Limited Capacity of Railways for Coal Transportation in India: Evidence from ArcGIS-based Load Flow Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 001946622095310
Author(s):  
Rajesh Gupta ◽  
Ekaterina Kozyreva ◽  
Pavel Chistyakov ◽  
Petr Lavrinenko ◽  
Igor Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Load Flow ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Rail Network ◽  
Coal Transportation ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Flow Study

How much coal will India need to transport in future and is the rail network poised to handle that requirement are two important questions for the emerging economy. To find answers to these questions, this study creates a distribution model of coal freight traffic on Indian Railways, analyzing the sufficiency of infrastructure for future economic needs. Using data on spatial distribution of coal mines, coal traffic volumes and rail sectional capacities, this study creates sectional capacity maps as main visual tool for analysis. Sections with bottlenecks are identified for next ten years’ coal transport need of the country. The simulation done in this study finds 15% under-delivery for the 900mT coal demand in the country by 2030 due to transport bottlenecks. Based on this analysis, the article presents the conclusions on possible influence of existing conditions of coal transportation on India’s economy in the long-term period and also considers the role of dedicated freight.

Mending Broken Hearts

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen L. Idler ◽  
David A. Boulifard ◽  
Richard J. Contrada
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Never Married ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Marriage has long been linked to lower risk for adult mortality in population and clinical studies. In a regional sample of patients ( n = 569) undergoing cardiac surgery, we compared 5-year hazards of mortality for married persons with those of widowed, separated or divorced, and never married persons using data from medical records and psychosocial interviews. After adjusting for demographics and pre- and postsurgical health, unmarried persons had 1.90 times the hazard of mortality of married persons; the disaggregated widowed, never married, and divorced or separated groups had similar hazards, as did men and women. The adjusted hazard for immediate postsurgical mortality was 3.33; the adjusted hazard for long-term mortality was 1.71, and this was mediated by married persons’ lower smoking rates. The findings underscore the role of spouses (both male and female) in caregiving during health crises and the social control of health behaviors.

scholarly journals Humanitarian Assistance and Permanent Settlement of Asylum Seekers in Greece: The Role of Sympathy, Perceived Threat, and Perceived Contribution

2020 ◽  
pp. 019791832094982
Author(s):  
Elisavet Thravalou ◽  
Borja Martinovic ◽  
Maykel Verkuyten
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
Permanent Settlement ◽  
Using Data

During the recent inflow of asylum seekers from the Middle East and North Africa to Europe, the native population in Greek frontier islands largely offered humanitarian assistance to these immigrants, while support for their permanent settlement in the area was low. To explain this discrepancy, we investigated whether sympathy toward asylum seekers, perceptions of threat posed by asylum seekers, and asylum seekers’ perceived societal contributions relate differently to native Greeks’ self-reported provision of humanitarian assistance and to their support for asylum seekers’ permanent settlement in Greece. Using data from a representative sample of 1,220 Greek participants, we found that Greeks who showed more sympathy toward asylum seekers were more likely to report having offered humanitarian assistance. Further, participants who felt more sympathy and those who perceived higher asylum seekers’ contributions were more positive toward asylum seekers’ permanent settlement, whereas participants who perceived more threat from asylum seekers showed less support for their permanent settlement. We conclude that policies geared toward motivating people to provide humanitarian aid to asylum seekers should focus on generating sympathy, whereas policies geared toward increasing long-term acceptance of asylum seekers need to additionally consider lowering threat perceptions and highlighting asylum seekers’ contributions.

scholarly journals How a school holiday led to persistent COVID-19 outbreaks in Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Thor Arnarson
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
European Regions ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Winter School ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of large outbreaks on the persistence of Covid-19 over time. Using data from 650 European regions in 14 countries, I first show that winter school holidays in late February/early March 2020 (weeks 8, 9 and 10) led to large regional outbreaks of Covid-19 in the spring with the spread being 60% and up-to over 90% higher compared to regions with earlier school holidays. While the impact of these initial large outbreaks fades away over the summer months, it systematically reappears from the fall as regions with school holidays in weeks 8, 9 and 10 had 30–70% higher spread. This suggests that following a large outbreak, there is a strong element of underlying (latent) regional persistence of Covid-19. The strong degree of persistence highlights the long-term benefits of effective (initial) containment policies, as once a large outbreak has occurred, Covid-19 persists. This result emphasizes the need for vaccinations against Covid-19 in regions that have recently experienced large outbreaks but are well below herd-immunity, to avoid a new surge of cases.

