Measuring shared mental models in healthcare

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Logan M Gisick ◽  
Kristen L Webster ◽  
Joseph R Keebler ◽  
Elizabeth H Lazzara ◽  
Sarah Fouquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Shared Mental Models ◽  
Shared Mental Model ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Model Measurement

Objective To review common qualitative and quantitative methods of measuring shared mental models appropriate for use in the healthcare setting. Background Shared mental models are the overlap of individuals’ set of knowledge and/or assumptions that act as the basis for understanding and decision making between individuals. Within healthcare, shared mental models facilitate effective teamwork and theorized to influence clinical decision making and performance. With the current rapid growth and expansion of healthcare teams, it is critical that we understand and correctly use shared mental model measurement methods assess optimal team performance. Unfortunately, agreement on the proper measurement of shared mental models within healthcare remains diffuse. Method This paper presents methods appropriate to measure shared mental models within healthcare. Results Multiple shared mental model measurement methods are discussed with regard to their utility within this setting, ease of use, and difficulties in deploying within the healthcare operational environment. For rigorous analysis of shared mental models, it is recommended that a combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses be employed. Conclusion There are multitude of shared mental model measurement methods that can be used in the healthcare domain; although there is no perfect solution for every situation. Researchers can utilize this article to determine the best approach for their needs.

Watch For Failing Objects: What Inappropriate Compliance Reveals About Shared Mental Models In Autonomous Cars

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 643-647
Author(s):  
Yosef S. Razin ◽  
Jack Gale ◽  
Jiaojiao Fan ◽  
Jaznae’ Smith ◽  
Karen M. Feigh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
True Positive Rate ◽  
Shared Mental Models ◽  
Shared Mental Model ◽  
Autonomous Cars ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Dispositional Factors

This paper evaluates Banks et al.’s Human-AI Shared Mental Model theory by examining how a self-driving vehicle’s hazard assessment facilitates shared mental models. Participants were asked to affirm the vehicle’s assessment of road objects as either hazards or mistakes in real-time as behavioral and subjective measures were collected. The baseline performance of the AI was purposefully low (<50%) to examine how the human’s shared mental model might lead to inappropriate compliance. Results indicated that while the participant true positive rate was high, overall performance was reduced by the large false positive rate, indicating that participants were indeed being influenced by the Al’s faulty assessments, despite full transparency as to the ground-truth. Both performance and compliance were directly affected by frustration, mental, and even physical demands. Dispositional factors such as faith in other people’s cooperativeness and in technology companies were also significant. Thus, our findings strongly supported the theory that shared mental models play a measurable role in performance and compliance, in a complex interplay with trust.

Measuring Shared Mental Models in Unmanned Aircraft Systems

2015 ◽  
pp. 1188-1196
Author(s):  
Rosemarie Reynolds ◽  
Alex J. Mirot ◽  
Prince D. Nudze
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Shared Mental Models ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft Systems ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft System ◽  
Team Coordination ◽  
Shared Mental Model ◽  
Aircraft Systems ◽  
Aircraft System

Unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) are becoming part of the aviation landscape, taking on the dirty, dangerous, or dull operations traditionally completed by military and specialized civil aircraft. These operations often require high levels of team coordination. Team coordination is facilitated when team members share a mental model of group tasks and the individual crewmember's responsibilities in the performance of these tasks. The shared mental model is therefore critical for unmanned aircraft system teams to complete their operational objectives. The ability to forge a shared mental model is complicated by the diverse and often distributed nature of unmanned aircraft system teams. Before strategies can be developed to create accurate shared mental models, researchers must effectively measure shared mental models. This chapter explores the measurement of shared mental models in UASs.

scholarly journals Exploring the Mental Model of Cattle Farmers in Disease Prevention and Control Practices

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Yong Suit-B ◽  
Latiffah Hassan ◽  
Steven Eric Krauss ◽  
Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon ◽  
Peck Toung Ooi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
And Control

