Absence of Pilot Monitoring Affects Scanning Behavior of Pilot Flying: Implications for the Design of Single-Pilot Cockpits

2020 ◽  
pp. 001872082093969
Author(s):  
Anja K. Faulhaber ◽  
Maik Friedrich ◽  
Tatjana Kapol
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
External View ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Time Scanning ◽  
Flight Decks ◽  
Fixed Base ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Continuous Scanning ◽  
Flight Parameters ◽  
Scanning Behavior

Objective This study examines whether the pilot flying’s (PF) scanning behavior is affected by the absence of the pilot monitoring (PM) and aims at deriving implications for the design of single-pilot cockpits for commercial aviation. Background Due to technological progress, a crew reduction from two-crew to single-pilot operations (SPO) might be feasible. This requires a redesign of the cockpit to support the pilot adequately, especially during high workload phases such as approach and landing. In these phases, the continuous scanning of flight parameters is of particular importance. Method Experienced pilots flew various approach and landing scenarios with or without the support of the PM in a fixed-base Airbus A320 simulator. A within-subject design was used and eye-tracking data were collected to analyze scanning behavior. Results The results confirm that the absence of the PM affects the PF’s scanning behavior. Participants spent significantly more time scanning secondary instruments at the expense of primary instruments when flying alone. Moreover, the frequency of transitions between the cockpit instruments and the external view increased while mean dwell durations on the external view decreased. Conclusion The findings suggest that the PM supports the PF to achieve efficient scanning behavior. Information should be presented differently in commercial SPO to compensate for the PM’s absence and to avoid visual overload. Application This research will help inform the design of commercial SPO flight decks providing adequate support for the pilot particularly in terms of efficient scanning behavior.

New Display Systems for the Next Generation of Civil Aircraft

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-387
Author(s):  
Maurice Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Aircraft ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Gradual Evolution ◽  
Military Aviation ◽  
Flight Decks ◽  
History Of ◽  
Radar Information ◽  
Flight Deck ◽  
Display Systems ◽  
Technical Revolution

The history of aeronautics has been marked by a number of revolutionary breakthroughs influencing both designers and users. A major example is the advent of jet aircraft. In flight deck instrumentation the technical revolution has followed a steadier course, enabling a gradual evolution from the rudimentary instruments used on yesterday's aircraft to the sophisticated instruments used today.In this respect, the information displayed has evolved both in quantity and quality. This has gradually led to new flight deck designs such as that used in the Airbus A 300. The impression of a gradual evolution in instrument technology is due to the fact that information is often displayed in the same manner as before, i.e. using dial indicators. Today, a new revolution is taking place in commercial aircraft flight decks: the use of digital systems displaying processed data on cathode ray tube (CRT) displays.Preliminary Studies. The use of CRT in flight deck instrumentation has been under study for a number of years. Many aircraft are already fitted with CRT for specific applications such as weather radar information and computer-processed data (on display units linked with computers).The present CRT breakthrough is tending to compete with or replace conventional instruments. This tendency started in 1968–70, giving rise to a number of preliminary studies, with military aviation quickly taking the lead. Studies were also carried out in commercial aviation, for example those of the Boeing SST programme which, as is commonly known, was later cancelled.

Representation of information in SEM by equal signal lines

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
E. Rau ◽  
N. Karelin ◽  
V. Dukov ◽  
M. Kolomeytsev ◽  
S. Gavrikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic System ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Specimen Surface ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Signal Value ◽  
Information Signal ◽  
Fixed Base ◽  
Scanning Line ◽  
Amplitude Analyzer

There are different methods and devices for the increase of the videosignal information in SEM. For example, with the help of special pure electronic [1] and opto-electronic [2] systems equipotential areas on the specimen surface in SEM were obtained. This report generalizes quantitative universal method for space distribution representation of research specimen parameter by contour equal signal lines. The method is based on principle of comparison of information signal value with the fixed levels.Transformation image system for obtaining equal signal lines maps was developed in two versions:1)In pure electronic system [3] it is necessary to compare signal U (see Fig.1-a), which gives potential distribution on specimen surface along each scanning line with fixed base level signals εifor obtaining quantitative equipotential information on solid state surface. The amplitude analyzer-comparator gives flare sport videopulses at any fixed coordinate and any instant time when initial signal U is equal to one of the base level signals ε.

A solution to the rear-vision problem in a fixed-base driving simulator

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guihua Yang ◽  
Farnaz Baniahmad ◽  
Beverly K. Jaeger ◽  
Ronald R. Mourant
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Fixed Base

The effect of secondary tasks on drivers' scanning behavior

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianjun Sam Zheng ◽  
George W. McConkie ◽  
Yu-chi Tai
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Tasks ◽  
Scanning Behavior

Penilaian Kinerja Dosen Dengan Menggunakan Metode AHP Studi Kasus di STIE Ahmad Dahlan Jakarta

Liquidity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Ellya Sestri
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Faculty Performance ◽  
Business World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Rule Out

An increasingly rapid technological progress in the era of globalization in the business world, so do not rule out the possibility that a decision-making is something that is very vital in determining the decisions to be taken in the face of competitive business world. Decision making can be influenced by several aspects, this can affect the speed of decision making by the decision maker in which decisions must be quick and accurate. Lecturer Performance Assessment Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process is a decision support system that aims to assess faculty performance according to certain criteria. This system of faculty performance appraisal criteria to map a hierarchy, where each hierarchy will be performed pairwise comparison, the pairwise comparisons between criteria, so to get a comparison of the relative importance of criteria with each other. The results of this comparison is then analyzed to obtain the priority of each criterion. Once completed and performed an assessment of alternative options to be compared and calculated to obtain the best alternatives according to established criteria.

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