Impact of Covid-19 on Informal Sector: A Study of Women Domestic Workers in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 001946622110238
Author(s):  
B. S. Sumalatha ◽  
Lekha D. Bhat ◽  
K. P. Chitra
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
National Level ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
State Support ◽  
Household Dynamics ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Jel Code ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
At Home

The COVID-19 pandemic has left severe impact on livelihood, security and health of informal sector workers, especially domestic workers, majority of whom are women. Being least organised and lacking institutional support, domestic workers are extremely vulnerable to exploitation and human rights violations, and the pandemic has aggravated the situation. Telephonic interviews were conducted with 260 domestic workers from three cities, namely Delhi, Mumbai and Kochi with focus on working conditions, livelihood and household dynamics, health scenario and state support during the pandemic. The data was substantiated with qualitative inputs from in-depth interviews conducted with 12 domestic workers across the cities. In the results, widespread job loss is reported among domestic workers during March–June 2020 along with drastically reduced income and increased workload. About 57% domestic workers reported stigma and discrimination at workplace, and 40% worked without any safety measures. Incidence of domestic violence at home, increased work burden at home, issues in access to health care, etc., were reported. The study findings point out the urgent need to have a national-level policy and state support specifically targeting women domestic workers, without which the situation of poverty, health hazards and social exclusion will continue to exist. JEL Code: J4, J46

scholarly journals Analysis of Health and Drug Access Associated with the Purchasing Power of the Ecuadorian Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Ortiz-Prado ◽  
Jorge Ponce ◽  
Fernando Cornejo-Leon ◽  
Anna M. Stewart-Ibarra ◽  
Rodrigo Henríquez Trujillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
National Level ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Drug Access ◽  
Access To Health

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a relationship between access to health systems and out-of-pocket spending with socio demographic characteristics in Ecuador.METHODS: Retrospective analysis of national level data on household medical expenditure from the National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure in Urban and Rural Houses conducted by the Ecuadorian National Institute of Statistics and Census Databases as well as other scientific, institutional, technical-administrative datasets.RESULTS: Families in the lowest percentile of poverty spend proportionally more out-of-pocket on pharmaceutical drugs than wealthier families. Furthermore, the lowest income deciles have no access to private health coverage. Populations from the bigger cities have more access to health care services than smaller rural cities. In Ecuador, 71% of pharmaceutical products are imported and 8% of the total of drugs are generic.CONCLUSIONS: Despite efforts by the current government, health access remains uneven, as indicated by drug access and out-of-pocket expenses per family. Poorer families have higher relative health expenditures for drugs than families with higher incomes, although poorer families have no access to private insurances.

Impact of the Lockdown on Women Domestic Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-313
Author(s):  
Vinita Yadav ◽  
Sherin Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Covid-19 pandemic impacted both life and livelihood. The lockdown severely affected economically weaker section workers who mostly belong to informal sector. Among informal sector workers, three million are women domestic workers whom pandemic forced to stay at home. Despite government’s request, employers’ resistance to release the salary impacted their socio-economic wellbeing. The announcement of stimulus packages provided limited relief. The study analyses the difficulties experienced by women domestic workers. The workers residing in large cities were the hardest hit, as many international and national organisations were closed. Using secondary data, turmoil of women domestic workers is presented. The analysis revealed the impact of lockdown and highlighted that there is a gap in implementation of law and relief measures. The study recommends adopting innovative public–private partnerships to enhance socio-economic development of women domestic workers.

The Right to Health: Sri Lankan Migrant Domestic Workers in the GCC

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth H. Shlala ◽  
Hiranthi Jayaweera
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
The Right ◽  
Migrant Domestic Workers

AbstractAccess to health care represents an important juncture between domestic labor migration and human rights in the GCC. The notions of “ambivalence” and legal hybridity shed light on how health care access is limited for migrant domestic workers, and why the legal framework is not enforced. Our research reveals that the lack of access to health care under the

scholarly journals Abortion and the Mission of MCH: Perspectives of MCH and Family Planning Professionals in Health Departments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Woodruff ◽  
Erin Wingo ◽  
Nancy F. Berglas ◽  
Sarah C. M. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Abortion Policy ◽  
Policy Environments ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Inductive Thematic Analysis