Farmers play an integral role in minimizing disease threats and managing ongoing diseases on their farms. Various environmental factors influence the decision-making processes of farmers. Deciphering the mental models of farmers allows us to understand the motivations and reasons behind disease prevention and control choices. This study aimed to explore the mental models of cattle farmers in implementing disease prevention and control practices. Using qualitative in-depth, semi-structured interviews, seven cattle farmers from a university’s foster farm extension program were sampled. Interview transcripts were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results revealed 23 dimensions comprising the mental model of cattle farmers. The dimensions were conceptualized under four major themes. Farmers were most influenced by perceived risk of disease, perceived effectiveness and benefits of disease prevention and control practices, experience, knowledge and emotions, subjective norms and perceived economic loss. The decision-making processes of farmers are complex and are influenced by various factors. While additional research is needed to confirm the findings using quantitative methods and larger sample sizes, insights gained from the study can be used as inputs to tailor communication and training strategies for improved disease prevention and control interventions.

TOWARDS A THEORY FOR MULTIPARTY PROACTIVE COMMUNICATION IN AGENT TEAMS

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 271-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAIVAN KAMALI ◽  
XIAOCONG FAN ◽  
JOHN YEN
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Formal Semantics ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
Shared Mental Models ◽  
Shared Mental Model ◽  
Effective Teams ◽  
Agent Teams ◽  
Team Setting ◽  
Proactive Communication

Helping behavior in effective teams is achieved via some overlapping "shared mental models" that are developed and maintained by members of the team. In this paper, we take the perspective that multiparty "proactive" communication is critical for establishing and maintaining such a shared mental model among teammates, which is the basis for agents to offer proactive help and to achieve coherent teamwork. We first provide formal semantics for multiparty proactive performatives within a team setting. We then examine how such performatives result in updates to mental model of teammates, and how such updates can trigger helpful behaviors from other teammates. We also provide conversation policies for multiparty proactive performatives.

scholarly journals The Five-Factor Perceived Shared Mental Model Scale: A Consolidation of Items Across the Contemporary Literature

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jandre J. van Rensburg ◽  
Catarina M. Santos ◽  
Simon B. de Jong ◽  
Sjir Uitdewilligen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Shared Mental Models ◽  
Shared Mental Model ◽  
Model Scale ◽  
Dimensional Measure ◽  
Diverse Context

Literature on Shared Mental Models (SMMs) has been burgeoning in recent years and this has provided increasingly detailed insight and evidence into the importance of SMMs within specific contexts. However, because past research predominantly focused on SMM structure as measured by diverse, context-dependent measures, a consolidated multi-dimensional measure of perceived SMMs that can be used across diverse team contexts is currently lacking. Furthermore, different conceptualizations of the dimensionality of SMMs exist, which further impedes the comparison between studies. These key limitations might hinder future development in the SMM literature. We argue that the field of SMMs has now matured enough that it is possible to take a deductive approach and evaluate the prior studies in order to refine the key SMMs dimensions, operationalizations, and measurement. Hence, we take a three-stage approach to consolidate existing literature scale-based measures of SMMs, using four samples. Ultimately, this leads to a 20-item five-dimensional scale (i.e., equipment, execution, interaction, composition, and temporal SMMs) – the Five Factor Perceived Shared Mental Model Scale (5-PSMMS). Our scale provides scholars with a tool which enables the measurement, and comparison, of SMMs across diverse team contexts. It offers practitioners the option to more straightforwardly assess perceived SMMs in their teams, allowing the identification of challenges in their teams and facilitating the design of appropriate interventions.

scholarly journals Use of a Shared Mental Model by a Team Composed of Oncology, Palliative Care, and Supportive Care Clinicians to Facilitate Shared Decision Making in a Patient With Advanced Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1039-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah F. D’Ambruoso ◽  
Anne Coscarelli ◽  
Sara Hurvitz ◽  
Neil Wenger ◽  
David Coniglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Nurse Practitioner ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Shared Mental Model ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Integrated Team

