scholarly journals Role Problems of Offenders and Correctional Workers

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
Edwin J. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Role Conflict ◽  
Role Ambiguity ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Social ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Control

This paper analyzes selected problems of offenders and work ers in correction as special cases of more general problems of role. The research findings, theory, and related concepts of social role are drawn upon for a better understanding of these specific problems and ways to alter them, and the emerging specialization of role theory is discussed. The role problems of offenders are considered in terms of nonlegitimate socialization, characteristics of the deviant position, role discontinuity, and role conflict. The problems of correctional workers are set forth in terms of role discontinuities, role conflict and dissensus, role ambiguity, and pressure and strain. The identification of these various role prob lems carries implications for their solutions. As one perspective and body of knowledge required to understand and control be havior in real-life situations, role theory provides an emphasis upon the web of external social determinants and thereby helps to counterbalance a pervasive tendency to view personal difficul tiles as individual psychological maladies independent of the social environment.

Legal and Ethical Aspects of Teaching in Selected Social Virtual Worlds

2013 ◽  
pp. 1395-1416
Author(s):  
R. S. Talab ◽  
Hope R. Botterbusch
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Virtual Currency ◽  
Virtual Property ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Control

Topics discussed in this chapter include Generations Y and Z and their acceptance of virtual reality, the increase in the number of virtual worlds, gaming virtual worlds, and the social virtual worlds for educators selected for inclusion in this discussion. Open source virtual world platform portability issues are discussed in connection with the acquisition, development, and control of virtual property. The line between “play spaces” and real life is discussed in terms of the application of the “magic circle” test to teaching in virtual worlds with a real-money based virtual currency system, as well as how faculty can reduce student legal and ethical problems. Virtual world law is examined in light of the terms of service (TOS) and end-user license agreements (EULAs), the concept of virtual property, community standards/behavioral guidelines, safety/privacy statements, intellectual property and copyright. Ethical aspects of teaching in virtual worlds include a definition and analysis of griefing/abuse, harassment, false identity, and ways that each world handles these problems. Whyville, SmallWorlds, and Second Life are examined in terms of legal and ethical aspects Research findings and legal and ethical teaching guidelines are presented for those teaching courses using virtual worlds, with special considerations for teaching in Second Life. These topics are for informational purposes, only. Instructors should seek competent legal counsel.

Legal and Ethical Aspects of Teaching in Selected Social Virtual Worlds

2010 ◽  
pp. 170-193
Author(s):  
R. S. Talab ◽  
Hope R. Botterbusch
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Virtual Currency ◽  
Virtual Property ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Control

Topics discussed in this chapter include Generations Y and Z and their acceptance of virtual reality, the increase in the number of virtual worlds, gaming virtual worlds, and the social virtual worlds for educators selected for inclusion in this discussion. Open source virtual world platform portability issues are discussed in connection with the acquisition, development, and control of virtual property. The line between “play spaces” and real life is discussed in terms of the application of the “magic circle” test to teaching in virtual worlds with a real-money based virtual currency system, as well as how faculty can reduce student legal and ethical problems. Virtual world law is examined in light of the terms of service (TOS) and end-user license agreements (EULAs), the concept of virtual property, community standards/behavioral guidelines, safety/privacy statements, intellectual property and copyright. Ethical aspects of teaching in virtual worlds include a definition and analysis of griefing/abuse, harassment, false identity, and ways that each world handles these problems. Whyville, SmallWorlds, and Second Life are examined in terms of legal and ethical aspects Research findings and legal and ethical teaching guidelines are presented for those teaching courses using virtual worlds, with special considerations for teaching in Second Life. These topics are for informational purposes, only. Instructors should seek competent legal counsel.

scholarly journals Peran Pengusaha Perempuan UMKM dan Pola Pengeluaran Rumah Tangga pada Situasi Bencana Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedicta Evie ◽  
Susy Yunia R. Sanie
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Expenditure Patterns ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Electricity Costs ◽  
The Cost

Women as assets of Indonesia's human resources have a crucial role in disaster management. This research is descriptive using a qualitative approach that photograph the adjustment of women's activities based on their role in the current Covid disaster. The research findings shows the  informant’s perception that Covid-19 is a disaster, and they are worried, so they try to prevent themselves and their family members from being infected by implementing health protocols. They also provide nutritious food and vitamins as well as a variety of food/drink ingredients that are believed to ward off Covid. Increasing domestic role activities are child care and education. Meanwhile, the public role of economy has undergone adjustments, such as working from home, losing customers or jobs. To be able to survive, adjustments to household expenditure patterns were carried out, namely: increasing the cost of kitchen expenditures, and increase in electricity costs and telephone pulses as the implication of all family members are WFH/SFH online. Reduced expenses: spending on clothes / shoes / bags, cosmetics, and recreation. The social role of the public in this Covid situation is to participate in distributing food to the poor.

