scholarly journals Understanding Knife Crime and Trust in Police with Young People in East London

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872110298
Author(s):  
Artemis Skarlatidou ◽  
Lina Ludwig ◽  
Reka Solymosi ◽  
Ben Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Shared Mental Model ◽  
People’S Daily ◽  
Sampling Survey ◽  
Trust In Police

We explore young people’s experiences and perceptions of knife crime, and we compare these to the understanding of police experts, to explore the perceptions shaping trust in the police and policing. We carry out an experience sampling survey deployed using a mobile application reflecting on safety and knife crime, to understand young people’s daily lived experiences. We then use the mental models approach to interview young people and police experts and construct a shared mental model which identifies mismatches between the two groups and key areas of discord related to breakdown of trust and communication. We identify gaps, misconceptions and expectations for re-establishing trust and propose strategies to tackle knife crime and improve trust between young people and the police.

Watch For Failing Objects: What Inappropriate Compliance Reveals About Shared Mental Models In Autonomous Cars

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 643-647
Author(s):  
Yosef S. Razin ◽  
Jack Gale ◽  
Jiaojiao Fan ◽  
Jaznae’ Smith ◽  
Karen M. Feigh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
True Positive Rate ◽  
Shared Mental Models ◽  
Shared Mental Model ◽  
Autonomous Cars ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Dispositional Factors

This paper evaluates Banks et al.’s Human-AI Shared Mental Model theory by examining how a self-driving vehicle’s hazard assessment facilitates shared mental models. Participants were asked to affirm the vehicle’s assessment of road objects as either hazards or mistakes in real-time as behavioral and subjective measures were collected. The baseline performance of the AI was purposefully low (<50%) to examine how the human’s shared mental model might lead to inappropriate compliance. Results indicated that while the participant true positive rate was high, overall performance was reduced by the large false positive rate, indicating that participants were indeed being influenced by the Al’s faulty assessments, despite full transparency as to the ground-truth. Both performance and compliance were directly affected by frustration, mental, and even physical demands. Dispositional factors such as faith in other people’s cooperativeness and in technology companies were also significant. Thus, our findings strongly supported the theory that shared mental models play a measurable role in performance and compliance, in a complex interplay with trust.

Measuring Shared Mental Models in Unmanned Aircraft Systems

2015 ◽  
pp. 1188-1196
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Reynolds ◽  
Alex J. Mirot ◽  
Prince D. Nudze
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Shared Mental Models ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft Systems ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft System ◽  
Team Coordination ◽  
Shared Mental Model ◽  
Aircraft Systems ◽  
Aircraft System

Unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) are becoming part of the aviation landscape, taking on the dirty, dangerous, or dull operations traditionally completed by military and specialized civil aircraft. These operations often require high levels of team coordination. Team coordination is facilitated when team members share a mental model of group tasks and the individual crewmember's responsibilities in the performance of these tasks. The shared mental model is therefore critical for unmanned aircraft system teams to complete their operational objectives. The ability to forge a shared mental model is complicated by the diverse and often distributed nature of unmanned aircraft system teams. Before strategies can be developed to create accurate shared mental models, researchers must effectively measure shared mental models. This chapter explores the measurement of shared mental models in UASs.

TOWARDS A THEORY FOR MULTIPARTY PROACTIVE COMMUNICATION IN AGENT TEAMS

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 271-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAIVAN KAMALI ◽  
XIAOCONG FAN ◽  
JOHN YEN
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Formal Semantics ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
Shared Mental Models ◽  
Shared Mental Model ◽  
Effective Teams ◽  
Agent Teams ◽  
Team Setting ◽  
Proactive Communication

Helping behavior in effective teams is achieved via some overlapping "shared mental models" that are developed and maintained by members of the team. In this paper, we take the perspective that multiparty "proactive" communication is critical for establishing and maintaining such a shared mental model among teammates, which is the basis for agents to offer proactive help and to achieve coherent teamwork. We first provide formal semantics for multiparty proactive performatives within a team setting. We then examine how such performatives result in updates to mental model of teammates, and how such updates can trigger helpful behaviors from other teammates. We also provide conversation policies for multiparty proactive performatives.

scholarly journals The Five-Factor Perceived Shared Mental Model Scale: A Consolidation of Items Across the Contemporary Literature

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jandre J. van Rensburg ◽  
Catarina M. Santos ◽  
Simon B. de Jong ◽  
Sjir Uitdewilligen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Shared Mental Models ◽  
Shared Mental Model ◽  
Model Scale ◽  
Dimensional Measure ◽  
Diverse Context

Literature on Shared Mental Models (SMMs) has been burgeoning in recent years and this has provided increasingly detailed insight and evidence into the importance of SMMs within specific contexts. However, because past research predominantly focused on SMM structure as measured by diverse, context-dependent measures, a consolidated multi-dimensional measure of perceived SMMs that can be used across diverse team contexts is currently lacking. Furthermore, different conceptualizations of the dimensionality of SMMs exist, which further impedes the comparison between studies. These key limitations might hinder future development in the SMM literature. We argue that the field of SMMs has now matured enough that it is possible to take a deductive approach and evaluate the prior studies in order to refine the key SMMs dimensions, operationalizations, and measurement. Hence, we take a three-stage approach to consolidate existing literature scale-based measures of SMMs, using four samples. Ultimately, this leads to a 20-item five-dimensional scale (i.e., equipment, execution, interaction, composition, and temporal SMMs) – the Five Factor Perceived Shared Mental Model Scale (5-PSMMS). Our scale provides scholars with a tool which enables the measurement, and comparison, of SMMs across diverse team contexts. It offers practitioners the option to more straightforwardly assess perceived SMMs in their teams, allowing the identification of challenges in their teams and facilitating the design of appropriate interventions.

