When Law and Order Works: Boston's Innovative Approach to the Problem of Racial Violence

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-223 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Police Department ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Violence ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Racial Incidents

Racial and ethnic violence continues to be a major problem in the United States. Boston, which experienced hightened racial turmoil since its desegregation process, presents an excellent case study of a police department that faced the problem in a straightforward manner. Traditional methods of classifying and investigating racial incidents were viewed as ineffective. The Boston Police Department developed an innovative approach to the handling of racially motivated crime, which involved implementing a departmentwide policy and creating a specialized police unit. This unit was highly successful in uncovering incidents that under traditional reporting methods appeared commonplace. Upon further examination, these incidents, taken together, indicated persistent and compelling patterns of racial animus. The uncovering of these incidents, the subsequent relabeling of them into “community disorders,” and the development of innovative strategies are described. Policy implications and recommendations are presented. Critics may question the allocation of police resources to a problem that on the surface may appear minor. However, racial violence viewed in the aggregate form has dramatic impact on the quality of life for the victim. A police department that recognizes the significance of this problem is making an important statement about the kind of society we are and what we as a nation stand for.

Rethinking the Relationship Between Public Regulation and Private Litigation: Evidence from Securities Class Action in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-361
Author(s):  
Robin Hui Huang
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Securities Law ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Public And Private Enforcement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

Abstract China has a civil procedure for collective litigation, which is dubbed Chinese-style class action, as it differs from the U.S.-style class action in some important ways. Using securities class action as a case study, this Article empirically examines both the quantity and quality of reported cases in China. It shows that the number of cases is much lower than expected, but the percentage of recovery is significantly higher than that in the United States. Based on this, the Article casts doubt on the popular belief that China should adopt the U.S.-style class action, and sheds light on the much-debated issue concerning the relationship between public and private enforcement of securities law. The Article also discusses the future prospects of securities class action in China in light of some recent developments which may provide its functional equivalents, including the regulator-brokered compensation fund and public interest group litigation.

scholarly journals Contextualisation: A case study of a team within an international missional order

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasebwe T.L. Kabongo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Local Community ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Bias ◽  
Good News ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Incarnational Ministry ◽  
Biblical Values

Contextualisation is a process of seeking meaning and relevancy in a constantly changing world. It is a theological imperative if biblical values were to be relevant to everyone in the world. This research is a case study of InnerCHANGE South Africa (ICSA) efforts to be contextual. InnerCHANGE South Africa is part of an international missional order called InnerCHANGE, which was started in 1984 in the United States of America. International organisations face the danger of coming up with uniform principles and practices. Such uniformity is never innocent of cultural bias. It rendered their principles and practices relevant in some contexts and irrelevant in others. InnerCHANGE is an incarnational ministry that focuses on identification in communities of poverty. It described incarnational ministry as a model of Christ, a method, a message and a spiritual discipline. This study investigated how ICSA has been able to contextualise these four elements of incarnational ministry. It concluded that these contextualisation efforts are still work in progress. It pointed out the encouraging signs of seeing many local community members aligning themselves behind ICSA vision of seeing the gospel as the good news made visible. It finally pointed out the challenges of contextualisation it is still facing.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article is based on the field of missiology. It engaged development studies, specifically grassroots community development, to point out one of the roles of the church in society, which is to participate in improving the quality of life of the vulnerable.

scholarly journals Highly public anti-Black violence is associated with poor mental health days for Black Americans

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (17) ◽  
pp. e2019624118
Author(s):  
David S. Curtis ◽  
Tessa Washburn ◽  
Hedwig Lee ◽  
Ken R. Smith ◽  
Jaewhan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
National Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Racial Violence ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
Search Volume ◽  
Racial Incidents

Highly public anti-Black violence in the United States may cause widely experienced distress for Black Americans. This study identifies 49 publicized incidents of racial violence and quantifies national interest based on Google searches; incidents include police killings of Black individuals, decisions not to indict or convict the officer involved, and hate crime murders. Weekly time series of population mental health are produced for 2012 through 2017 using two sources: 1) Google Trends as national search volume for psychological distress terms and 2) the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) as average poor mental health days in the past 30 d among Black respondents (mean weekly sample size of 696). Autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models accounted for autocorrelation, monthly unemployment, season and year effects, 52-wk lags, news-related searches for suicide (for Google Trends), and depression prevalence and percent female (for BRFSS). National search interest varied more than 100-fold between racial violence incidents. Black BRFSS respondents reported 0.26 more poor mental health days during weeks with two or more racial incidents relative to none, and 0.13 more days with each log10 increase in national interest. Estimates were robust to sensitivity tests, including controlling for monthly number of Black homicide victims and weekly search interest in riots. As expected, racial incidents did not predict average poor mental health days among White BRFSS respondents. Results with national psychological distress from Google Trends were mixed but generally unsupportive of hypotheses. Reducing anti-Black violence may benefit Black Americans’ mental health nationally.

Initial Improvement in Ride Quality of Jointed, Plain Concrete Pavement with Microsurfacing: Case Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 1545 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Moulthrop ◽  
Larry Day ◽  
W. R. Ballou
Keyword(s):  
Plain Concrete ◽  
The United States ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Ride Quality ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Initial Improvement ◽  
And Performance

Safety, cost, ride quality, and performance are characteristics of pavement systems that are considered high-priority customer demands by transportation agencies throughout the world. Ride quality is the characteristic most notable to the traveling public. Throughout the United States, numerous state and federal agencies have developed specifications that require that road contractors meet a minimum level of ride quality before a pavement is approved for payment. Studies have shown that initial (as constructed) ride quality is an important factor in determining overall serviceability and length of time to rehabilitation or reconstruction. A case study in Cowley County, Kansas, in which the ride quality of an existing jointed, plain concrete pavement was significantly improved by the placement of a thin, polymer-modified, asphaltemulsion microsurfacing system, is described. The existing pavement conditions, the construction techniques used by the contractor, and the smoothness measurements before and after construction are noted and discussed. It was found that a marked reduction in roughness can be accomplished with unique construction techniques and microsurfacing.