Abstract Introduction Prior research shows that maternal and child health (MCH) and family planning (FP) divisions in health departments (HDs) engage in some abortion-related activities, largely when legally mandated; some agencies also initiate abortion-related activities. Yet little is known about health department MCH/FP professionals’ views on how abortion-related work aligns with their professional mission. Methods Between November 2017 and June 2018, we conducted in-depth interviews with 29 MCH/FP professionals working in 22 state and local HDs across the U.S. We conducted inductive thematic analysis to identify themes regarding participants’ professional mission and values in relation to abortion-related work. Results Participants described a strong sense of professional mission. Two contrasting perspectives on abortion and the MCH/FP mission emerged: some participants saw abortion as clearly outside the scope of their mission, even a threat to it, while others saw abortion as solidly within their mission. In states with supportive or restrictive abortion policy environments, professionals’ views on abortion and professional mission generally aligned with their overall state policy environment; in states with middle-ground abortion policy environments, a range of perspectives on abortion and professional mission were expressed. Participants who saw abortion as within their mission anchored their work in core public health values such as evidence-based practice, social justice, and ensuring access to health care. Discussion There appears to be a lack of consensus about whether and how abortion fits into the mission of MCH/FP. More work is needed to articulate whether and how abortion aligns with the MCH/FP mission.

Health care for the absolute poor

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Ursula Trummer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
National Level ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Access To Health

Undocumented Migrants, an estimated 1% of the total population living in the EU, are widely excluded from welfare schemes and social policy considerations. They live under the radar of household statistics and epidemiology. Their health is at high risk and access to health care in most EU member states is restricted to emergency care. This restriction is discussed as being in conflict with the fundamental human right to health which has been ratified by all EU member states. Conflicting regulations on supranational and national level create a paradox situation for service providers. They have to manage this paradox. Evidence indicates that service providers develop an “art of interpretation” to interpret existing regulations in favour of their humanitarian goal to help people who are in need, no matter what the legal status may be.

scholarly journals Effect of public spending on agricultural productivity in Nigeria (1981-2018)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Temidayo Apata
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
National Level ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Ecological Regions ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Care Facilities

This study examines the effect of public spending on agricultural productivity in major agro-ecological regions in Nigeria (1981-2018). Using public finance data from agricultural and the non-agricultural sectors at a national level, agricultural productivity returns were analysed. Public spending on drivers of agricultural growth such as education, farm feeder roads and health care facilities and their effect on agricultural productivity were also examined. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and three-stage simultaneous equations. Descriptive statistics analysis results indicated that agricultural public spending as a part of total public spending averaged 4.88% between 1981 and 2018 across zones in Nigeria. Less than 25% of this allocation was spent on agricultural developmental/capital project. Elasticity results computed from the 3-stage simultaneous equation showed that the access to moderate farm feeder roads variable was 0.045, the access to education variable was 0.071 and the access to health care facilities (within 15-30 minutes’ walk to health facility) variable was 0.013. These variables were all significant at 1%. Such outcomes suggest that a 1% increase in the funding of education, farm feeder roads and health care facilities will enhance agricultural productivity per capita by 0.043. Hence, the results revealed an estimated benefit-cost-ratio of 4.3:1. Consequently, public expenditure on education, farm feeder roads and health care facilities of 4.3% would enhance agricultural productivity by 1%. However, the assessed marginal consequences and returns vary for four agro-ecological regions. Hence, harmonizing along with quality public spending on access to health care facilities, education and farm feeder roads would enhance agricultural productivity

Using Technology to Improve Access to Health Care for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline A. Mashima
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Improve Access

Important initiatives in health care include (a) improving access to services for disadvantaged populations, (b) providing equal access for individuals with limited or non-English proficiency, and (c) ensuring cultural competence of health-care providers to facilitate effective services for individuals from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health, 2001). This article provides a brief overview of the use of technology by speech-language pathologists and audiologists to extend their services to underserved populations who live in remote geographic areas, or when cultural and linguistic differences impact service delivery.

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