scholarly journals The Influence of Motion and Audio Cues on Driver Performance in an Automobile Simulator

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 488-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Mclane ◽  
Walter W. Wierwille
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Physical Motion ◽  
Audio Cues ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Simulator Design ◽  
Student Subjects

A highway driving simulator with a computer-generated visual display, physical motion cues of roll, yaw, and lateral translation, and velocity-dependent sound/vibration cues was used to investigate the influence of these cues on driver performance. Forty-eight student subjects were randomly allocated to six experimental groups. Each group of eight subjects experienced a unique combination of the motion and audio cues. The control group received a full simulation condition while each of the remaining five groups performed with certain combinations of motion and sound deleted. Each driver generated nine minutes of continuous data from which five performance measures were derived. Results indicate that the performance measures of yaw, lateral, and velocity deviation are significantly affected by the deletion of cues. In support of the hypothesis that driver performance is augmented by the addition of motion cues, statistically significant negative correlations were obtained between the number of motion cues present and the measures of yaw and lateral deviation. With respect to motion and audio cues, recommendations are made regarding simulator design criteria.

Training Effectiveness: How Does Driving Simulator Fidelity Influence Driver Performance?

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (25) ◽  
pp. 2201-2205 ◽  
Author(s):  
George D. Park ◽  
R. Wade Allen ◽  
Theodore J. Rosenthal ◽  
Dary Fiorentino
Keyword(s):  
Graduation Rates ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Training Trial ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Driver Training ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
The Difference

Driver performance effects were compared between two configuration types: 1) a low-cost, three-monitor, 135 degree field-of-view (FOV), PC desktop with PC gaming steering wheel controls and 2) a medium-cost, fixed-based, projected image, 135 degree FOV, instrumented vehicle cab. The experiment was part of a larger novice driver training experiment with teenage drivers who had yet to receive their license to drive (Allen, Park, et al. 2003). Participants drove a minimum of six training trial runs on either the three-monitor configuration (N = 180) or the vehicle cab configuration (N = 143). A 2 times 6 (configuration type x training trial runs) analysis of variance was performed for a variety of performance measures as well as a one-way analysis of variance to assess the graduation rates between the two configurations. Significant differences were found for certain performance measures suggesting that handling behaviors (i.e. braking and steering) were largely affected by the difference in controls while lane position, vehicle speed, time-to-collision, and simulator sickness ratings were largely affected by the difference in graphical display. However, non-significant differences in certain performance measures (e.g. total accidents and graduation rates) suggested that the three-monitor configuration may be as useful of a tool for driver training, assessment, and research as a higher fidelity vehicle cab.

The Effects of Sensory Modality and Information Priority on In-Vehicle Signing and Information Systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (16) ◽  
pp. 1072-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Mollenhauer ◽  
Jaesik Lee ◽  
Ken Cho ◽  
Melissa C. Hulse ◽  
Thomas A. Dingus
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Display Type ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Information Recall ◽  
Road Sign ◽  
Auditory Mode ◽  
Driver Performance

During this study, subjects drove an interactive driving simulator and were presented road sign information from a visual dash-mounted LCD display or from digitized auditory voice. Information priority was also manipulated in that subjects received all sign information typically present in the roadway environment, or only “filtered” high priority regulatory and notification information. The effects of display type and filtering on information recall, driver performance, and driver preferences were measured. The results indicate that presenting information in an auditory mode results in a higher level of road sign information recall, but also decreases the subjects' driving performance when compared to a visual display. Subjects were also able to recall more road sign information and drove at a higher level of performance during the filtered conditions. Subjects rated auditory information as more distracting than visual information.

Comparison of Computer-Generated and Simulated Motion Picture Displays in a Driving Simulation

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 577-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter W. Wierwille ◽  
Peter P. Fung
Keyword(s):  
Motion Picture ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
Physical Motion ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Simulated Motion ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Lane Keeping

An automotive driving simulator with a computer-generated display system, three axes of physical motion (roll, yaw, and lateral translation), sound, and vibration cues was used to investigate and compare human psychomotor response and vehicle response to different types of displays and motion cues. Subjects drove the simulator under four levels of displays; three being simulated preprogrammed motion picture displays (MPDS), one being the standard computer-generated display (CGDS). Motion and no-motion conditions were instituted at each display level. Each data run included lane-keeping and lane-changing tasks for various simulated highway conditions. During lane changes under MPDS conditions, both preprogrammed and nonpreprogrammed simulator conditions were examined. Seven dependent variables were used to measure performance. Results of the experiment show that one level of the simulated preprogrammed MPDS produced performance similar to that of a CGDS in all seven measures, whereas the other levels differed significantly. This suggests that using a properly instrumented preprogrammed MPDS will not compromise experimental results for certain research and educational experiments, and that in many cases an economical simulation using an MPDS would be adequate.

