The Protective Impact of Immigrant Concentration on Juvenile Recidivism: A Multilevel Examination of Potential Mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 1271-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin T. Wolff ◽  
Jonathan Intravia ◽  
Michael T. Baglivio ◽  
Alex R. Piquero
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Outcomes ◽  
Immigrant Concentration ◽  
Persistent Offending

Both macro- and micro-level research suggests that immigration is unrelated or negatively associated with crime and violence. However, far less research has examined the indirect effects of immigrant concentration on individual-level criminal behavior, and specifically with respect to persistent offending. Moreover, researchers have only begun to explore the mechanisms that link neighborhood context, such as immigrant concentration, to individual outcomes. Thus, identification of the potential mechanisms that may mediate the effect of immigrant concentration on offending remains little understood. Using a unique sample of more than 26,000 youthful offenders from the state of Florida, multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) analyses reveal that family structure, familial incarceration, and social ties partially mediate the effect of immigrant concentration on youth reoffending. Findings and implications from the present study are discussed, along with policy implications and future directions for research in this area.

Levels and sources of regime support in democracies and autocracies

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-157
Author(s):  
Marlene Mauk
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
System Level ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Citizen Support ◽  
Autocratic Regimes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Regime Support ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation

This chapter presents the results of the empirical analysis of levels and sources of citizen support for democratic and autocratic regimes. The analysis proceeds in three steps. First, it compares the levels of regime support in democracies and autocracies. It shows that levels of citizen support, while varying considerably across individual countries, are roughly equal between democratic and autocratic regimes. Second, the analysis investigates the individual-level sources of regime support. It finds evidence that the same set of individual-level sources affect regime support in democracies and autocracies and that they do so in virtually the same way across regimes. Third, it addresses the system-level sources of regime support in democracies and autocracies. Using multilevel structural equation modeling, it observes effects of three of the four system-level sources in both types of regimes; yet, these system-level sources do not affect regime support in the same way in democracies as in autocracies.

scholarly journals The effect of Job Autonomy on Job Satisfaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-590
Author(s):  
NaYoung Kwon ◽  
MinSoo Kim ◽  
InSoo Oh
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Job Autonomy ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Measurement Design

Work engagement has been widely studied in organizational research owing to its impact on organizational behaviors and outcomes. We proposed and tested a mediation model that examine within-individual level job crafting and work engagement relationships between job autonomy and job satisfaction. We collected multilevel data using repeated measurement design and 119 participants and 1190 data points at within-individual level. To analyze hypotheses, we use multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM). The results showed that within-individual level job crafting positively related to work engagement. Also, job crafting and work engagement mediated the relationship between job autonomy and job satisfaction. Implications of these results for theory, practice and directions for future research are discussed.

Citizen Support for Democratic and Autocratic Regimes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Mauk
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
System Level ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Citizen Support ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Regime Support

The book takes a political-culture perspective on the struggle between democracy and autocracy by examining how these regimes fare in the eyes of their citizens. Taking a globally comparative approach, it studies both the levels as well as the individual- and system-level sources of political support in democracies and autocracies worldwide. The book develops an explanatory model of regime support which includes both individual- and system-level determinants and specifies not only the general causal mechanisms and pathways through which these determinants affect regime support but also spells out how these effects might vary between the two types of regimes. It empirically tests its propositions using multi-level structural equation modeling and a comprehensive dataset that combines recent public-opinion data from six cross-national survey projects with aggregate data from various sources for more than one hundred democracies and autocracies. It finds that both the levels and individual-level sources of regime support are the same in democracies and autocracies, but that the way in which system-level context factors affect regime support differs between the two types of regimes. The results enhance our understanding of what determines citizen support for fundamentally different regimes, help assessing the present and future stability of democracies and autocracies, and provide clear policy implications to those interested in strengthening support for democracy and/or fostering democratic change in autocracies.

Ethicality neutralization and amplification: a multilevel study of ethical leadership and unethical pro-organizational behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujie Tang ◽  
Yang Li
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
The Political ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level

PurposeThis study examines how ethical leadership (EL) influences followers' willingness to conduct unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) via reciprocity beliefs at the individual level and political climate at the group level.Design/methodology/approachTwo-point survey data were collected from 423 Chinese followers from 81 groups, and multilevel structural equation modeling was conducted to test the hypotheses.FindingsIndividual-level EL unintentionally increases follower UPB willingness by fostering reciprocity beliefs, while group-level EL intentionally reduces follower UPB willingness by controlling the political climate. The political climate plays both a cross-level moderated mediation role and a mediated moderation role between EL and UPB.Practical implicationsWhen seeking to decrease followers' intention to conduct UPB, managers are advised to use individual-level EL with care when the focus is on reciprocity, and they should consider using group-level EL more when the focus is on controlling political climate.Originality/valueThe study supports two distinct mediating mechanisms by examining individual-level EL (as a moral person) vs group-level EL (as a moral manager) on UPB, thereby revealing the reason for the mixed effects of EL on UPB.