Looming Threats to the Intimate Bond in Hospice Care? Economic and Organizational Pressures in the Case Study of a Hospice

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah G. Ward ◽  
Audrey K. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hospice Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Client Care ◽  
Client Relationship ◽  
Midwestern City

Hospice organizations are assailed by stiff competition, ever-rising costs, limited funding, and policy changes. Do such pressures stifle the high quality of care these organizations strive to provide? As a case-in-point, we draw from the mid-1990s accounts of caregivers at a nonprofit hospice in a Midwestern city in the United States. We maintain that economic pressures drive organizational restructuring, which then weakens working conditions and, thereby, weakens the staff-client relationship. We discuss effects upon worker behaviors, the worker-client relationship, and client care. This ethnographic case study signals the need to closely examine the threats that current economic and organizational pressures in the United States may pose to the quality of hospice care.

Planning and Dimensioning of the 3G UMTS Core Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Ye Ouyang ◽  
M. Hosein Fallah
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
The United States ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Core Networks ◽  
Mobile Operator ◽  
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System ◽  
Design Plan

The current literature provides many practical tools or theoretical methods to design, plan, and dimension Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) radio networks, but overlooks the algorithms of the network planning and dimensioning for core networks of GSM, UMTS, and IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). This chapter introduces an algorithm for traffic, bandwidth, and throughput dimensioning of the network entities in the UMTS core network. The analysis is based on the traffic and throughput generated or absorbed in the interfaces of the network entities in the UMTS core network. Finally a case study is provided to verify the algorithms created for UMTS core network. This chapter is aimed at helping UMTS network operators dimension an optimum network size and build an optimum network structure to deliver an optimum quality of service for users. The algorithms developed in the chapter have been successfully applied in dimensioning a nationwide UMTS network in North Africa and adopted in an optimization tool by a mobile operator in the United States in 2008-09.

scholarly journals Technology Readiness and Customer Satisfaction with Travel Technologies: A Cross-Country Investigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Kevin Kam Fung So ◽  
Beverley A. Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Technology Readiness ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

Technologies have dramatically transformed tourist experience. However, research has largely focused on traveler attitudes and technology adoption rather than their experience with travel technologies. Taking a cross-country perspective, this study examines the role of technology readiness (TR) as a personality trait in shaping travelers’ satisfaction with travel technologies, using airlines as a case study. Results of an online survey of travelers in Australia, China, and the United States revealed the moderating effects of the TR dimensions of optimism and innovativeness as well as country of residence on the relationships between perceived quality of technology-enabled services (TESs), satisfaction with TESs, overall satisfaction, and future behavior. These relationships were stronger among travelers with higher TR and varied across countries. The results suggest that tourism and hospitality service providers should incorporate measures of traveler TR and TESs’ performance into their customer-experience monitoring system.

scholarly journals One Step at a Time: A Journey of Hope, Inspiration, and Determination

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Hermanns ◽  
Barbara Haas
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
The Impact

Approximately three million persons in the United States face the challenge of living with Parkinson's Disease (PD). In spite of medical and surgical interventions, the disease progresses, resulting in bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability that impair functional ability and quality of life. The purpose of this case study is to illuminate the impact an exercise program may have on an individual with PD. A single case study design was used to explore the effect of exercise on the quality of life of a 73-year old gentleman with advanced PD. Interviews and field observations of the client, wife, and staff at a community based exercise facility were conducted. Analyses were based on coding of verbatim transcripts and field notes. Three themes emerged from the study: hope, inspiration, and determination. This case study is an exemplar of the impact exercise conducted in a supportive environment may have on improving the functional ability and quality of life for persons with PD.

scholarly journals Eco-innovative strategies towards peri-urban sustainability: the case study of the metropolitan area of Naples

Europa XXI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
Valentina Vittiglio ◽  
Silvia Iodice ◽  
Libera Amenta ◽  
Michelangelo Russo ◽  
Anna Attademo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Current System ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Spatial Decision Support System ◽  
Spatial Decision Support ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Innovative Solutions

Across Europe, the current system of waste management is responsible for environmental pollution, leading to the need of a transition towards a circular economy model, and towards systemic approaches for achieving sustainable objectives. Interpreting waste as resource – through the development of eco-innovative solutions – can play a positive impact on the quality of life and of the environment. REPAiR1 research project proposes eco-innovative strategies, in order to co-design and assess solutions, involving a series of decisional problems that require the development of Spatial Decision Support System, described in their general structure and with a focus on the REPAiR project.

scholarly journals Different views on assuring the quality of honours programmes

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Pierre van Eijl ◽  
Henmar Moesker ◽  
Marleen Eyckmans
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Internal Quality Control ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Internal Quality Assurance ◽  
Formal Procedures

Can we match formal procedures for quality assurance with the creativity and individuality that defines honours? In a session at the Utrecht Honours Conference 2016: Honours Futures we discussed experiences in quality assurance of honours programmes in the United States of America, the Netherlands and Belgium. To illustrate the possibilities, a case study of using an external audit for honours education and two case studies of the use of internal quality assurance tools in an honours programme were presented. It is concluded that a form of quality assurance is needed to continuously improve. So honours educators must at least care for internal quality control. Student involvement is stimulating for the engagement of all participants in the process of quality control. Internal quality control may result in an annual report. Annual reports can be used both internally and in external quality control.

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