Effect of Visual Display Parameters on Driving Performance in a Virtual Environments Driving Simulator

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (22) ◽  
pp. 1136-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren H. Levine ◽  
Ronald R. Mourant
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Display Devices ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Driver Performance

In virtual environment applications, there is a tradeoff between the quality of the graphic image and the speed at which the application runs. In driving simulation, the content and quality of the visual image are particularly important, which suggests that there are limits to the degree they can be reduced. A virtual environments driving simulator was used to investigate the effects of visual display parameters on driver performance and perception. A road tracking study compared two display devices, two rendering algorithms, and three levels of road side delineation poles. Subjects drove the simulator through a series of road courses, and answered questionnaires designed to evaluate their perception of the realism of the simulator and the sense of immersion in the virtual environment. The results of the study confirm previous work on the beneficial effects of road side delineation poles on driving performance. They also suggest the importance of lag in the perception of driving performance and immersion, and the importance of shaded images in actual driving task performance.

EFFICACY OF PRESSURE-BIOFEEDBACK GUIDED DEEP CERVICAL FLEXOR TRAINING ON NECK PAIN AND MUSCLE PERFORMANCE IN VISUAL DISPLAY TERMINAL OPERATORS

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 1350011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nezamuddin ◽  
Shahnawaz Anwer ◽  
Sohrab Ahmad Khan ◽  
Ameed Equebal
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Women Patients ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Visual Display Terminal ◽  
Pressure Biofeedback

Purpose: This randomized trial study compared the efficacy of pressure-biofeedback guided deep cervical flexor training as an adjunct with conventional exercise on pain and muscle performance in visually displayed terminal operators. Methods: A total of 50 (22 men and 28 women) patients with neck pain participated in the study. Patients were randomly placed into two groups: a biofeedback group (n = 25) and a control group (n = 25). The biofeedback group received pressure-biofeedback guided deep cervical flexor training program for 5 days a week for 6 weeks, whereas the control group received an exercise program only. Results: On intergroup comparisons, the deep cervical flexor performance in biofeedback group, at the end of 6th week was significantly higher than those of control group (p < 0.01). Pain intensity was also significantly reduced in biofeedback group when compared to control group at the end of trial (p < 0.004). Conclusion: The addition of pressure-biofeedback to a 6-week conventional program appeared to increase deep cervical flexor muscle performance, compared to the exercise program alone for people with reduced muscle performance.

Auditory Icons as Impending Collision System Warning Signals in Commercial Motor Vehicles

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (15) ◽  
pp. 1127-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Belz ◽  
Gary S. Robinson ◽  
John G. Casali
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Collision System ◽  
Collision Warning ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Side Collision ◽  
Simulated Driving Task

This simulator-based study examined the use of conventional auditory warnings (tonal, non-verbal sounds) and auditory icons (representational, non-verbal sounds), alone and in combination with a dash-mounted visual display to warn commercial motor vehicle operators of impending front-to-rear and side collision situations. Driver performance was measured in the simulated driving task via brake response time in the front-to-rear collision scenarios and via a count of accident occurrence in the side collision scenarios. For both front-to-rear and side collision scenarios, auditory icons elicited significantly improved driver performance over conventional auditory warnings. Driver performance improved when collision warning information was presented through multiple modalities.

Driver Performance in a Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control String

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1184-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaughan W. Inman ◽  
Steven Jackson ◽  
Brian H. Philips
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Time To Collision ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Safety Benefit ◽  
Crash Reduction ◽  
Mean Time

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) has been proposed as a method to increase highway capacity and possibly enhance safety. Two experiments were conducted in a driving simulator to verify that drivers with CACC would effectively monitor the system’s longitudinal control and override the system in the event that greater braking authority was needed than the system was designed to provide. In the first experiment, the emergency response of drivers with the CACC was compared with that of drivers who manually controlled following distance within a string of vehicles. The CACC group experienced markedly fewer crashes and had longer mean time-to-collision. The second experiment examined whether the CACC safety benefit was the result of the CACC system’s limited automatic braking authority, an auditory alarm, or both. The results suggest that both auto-braking and an auditory alarm are necessary to achieve a crash reduction benefit, although the alarm alone may promote less severe collisions.

Evaluation of a High-Deceleration Braking Signal in a Driving Simulator

1977 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 558-561
Author(s):  
Rudolf G. Mortimer ◽  
Samuel P. Sturgis
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Car Following

Signals on the rear of cars, ostensibly indicating the magnitude of deceleration in braking, were evaluated in a driving simulator. The drivers felt that the signals were useful, but no benefits were found in car-following or crash-related performance measures.

scholarly journals AN EVALUATION OF AIRPORT WAYFINDING AND SIGNAGE ON SENIOR DRIVER BEHAVIOUR AND SAFETY OF AIRPORT ROAD ACCESS DESIGN

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-129
Author(s):  
Nur Khairiel Anuar ◽  
Romano Pagliari ◽  
Richard Moxon
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Driving Behaviour ◽  
Road Design ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Car Driving

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of different wayfinding provision on senior driving behaviour and road safety. A car driving simulator was used to model scenarios of differing wayfinding complexity and road design. Three scenario types were designed consisting of 3.8 miles of airport road. Wayfinding complexity varied due to differing levels of road-side furniture. Experienced car drivers were asked to drive simulated routes. Forty drivers in the age ranges: 50 to 54, 55 to 59 and those aged over 60 were selected to perform the study. Participants drove for approximately 20 minutes to complete the simulated driving. The driver performance was compared between age groups. Results were analysed by Mean, Standard Deviation and ANOVA Test, and discussed with reference to the use of the driving simulator. The ANOVA confirmed that age group has a correlation between road design complexity, driving behaviour and driving errors.

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