Our case describes the efforts of team members drawn from oncology, palliative care, supportive care, and primary care to assist a woman with advanced cancer in accepting care for her psychosocial distress, integrating prognostic information so that she could share in decisions about treatment planning, involving family in her care, and ultimately transitioning to hospice. Team members in our setting included a medical oncologist, oncology nurse practitioner, palliative care nurse practitioner, oncology social worker, and primary care physician. The core members were the patient and her sister. Our team grew organically as a result of patient need and, in doing so, operationalized an explicitly shared understanding of care priorities. We refer to this shared understanding as a shared mental model for care delivery, which enabled our team to jointly set priorities for care through a series of warm handoffs enabled by the team’s close proximity within the same clinic. When care providers outside our integrated team became involved in the case, significant communication gaps exposed the difficulty in extending our shared mental model outside the integrated team framework, leading to inefficiencies in care. Integration of this shared understanding for care and close proximity of team members proved to be key components in facilitating treatment of our patient’s burdensome cancer-related distress so that she could more effectively participate in treatment decision making that reflected her goals of care.

Defining the Phenomenon of Mental Models for Critical Events

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanter van Deurzen ◽  
Imre Horváth ◽  
Regine Vroom
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Critical Events ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Definition Of

People use cognitive representations in order to characterize, understand, reason and predict the surrounding world. A class of these representations are called mental models. Designers of informing systems are interested in how mental models influence decision making, especially during critical events. With this knowledge they could optimize the content and amount of information that is needed for a dependable decision making process. New insights are needed about the operation of mental models in the course of critical events, as well as on how informing influences the real life operationalization of mental models. Most of the definitions available in the literature are overly general, and no definition was found that would support the design of informing systems for critical events. Therefore, the objective of our research was to derive a definition of mental models that play a role in critical events. Actually, we systematically constructed a definition from those attributes of mental model descriptions that were found to be relevant to critical events. First we decomposed 125 published descriptions to a set of attributes, and then assessed each attribute to see if they were associated with critical events, or not. In fact, this analysis involved not only the relevance of the attributes to critical events, but also the frequency of occurrence in the surveyed papers. This exploration provided a large number of attributes for a new mental model definition. Based on the top rated attributes, a definition was synthesized which, theoretically, has a strong relation to critical events. Though further validation will be needed, we argue that the derived mental model definition is strong because it establishes relationships with all generic features of critical events and makes the related information contents explicit. Hence the proposed definition can be considered a starting platform for investigations of the influence of informing on decision making processes in critical events.

Case Study: The Wrong Mental Model can Kill You

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 554-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Nemire
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
External World ◽  
Roller Coaster ◽  
Internal Representations ◽  
Study Participants

Mental models are internal representations of the external world that are thought to influence perception and decision-making. An inappropriate mental model of a “roller coaster” was hypothesized to have caused the injury of one person and the death of another in a roller coaster incident. A study was conducted to learn about existing internal representations of roller coasters. Participants were asked to draw a roller coaster. Despite the existence of several types of roller coasters, 98% of the study participants drew a roller coaster representing the oldest and most prevalent type of coaster. The results of the study are discussed with respect to this injury incident and the importance of educating product users about more appropriate mental models that may help prevent injury or death.

Mental Models of Metal Models: A Comparison of Mental Model Measurement Techniques

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (16) ◽  
pp. 1195-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna L. Rowe ◽  
Nancy J. Cooke ◽  
Kelly J. Neville ◽  
Chris W. Schacherer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Mental Model ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Knowledge Elicitation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Similarity Ratings ◽  
Method Of Measurement ◽  
Level Of Experience ◽  
Model Measurement

Although use of the mental model construct has proliferated in recent research, the construct lacks a clear definition and an agreed upon method of measurement. Furthermore, the reliability and validity of the different measurement techniques in use have not been established, thereby making generalizations across studies of mental models difficult. The purpose of the current project was to assess several methods of measuring mental models in terms of their reliability/stability over time. Subjects” mental models of the automobile engine system were elicited on two occasions separated by one week, using seven different knowledge elicitation techniques. Subjects” level of experience was also measured to allow comparisons between experts and novices. The results indicate that each of the measurement techniques tended to be reliable for both experts and novices. However, reliability tended to be greater for experts than novices. Additionally, experts tended to agree with each other more than did the novices. Some evidence also indicated that the results from the similarity ratings and subsequent Pathfinder analysis converged with those from the structured interviews.

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