Ethnic Stereotypes and Entry into Labor Market Programs

ILR Review ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 001979391989993
Author(s):  
Mahmood Arai ◽  
Marie Gartell ◽  
Magnus Rödin ◽  
Gülay Özcan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Ethnic Stereotypes ◽  
Public Employment Service ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Portrait Photographs ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Labor Market Programs

The authors examine the impact of ethnic bias based on public employment officers’ decisions when choosing whom to recommend for participation in a labor market program. On the basis of an experiment that uses job seekers’ own portrait photographs, their recorded voices, and their real names, findings show that when recommending job seekers for labor market programs, female caseworkers are not affected by job seekers’ appearance, but male caseworkers favor job seekers who are perceived to have a stereotypical Swedish appearance. Moreover, the authors find that, as intended by the guidelines of the Swedish Public Employment Service, both male and female caseworkers favor job seekers perceived, based on the job seekers’ recorded voice, to have a foreign background. The authors’ conclusions suggest that when no explicit guidelines are provided for addressing the impact of ethnic stereotypes on selection for training programs, a risk of bias based on ethnic stereotypes of physical appearance exists.

Pure-Chance Jobs versus a Labor Market: The Impact on Careers of a Random Serial Dictatorship for First Job Seekers

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 470-475
Author(s):  
Ashna Arora ◽  
Leonard Goff ◽  
Jonas Hjort
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Level Variation ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Free Labor ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Pure Chance ◽  
Choice Sets ◽  
First Job ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Serial Dictatorship

Do workers' first jobs affect their careers? Do such first-job effects (FJEs) vary across worker types? If so, can policy improve upon a “free” labor market by altering initial worker-employer matches? We study these questions using Norway's pre-2013 system of assigning doctors to their first job–residencies–through a random serial dictatorship. This generated individual-level variation in workers' choice sets over employers, which we use as instrumental variables to estimate FJEs. We then decompose workers' preferences over first employers into FJEs-on-earnings and employer “amenity value” components, showing how matches and worker welfare changed in the post-2013 decentralized labor market.

Bien agiter avant l’emploi. De l’activation des politiques d’emploi à l’agitation des chômeurs

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-588
Author(s):  
Jean-François Orianne ◽  
Laura Beuker
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Labor Market Intermediaries ◽  
Market Intermediaries

By articulating a pragmatic approach of the labor market intermediaries with a systemic approach of the interactions at the State’s counters, the authors study the follow-up and accompaniment procedure of jobseekers in Belgium, within three public employment services. This procedure appears today as the most successful realization of a reform process, within the employment policies, that is still in progress since the middle of the 1990, under the influence of the European institutions (the European employment strategy). The authors analyze the role of the National Employment Office’s facilitators, the agents who are in charge of the jobseekers’ following-up procedure, that is the control of their effort to find a job. They also focus on the role of the employment counselors of two regional public services by showing that the employability – the official target of the activation policies – operate as a way to speak abstractly of employment and unemployment, as a way to sustain and to intensify the communication at the State’s counters. The action of the labor market intermediaries, qualified by the authors as a moral enterprise, can be characterized by its self-referential nature: to socialize the job seekers, to make them sensitive to the norms and standards of employability that are at stake in the three public employment services. According to the authors, the ‘labor market’ acts as a fiction: a simplified reconstruction of the world of work, within the political system, that serve as a readily available reference for the public action of intermediation.

scholarly journals Online Vacancies and its Role in Labor Market Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Morales Leonardo ◽  
Carlos Ospino ◽  
Amaral Nicole
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Beveridge Curve ◽  
Employment Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
Information Barriers ◽  
Public Employment Service ◽  
Job Openings ◽  
Job Vacancy

This paper assesses whether the expansion of online job vacancies leads to a more efficient labor market. We provide compelling evidence that the increase in online job vacancy penetration in Colombia has had an enhancing effect on the labor market's efficiency by making it easier for firms to find workers to fill their job openings. An estimation of the Beveridge Curve (unemployment to vacancies relationship), a well-established theoretical development from search models, concludes that policies that increase online vacancy posting enhance efficiency. We implement a differences in differences design to take advantage of a regulation, which mandates that all authorized online vacancy providers report any online vacancy to the Public Employment Service in Colombia. We find that sub-segments of the labor market with a relevant fraction of their vacancies posted online, presented on average nearly 15% lower vacancy rate for a given unemployment rate. Therefore, for these sub-segments, the Beveridge curve shifted inwards due to efficiency enhancements. These findings support active search policies to reduce information barriers, which reduce the odds of firms and workers finding one other in the labor market. Policies as those implemented by the Public Employment Service in Colombia seem to be beneficial.