Measuring shared mental models in healthcare

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Logan M Gisick ◽  
Kristen L Webster ◽  
Joseph R Keebler ◽  
Elizabeth H Lazzara ◽  
Sarah Fouquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Shared Mental Models ◽  
Shared Mental Model ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Model Measurement

Objective To review common qualitative and quantitative methods of measuring shared mental models appropriate for use in the healthcare setting. Background Shared mental models are the overlap of individuals’ set of knowledge and/or assumptions that act as the basis for understanding and decision making between individuals. Within healthcare, shared mental models facilitate effective teamwork and theorized to influence clinical decision making and performance. With the current rapid growth and expansion of healthcare teams, it is critical that we understand and correctly use shared mental model measurement methods assess optimal team performance. Unfortunately, agreement on the proper measurement of shared mental models within healthcare remains diffuse. Method This paper presents methods appropriate to measure shared mental models within healthcare. Results Multiple shared mental model measurement methods are discussed with regard to their utility within this setting, ease of use, and difficulties in deploying within the healthcare operational environment. For rigorous analysis of shared mental models, it is recommended that a combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses be employed. Conclusion There are multitude of shared mental model measurement methods that can be used in the healthcare domain; although there is no perfect solution for every situation. Researchers can utilize this article to determine the best approach for their needs.

Lived Experiences of Young People who Live with Mental Healthcare Users in Limpopo, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamakota Maggie Molepo ◽  
Faniswa Honest Mfidi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Young People ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Burden Sharing

Mental illness is more than just the diagnosis to an individual – it also has an impact on the social functioning of the family at large. When a parent or relative has a mental illness, all other family members are affected, even the children. The purpose of the study was to provide insight into the lived experiences of young people who live with mental healthcare users and the way in which their daily coping can be maximised. A qualitative, descriptive, phenomenological research was undertaken to explore and describe the lived experiences of young people who live with mental healthcare users in the Limpopo province, South Africa. Audiotaped, unstructured in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 young people who grew up and lived with a family member who is a mental healthcare user in their homes, until data saturation was reached. A content analysis was used to derive themes from the collected qualitative data. Four major themes emerged as features reflective of the young people’s daily living with mental healthcare user, namely psychological effects, added responsibilities, effects on school performances, and support systems. This study recommends that support networks for young people be established through multidisciplinary team involvement and collaboration and the provision of burden-sharing or a relief system during times of need. With the availability of healthy coping mechanisms and support systems, the daily living situations and coping of young people could be maximised, thereby improving their quality of life while living with their family members with mental illness.

scholarly journals 1129. Optimizing Feedback Strategies on the Infectious Diseases Inpatient Service

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S593-S594
Author(s):  
Eva Clark ◽  
Prathit Kulkarni ◽  
Mayar Al Mohajer ◽  
Stacey Rose ◽  
Jose Serpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Education ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Inpatient Service ◽  
Shared Mental Model ◽  
Effective Feedback ◽  
Medical Trainees ◽  
Feedback Strategies ◽  
Giving Feedback

Abstract Background Timely, efficient, and effective feedback strategies are crucial for enhancing faculty-trainee communication and trainee education. Here we describe attitudes, practices, and perceived behaviors regarding giving feedback to medical trainees rotating on Infectious Diseases (ID) inpatient consult services. Methods An anonymous survey on feedback strategies was distributed to our adult ID Section in February 2020 as part of a facilitated discussion on optimizing trainee clinical education. Results Twenty-six ID Section members completed the survey (18 faculty, 8 trainees). Most trainees (62.5%) and faculty (66.7%) felt that trainees are “sometimes” comfortable voicing concerns to faculty; however, no trainees but 11.1% of faculty indicated that trainees are “always” comfortable voicing concerns to faculty. Most trainees (87.5%) felt that conversations about team expectations occur “sometimes” or “often.” In contrast, most faculty (72.2%) felt that these conversations “always” occur. Although most faculty felt that both informal (94.4%) and formal (83.3%) feedback should be given to trainees, 22.2% of faculty responded that they do not explicitly use the term “feedback” when discussing feedback with a trainee. No trainees and 22.2% of faculty indicated that they utilize a feedback tool. Regarding quantity of feedback trainees perceive they receive from faculty, 37.5% of trainees felt they needed more feedback while 50% felt they received adequate feedback. Most faculty (88.9%) responded that they encourage trainees to give feedback to faculty, although most trainees (62.5%) responded “sometimes” regarding how comfortable they feel doing so. Conclusion In summary, we found differences between faculty and trainees regarding two important aspects of medical education: setting expectations and providing feedback. While most faculty feel that conversations regarding these topics occur invariably, trainees do not always share this perception. Trainees felt less comfortable voicing concerns and giving feedback to faculty than faculty perceived them to be. Overall, the data suggest that there is room for improvement to ensure that trainees and faculty are operating from a shared mental model regarding setting team expectations and providing/receiving feedback. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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