scholarly journals Inter-Ethnic Friendship and Hostility between Roma and non-Roma Students in Hungary: The Role of Exposure and Academic Achievement

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Hajdu ◽  
Gábor Kertesi ◽  
Gábor Kézdi
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Closing The Achievement Gap ◽  
Group Relations ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Using Data

AbstractThis study examines friendship and hostility relations between Roma students and the ethnically homogeneous non-Roma majority in Hungarian schools. Using data on friendship and hostility relations of 15-year-old students from 82 schools, the study focuses on the interaction between exposure to the other ethnic group and academic achievement of Roma students. High-achieving Roma students are shown to have significantly more friends and fewer adversaries than low-achieving ones, due to better inter-ethnic relations while having similar within-ethnic group relations. As a result, higher exposure to Roma students translates to more friendship and less hostility from non-Roma students in environments where more of the Roma students have higher achievement. Therefore, policies helping the achievement of Roma students can have immediate as well as long-term positive effects. Simulations suggest that a mixed policy of desegregation and closing the achievement gap may best foster positive inter-ethnic relations.

Performance of VC/PE-backed IPOs: New Insights from India

2020 ◽  
pp. 097215092095054
Author(s):  
Soumya G. Deb ◽  
Pradip Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Initial Public Offerings ◽  
Private Equity ◽  
Operating Performance ◽  
Equity Market ◽  
Venture Capitalists ◽  
Public Offerings ◽  
Market Perception ◽  
Using Data

This article explores long-term equity and operating performance of Indian firms issuing initial public offerings (IPOs) backed by venture capital/private equity (VC/PE) funding. Using data for 173 IPOs backed by VC/PE funding during 2000–2016, the article shows that equity market performance of VC/PE-backed IPOs is unimpressive post issue, compared to their peers. This is not only due to market perception but also associated with a declining operating performance. However, information asymmetry, mispricing and ‘timing the market’ by issuing firms do not seem to be the reasons for such long-term underperformance. We argue that it may be a case of too much money chasing too few winners for Indian IPOs and individual rent-seeking activities by managers. The observation raises the question of effectiveness of the monitoring role of venture capitalists or PE funders post the IPO in an Indian context. This is substantiated by our additional finding that sustained monitoring and hand-holding by venture capitalists and PE funders post the IPO cause an improvement in performance. The findings of this study can have significant implications for all stakeholders, particularly common investors in the Indian equity market.

scholarly journals The Adoption of Sustainable Management Practices by Mexican Coffee Producers

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Ubertino ◽  
Patrick Mundler ◽  
Lota D. Tamini
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Coffee Sector

<p>In order to maintain optimal growing conditions on coffee plots, producers in Mexico are encouraged to renovate their stock of coffee trees, use fertilizer, implement soil conservation measures and manage shade levels. The adoption of these sustainable management practices (SMPs) by smallholder coffee growers has become an important rural development objective, especially as a way to overcome low yields, poverty and land degradation. However, adoption rates for SMPs remain below expected levels, a situation that potentially threatens the long- term viability of the coffee sector in Mexico. To better understand the choices made by producers, a multivariate probit technique was used which modelled the adoption of possibly interrelated SMPs using data from a survey of 119 coffee producers. The analysis reveals that adoption of SMPs is related to the size of coffee holdings, the socio-economic characteristics of producers and the role of social capital, the latter being a key factor in the overall adoption process. Surprisingly, government subsidies to coffee growers were not tied to higher adoption rates, suggesting the need for policy reforms in order to better facilitate the uptake of new practices. The results indicate that efforts aimed at strengthening local institutions and organizing coffee growers into producer associations could increase the adoption of SMPs in smallholder coffee systems.</p>

scholarly journals The Role of Corporate Ethical Management on Trade Relationship Trust and Commitment: B2B