scholarly journals Implementation of Public Employment Services in a Philippine Local Government Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Elma B. Bachita ◽  
Ma. Johanna Ann R. Bayoneta
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Market Information ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Employment Service ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Employment Service ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Employment Programs ◽  
Employment Agencies

The Public Employment Service Office is responsible for implementing labor market programs to promote full employment and equality of employment services. This study assessed the level of implementation of the services of the public employment service office of a component city in the areas of local employment in terms of labor market information, referral and placement, career and employment coaching, provision of livelihood and employment programs, and special employment in terms of reintegration assistance, employability enhancement, pre-employment counseling, and other services as assessed by local and overseas jobseekers and local business and overseas employment agencies.  It also investigated the challenges encountered by the respondents in availing these services. This descriptive-comparative study used a researcher-made survey instrument administered to randomly selected local and overseas job seekers and local and overseas business and employment agencies.  Using descriptive and inferential analyses, the study yielded a very high level of implementation which implies that the services by the PESO promoted job generation and addressed unemployment although, a significant difference was revealed in the implementation of labor market information and self-employment programs and services. The study recommended the enactment of local laws to enhance employment facilitation.

Delivering Employment Services to Vulnerable Customers: A Case Study of the UK's Employment Service

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Stafford ◽  
Simon Roberts ◽  
Deirdre Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Employment Service ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Public Employment Service ◽  
Customer Services ◽  
Self Service ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

This article explores the impact of a more individualised public employment service on vulnerable people. It analyses a system Jobcentre Plus implemented in 2008, Accessing Jobcentre Plus Customer Services (AJCS), to improve customer services by minimising ‘footfall’ in local offices, encouraging the use of self-service facilities and targeting service delivery to the requirements of customers. The article shows that certain vulnerable groups, notably people with disabilities, are not necessarily well served by the new system. The article highlights tensions between managing a large and complex service and addressing the individual needs of vulnerable members of society adequately.

scholarly journals Service oriented model of the Public Policy for Employment in Ukraine: innovative approaches

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Olha Borysenko
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Public Employment ◽  
Employment Service ◽  
Regional Employment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Employment Service ◽  
Employment Centers ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Labor Resources

The issue of proper and careful use of the country’s labor resources is nowadays one of the most pressing ones. Low employment rates with low levels of remuneration, shadow labor market, and high rates of labor migration from Ukraine pose a threat to the economic and social security of the state. Under such conditions, the question of national employment policy development is highly relevant. The goal of this policy is to create optimal conditions in the labor market. It is also important to develop the public employment service as a social partner of labor market entities. The main objectives of this service are to help people find employment in Ukraine, analyze the labor market, assist people in organizing their entrepreneurial activities, provide vocational guidance and training, help specific categories of citizens with workplace and employment issues, provide financial and information support for the unemployed, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to form innovative approaches and solutions that will enable creation of a service-oriented model of the development of national employment policy. This model provides for use of outsourcing technology to optimize the employment tasks entrusted to government agencies. In this case, it is proposed that job search services for competitive citizens be transferred from public employment centers to private agencies that provide recruiting and outsourcing services. Interaction with employers and selection of jobs for specific categories of citizens should be left to units of the public employment service. An important task confronting regional employment centers is to analyze the requirements for skills and knowledge that employers want in their employees, industry prospects of job offers, staff turnover rates, and reasons for dismissal of employees. Participation of regional employment centers in regional clusters is innovative. Employment centers will supplement production and technical cooperation with required labor resources supply service. Cooperation of regional employment centers with business structures and institutions of higher education will help update the content of education, develop effective educational programs, and raise the quality of theoretical and practical training of students to match the current needs of the labor market for their successful employment in the future. Systematic labor market analysis will make it possible to propose measures to create conditions for legalization of employment and bringing the labor market out of the shadow based on social positions. As a result, this will lead to transformation of the labor force into a driving factor in the economic development and social well-being.

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