A Comparative Analysis of Organizational Structure and Inmate Subcultures in Institutions for Juvenile Offenders

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry C. Feld
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Treatment Models ◽  
Organizational Differences ◽  
Inmate Culture

This study provides a partial test of the importation and deprivation models of prisonization by examining inmate subcultures in ten different cottage units in four institutions for juvenile offenders. A typology of juvenile institutions based on both the correctional goals pursued and the methods of intervention and social control distinguishes four different treatment models used in institutions for juveniles. Matching and controlling for the effects of differences in inmates' background characteristics within and between settings, the study describes the relationships between the formal organizational structure and respective inmate culture. The study demonstrates a clear and consistent rela tionship between the formal and informal organizations: The more custodial and punitive settings had inmate cultures that were more violent, more hostile, and more oppositional than those in the treatment-oriented settings. The crucial organizational differences were in the extent to which staff members contained and controlled subterranean inmate violence by encouraging the communication of information about the activities within the inmate sub culture.

scholarly journals The Child-care Food and Activity Practices Questionnaire (CFAPQ): development and first validation steps

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1964-1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica S Gubbels ◽  
Ester FC Sleddens ◽  
Lieke CH Raaijmakers ◽  
Judith M Gies ◽  
Stef PJ Kremers
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Care Staff ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Child Care Setting ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Scale Psychometrics ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate a questionnaire to measure food-related and activity-related practices of child-care staff, based on existing, validated parenting practices questionnaires.DesignA selection of items from the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) and the Preschooler Physical Activity Parenting Practices (PPAPP) questionnaire was made to include items most suitable for the child-care setting. The converted questionnaire was pre-tested among child-care staff during cognitive interviews and pilot-tested among a larger sample of child-care staff. Factor analyses with Varimax rotation and internal consistencies were used to examine the scales. Spearman correlations, t tests and ANOVA were used to examine associations between the scales and staff’s background characteristics (e.g. years of experience, gender).SettingChild-care centres in the Netherlands.SubjectsThe qualitative pre-test included ten child-care staff members. The quantitative pilot test included 178 child-care staff members.ResultsThe new questionnaire, the Child-care Food and Activity Practices Questionnaire (CFAPQ), consists of sixty-three items (forty food-related and twenty-three activity-related items), divided over twelve scales (seven food-related and five activity-related scales). The CFAPQ scales are to a large extent similar to the original CFPQ and PPAPP scales. The CFAPQ scales show sufficient internal consistency with Cronbach’s α ranging between 0·53 and 0·96, and average corrected item–total correlations within acceptable ranges (0·30–0·89). Several of the scales were significantly associated with child-care staff’s background characteristics.ConclusionsScale psychometrics of the CFAPQ indicate it is a valid questionnaire that assesses child-care staff’s practices related to both food and activities.

scholarly journals Bringing party organization back in: a comparative analysis of party representation in Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-706
Author(s):  
Nathalie Giger ◽  
Gijs Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Organizational Characteristics ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Party Organization

AbstractIn this study we focus on party organizational characteristics as key determinants of party congruence. We examine how the horizontal and vertical integration of parties is linked to representation in comparative perspective. We further focus on how congruence is achieved by detailing our expectation regarding effects on the uncertainty versus bias in the estimates of party constituents' opinion. Exploiting a comparative database on political parties and data from Comparative Studies of Electoral Systems, we show that having a complex organizational structure and being leadership dominated makes parties less representative of their constituencies. These findings carry important implications for the study of political representation but also for the literature on political parties in crisis.

scholarly journals The Marketing Firm and the Consumer Organization: A Comparative Analysis With Special Reference to Charitable Organizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Robert Foxall ◽  
Valdimar Sigurdsson ◽  
Joseph K. Gallogly
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Charitable Organizations ◽  
Charitable Organization ◽  
Consumer Behavior Analysis ◽  
Strategic Process ◽  
Modern Corporation ◽  
Organizational Differences ◽  
Marketing Firms

The accurate delineation of various forms of business organization requires a comparative analysis of their objectives, functions, and organizational structures. In particular, this paper highlights differences in managerial work between business firms and non-profits exemplified by the charitable organization. It adopts as its template the theory of the marketing firm, a depiction of the modern corporation as it responds to the imperatives of customer-oriented management, namely consumer discretion and consumer sophistication. It describes in §2 the essentials of the theory and its basis in consumer behavior analysis, and outlines its unique position as the organization responsible for marketing transactions, based on objective exchange, competitive markets and prices, and the deployment of the entire marketing mix. §3 deals in greater depth with the objective, strategic functions, and organization of the marketing firm in terms of the concepts of metacontingency and bilateral contingency. §4 discusses how the marketing firm differs from charities in terms of goal separation, market-based pricing and competition, the entrepreneurial (strategic) process, the pursuit of customer-oriented management, and organizational structure. Particular attention is accorded the organizational differences between marketing firms and charities, which arise as a direct consequence of the distinct patterns of contingency they entail. §5 discusses the implications of the foregoing analysis and draws appropriate conclusions.

Five Years as a “Hired Gun”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Community Psychologist ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Consulting Firms ◽  
New Business ◽  
Essential Skills

This chapter describes the for-profit evaluation consulting setting, including organizational structure, position responsibilities, and funding and project types. Generation of new business is the lifeblood of for-profit consulting firms, and the chapter overviews the business development process, including individual staff members’ responsibilities. Essential skills for working in this setting also are discussed. This chapter concludes with some of the benefits and challenges for a community psychologist working in this setting. Finally, the appendix contains a list of questions to ask when pursuing employment in a for-profit evaluation consulting setting.

ACCESSIBILITY TO INNOVATIVE LOW-RISE HOUSING AS SOCIOECONOMIC PRIORITIES OF SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-217
Author(s):  
Минрасык Брче ◽  
Minrasyk Brche ◽  
А Алия ◽  
A Aliya
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Individual Housing ◽  
Regional Sustainable Development ◽  
Implementation Of Standards

A comparative analysis of the development and availability of low-rise housing construction (individual housing) in differentcountries given. The necessity to develop and implement programs to stimulate the implementation of standards on the concept of innovation in NACHHALTIGKEIT of individual housing justified. Organizational structure for creating and realisation regional sustainable development program of individual housing proposed.

scholarly journals Economatic: A New Tool that Integrates Financial Analysis with Forest Management Simulations

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
Kevin W. Zobrist ◽  
Jeffrey M. Comnick ◽  
James B. McCarter
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Management System ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Financial Outcomes ◽  
Computer Tools ◽  
Treatment Models ◽  
Harvest Volume ◽  
Landscape Level ◽  
Forest Managers

Abstract Financial analysis is important for forest managers. Several good computer tools are available for quickly computing common measures of forestry financial performance. A new tool called Economatic is now available that offers unique analysis capabilities through its integration with growth and treatment models through the Landscape Management System. Harvest volume information is imported directly from the growth model, rather than requiring estimates from outside sources. This simplifies and automates the setup needed to run the analysis, and it ensures consistent assumptions for comparative analysis between alternatives. Costs and other parameters can be completely customized. Stand and landscape level financial outcomes are given in a series of tables and charts, which can be compared with other Landscape Management System outputs for comprehensive analyses. West. J. Appl. For. 21(3):134–141.

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