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5290
Author(s):  
Shiruo Fei ◽  
Chanho Kwon ◽  
Changhyun Jin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Relationship Commitment ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Ethical Management ◽  
B2b Relationships ◽  
Trade Relationship ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Business To Business

This study investigated whether three components of ethical management—awareness, operation, and practice—have a positive effect on corporate trust and relationship commitment in business-to-business (B2B) transactions. The study examined whether the trust formed in transactions, or relationship commitment, affects the establishment of long-term oriented relationships between companies. Further, it also aimed to determine the extent to which the authenticity of ethical management serves as a moderator that allows ethical management to influence outcome variables. The study’s sample comprised personnel (top management, management, and staff) from small- and medium-sized companies that transact with companies that mainly conduct B2B transactions. An empirical analysis was performed using data from 1323 returned questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was performed to test the hypotheses. The results showed that authenticity and the corporate ethical management components did not have moderating effects when they affected trust; however, in relationship commitment or a long-term oriented relationship, authenticity has a moderating effect when trust and commitment affect the long-term oriented relationship. This study’s empirical results contribute valuable data to the literature, as it is based on a survey conducted on actual personnel members of companies in B2B relationships.

Natural Analog Support for Unsaturated Transport Modeling Using Data from the Akrotiri Archaeological Site

1995 ◽  
Vol 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Murphy ◽  
English C. Pearcy
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Modeling ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Transient Transport ◽  
Natural Analog ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Analog Study

AbstractA review of the natural analog study at the Akrotiri archaeological site is provided with regard to its use in support of long-term predictive modeling of chemical transport. Evidence for a plume of contaminants was collected using samples taken from the area under the location where artifacts were buried in silicic tuff for 3600 years. A transport model was developed using site characterization data, but no data for the plume. Qualitative data from the field support the model result that flux of metals from the artifacts was small. However, transient transport characteristics and the role of notable system heterogeneities and complexities were not fully represented by the model. The Akrotiri natural analog study indicates that long term releases and transport may be limited in an unsaturated repository site, but releases may be strongly affected by unknown processes or processes that are neglected in simplified models.

scholarly journals Mars or Mercury? The geopolitics of international currency choice*

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (98) ◽  
pp. 315-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Eichengreen ◽  
Arnaud Mehl ◽  
Livia Chiţu
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Military Alliances ◽  
Foreign Reserve ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Currency Composition

SummaryWe assess the role of economic and security considerations in the currency composition of international reserves. We contrast the ‘Mercury hypothesis’ that currency choice is governed by pecuniary factors familiar to the literature, such as economic size and credibility of major reserve currency issuers, against the ‘Mars hypothesis’ that this depends on geopolitical factors. Using data on foreign reserves of 19 countries before World War I, for which the currency composition of reserves is known and security alliances proliferated, our results lend support to both hypotheses. We find that military alliances boost the share of a currency in the partner’s foreign reserve holdings by about 30 percentage points. These findings speak to the implications of possible US disengagement from global geopolitical affairs. In a hypothetical scenario where the United States withdraws from the world, our estimates suggest that long-term US interest rates could rise by as much as 80 basis points, assuming that the composition of global reserves changes but their level does not.

Coalitional Maintenance

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
NOLAN McCARTY ◽  
LAWRENCE ROTHENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Interest Group ◽  
Electoral Cycle ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Legislative Parties

Research on parties has bifurcated between studies of parties in elections and parties in the legislature. This analysis brings the theoretical insights from the study of legislative parties to bear on the role that parties play in elections. The authors apply recent theories of legislative parties to highlight the dilemmas that parties face in electing their candidates and attempting to mediate between these office seekers and interest-group contributors. The authors maintain that parties best serve the long-term interests of their candidates by rewarding those who cater to interests aligned with the party and punishing others who solicit support from opponents. This proposition is tested using data on party contributions to House incumbents during the 1995-1996 electoral cycle. The authors find that incumbents who relied more on opposition groups for funds in the 1993-1994 cycle received less funding from their party. The results provide evidence that parties play the role of intermediary between groups and politicians.

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