus on the potential impact of broadband technology on economic growth and development, this chapter analyzes the cross-country differences in growth of broadband technology by examining the key demand and supply factors driving diffusion in the observed countries. In addition, utilizing empirical evidence and country case analyses, the chapter offers tentative policy suggestions for accelerating broadband diffusion under alternative circumstances.

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