Age, Gender, And Occupational Label: A Test of Social Role Theory

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Kite
Keyword(s):  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Social Role Theory ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Social ◽  
Agency And Communion ◽  
Independent Variable

Two studies tested the social role theory (Eagly, 1987) prediction that role information would override the age-related agency stereotype. Although results of Study 1 showed that employed people were viewed similarly in agency regardless of target age, interpretation was limited because employed targets were most often imagined to be male and young homemaker targets were most often imagined to be female. To control for this, target gender was added as an independent variable in Study 2. As expected, agency and communion ratings of employed targets and targets who cared for a home did not differ by target age, but agency ratings of average targets were higher for 35-year-old than for 70-year-old targets. Communion ratings for average targets did not differ by target age. Target gender effects on the agency measure replicated Eagly and Steffen's (1984, 1988) results. The importance of context to understanding stereotypes of the elderly is illustrated.

scholarly journals Tax legal education of citizens as a factor in ensuring tax security of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-146
Author(s):  
Pavlo Kolomiiets
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tax Education ◽  
The Individual

The statement of the problem of this research is conditioned by the results of the monitoring conducted by the author of the article on the quality of provision of educational services in the field of tax education and tax education to Ukrainian citizens, “the state of which does not satisfy the requirements that it faces in terms of building Ukrainian statehood, cultural and spiritual revival of the Ukrainian people. This is manifested primarily in the inadequacy of education to the needs of the individual, the social needs and worldly achievements of mankind; in the devaluation of the social prestige of education and intellectual activity; in distorting the goals and functions of education; bureaucratization of all links in the educational system. The dynamism inherent in modern civilization, the growth of the social role of the individual, the humanization and democratization of society, the intellectualization of labor, the rapid change of technology and technology all over the world, all require the creation of such conditions under which the people of Ukraine would become a constantly learning nation.”. The fundamental relevance of the investigated issues is, first of all, directly related to the official recognition that the directions of education development conducted during the 29 years of our country were not sufficiently systematic and complex in nature and therefore did not contribute to the formation of a comprehensive state policy in the field of education. Therefore, the relevance of the problem of improving the quality of tax, tax education and education of Ukrainian citizens is extremely important. The study is conditioned by the results of the monitoring conducted by the author of this article on the quality of provision of educational services in the field of tax education and tax education to Ukrainian citizens. Creating an actionable, real-life, small, compact and effective Tax Code of Ukraine will become a major source of tax knowledge and tax culture.

Improved Mortality among U.S. Blacks, 1968–1978: The Role of Antiracist Struggle

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Cooper ◽  
Michael Steinhauer ◽  
Arthur Schatzkin ◽  
William Miller
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Reagan Administration ◽  
Social Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hypertension Detection ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Social ◽  
Access To Medical Care ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
And Control

A marked improvement in health status for black adults took place over the last decade in the United States. Life expectancy for black men increased 4.6 years between 1968 and 1978, while for black women the increase was 5.7 years. Death rates for the age group 35–74 decreased approximately 25 percent for blacks over the same period. The largest contribution to this improvement was made by cardiovascular diseases (coronary heart disease and stroke). Although similar improvement was observed in the white population, on both a percentage and absolute basis the change was greater for blacks. For the first time in the U.S., important progress was made in the effort to narrow the gap in mortality rates between black and white adults. Hypertension detection and control appears to have played the key role in this positive public health trend. The community-based demand for greater access to medical care, which emerged from the social struggle of the 1960s, also can be accorded a major social role. The current policies of the Reagan Administration pose a serious threat to these antiracist programs, as well as to the effort to close the gap in black-white mortality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document