Living While Black, Gay, and Poor: The Association of Race, Neighborhood Structural Disadvantage, and PrEP Utilization Among a Sample of Black Men Who Have Sex With Men in the Deep South

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-410
Author(s):  
Paul A. Burns ◽  
Casey D. Xavier Hall ◽  
Tonia Poteat ◽  
Leandro A. Mena ◽  
Frank Y. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Black Men ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Black Msm ◽  
Deep South ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Structural Disadvantage ◽  
Sex With Men

Utilizing the Andersen Healthcare Utilization Model, we examined the role of neighborhood context on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) utilization among a sample of Black men who have sex with men (MSM) residing in a medium-sized city in the Deep South. Data were derived from a sample of 142 Black MSM aged 18–64 years who were eligible for PrEP from a community-based study known as “ACCELERATE!” We used multilevel structural equation modeling to assess PrEP use. Social support, sexual risk, and health care access were predictive of PrEP use. Notably, residing in a neighborhood with concentrated poverty was associated with decreased PrEP use. Our findings reveal neighborhood structural disadvantage is associated with decreased PrEP use among Black MSM, after adjusting of individual-level sociodemographic characteristics. There is an urgent need to develop HIV prevention interventions and programs that explicitly address structural-level factors to eliminate racial/ethnic differences in HIV.

National cultural value models and reputation of MNCs

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Swoboda ◽  
Nadine Batton
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
The Individual

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical and empirical comparison of four major national cultural value models for perceived corporate reputation (CR) of multinational corporations (MNCs) across nations: Hofstede, Schwartz, the GLOBE study and Inglehart. Design/methodology/approach Two consumer surveys on an MNC and on competitors in 25 countries in the year 2015 (n=20,288 and 25,397) were used for the first time to compare the roles of the cultural value models as antecedents of CR, using multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM), which disentangles the explained variances on the country level and on the individual level. Findings National culture is strongly attributed to individual CR perceptions of MNCs across nations. However, the four conceptual cultural value models explain the variance differently (46.2–84.6 percent) as do particular cultural value dimensions within each model. The results are stable for both surveys. Research limitations/implications Novel insights into the roles of cultural value models are provided for international business research. For MNCs aiming to use their CR to attract target groups in foreign countries, this study identifies the most influential cultural value model and particular dimensions. Originality/value This study contributes to cultural research by deepening the understanding of the various cultural value models and their importance for MNCs. Moreover, the authors add to the CR research by providing new insights into perception differences and using the still novel MSEM.

Emotional intelligence, voice and flow: a team-level study of work teams

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Xie ◽  
Chi-Ning Chang ◽  
Shailen Singh
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Work Teams ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Voice Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level

Purpose This paper aims to investigate how emotional intelligence and voice climate interact with flow in work teams. Design/methodology/approach The authors used multilevel structural equation modeling to analyze the nested data (individuals within teams). A total of 42 work teams (166 full-time employees) from the service industry participated in this research. Findings The results showed that emotional intelligence and voice behavior are positively associated with flow experience at the individual level. It was also demonstrated that emotional intelligence exerts partial influence on flow via individual voice behavior. At the team level, the authors only found a positive relationship between emotional intelligence and flow. Originality/value This research fills the knowledge gap of flow’s antecedents in teams. Members who are emotional intelligent and active in making suggestions to teams are more likely to experience flow in teams. Practitioners should be able to facilitate flow in the workplace through implementing training modules related to emotion appraisal/regulation and effective voice behavior.

Meta-Accuracy and Perceived Reciprocity From the Perception-Meta-Perception Social Relations Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Ben Porter ◽  
Camilla S. Øverup ◽  
Julie A. Brunson ◽  
Paras D. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Social Relations Model ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation

Abstract. Meta-accuracy and perceptions of reciprocity can be measured by covariances between latent variables in two social relations models examining perception and meta-perception. We propose a single unified model called the Perception-Meta-Perception Social Relations Model (PM-SRM). This model simultaneously estimates all possible parameters to provide a more complete understanding of the relationships between perception and meta-perception. We describe the components of the PM-SRM and present two pedagogical examples with code, openly available on https://osf.io/4ag5m . Using a new package in R (xxM), we estimated the model using multilevel structural equation modeling which provides an approachable and flexible framework for evaluating the PM-SRM. Further, we discuss possible expansions to the PM-SRM which can explore novel and exciting hypotheses.

Impulsivity, Affect, and Stress in Daily Life: Examining a Cascade Model of Urgency

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brinkley M. Sharpe ◽  
Leonard Simms ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cascade Model ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
Daily Affect ◽  
Multilevel Structural Equation

Using multilevel structural equation modeling, we examined within- and between-person predictors of daily impulsivity, with a particular focus on testing a cascade model of affect and daily stress in a 100-day daily diary study of 101 psychiatric patients with personality disorder diagnoses. On average (i.e., fixed effect), within-person increases in daily stress were associated with increased daily impulsivity, both independently and as accounted for by positive associations with increased negative and positive affect. Higher Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) Impulsivity scores were associated with amplified within-person links between impulsivity and daily stress and negative affect, but not the links between daily stress and either positive or negative affect. The results of this cascade model are consistent with the hypothesized link between daily affect and stress and daily impulsivity while providing further evidence for the validity of the PID-5 Impulsivity scale and its ability to predict daily impulsivity above and beyond fluctuations in affect and stress.

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