Racial Differences in Men's Unemployment

ILR Review ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie S. Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Probability Function ◽  
White Men ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
Labor Market Conditions ◽  
Black And White

The author uses March 1990 Current Population Survey data to investigate the reasons for the long-standing gap between the unemployment levels of black and white men (which were about 11.8% and 4.8%, respectively, in 1990). An employment probability function that controls for labor force participation is estimated separately by race. The results indicate that only 20–40% of the differential can be explained by variables other than race that are typically associated with unemployment, such as educational level and local labor market conditions. The predicted differential appears to be greatest among younger, less-skilled men.

Rising Black Unemployment: Changes in Job Stability or in Employability?

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Lee Badgett
Keyword(s):  
Population Survey ◽  
Equal Employment Opportunity ◽  
Black Workers ◽  
Job Stability ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Employment Probabilities ◽  
Job Instability ◽  
Black Unemployment

This article analyzes the effects of changes in flows into and out of unemployment on the growing gap between black and white unemployment rates in the 1970s and 1980s. Current Population Survey data show that black workers’ unemployment inflows increased, suggesting that job instability increased. Declining employment opportunities were also implicated, as black workers left unemployment for a job less often in 1987 than in 1971. White women's situation improved considerably, with lower inflows and higher employment probabilities. Although the effects of declining federal equal employment opportunity (EEO) pressure cannot be detected, these findings are consistent with increasing racial discrimination.

RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN CLINICALLY LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCERS OF BLACK AND WHITE MEN

1998 ◽  
pp. 1983
Author(s):  
RALPH W. deVere WHITE ◽  
ARLINE D. DEITCH ◽  
AARON G. JACKSON ◽  
REGINA GANDOUR-EDWARDS ◽  
JOSEPHINE MARSHALLECK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
White Men ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Prostate Cancers

scholarly journals Racial Differences in Bone Density between Young Adult Black and White Subjects Persist after Adjustment for Anthropometric, Lifestyle, and Biochemical Differences*†

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Ettinger ◽  
Stephen Sidney ◽  
Steven R. Cummings ◽  
Cesar Libanati ◽  
Daniel D. Bikle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Percentage Density ◽  
Black And White

Abstract This study tested whether racial differences in bone density can be explained by differences in bone metabolism and lifestyle. A cohort of 402 black and white men and women, ages 25–36 yr, was studied at the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program in Northern California, a prepaid health plan. Body composition (fat, lean, and bone mineral density) was measured using a Hologic-2000 dual-energy x-ray densitometer. Muscle strength, blood and urine chemistry values related to calcium metabolism, bone turnover, growth factors, and level of sex and adrenal hormones were also measured. Medical history, physical activity, and lifestyle were assessed. Statistical analyses using t- and chi-square tests and multiple regression were done to determine whether racial difference in bone density remained after adjustment for covariates. Bone density at all skeletal sites was statistically significantly greater in black than in white subjects; on average, adjustment for covariates reduced the percentage density differences by 42% for men and 34% for women. Adjusted bone density at various skeletal sites was 4.5–16.1% higher for black than for white men and was 1.2–7.3% higher for black than for white women. We concluded that racial differences in bone mineral density are not accounted for by clinical or biochemical variables measured in early adulthood.

RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN CLINICALLY LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCERS OF BLACK AND WHITE MEN

1998 ◽  
Vol 159 (6) ◽  
pp. 1979-1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
RALPH W. deVere WHITE ◽  
ARLINE D. DEITCH ◽  
AARON G. JACKSON ◽  
REGINA GANDOUR-EDWARDS ◽  
JOSEPHINE MARSHALLECK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
White Men ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Prostate Cancers

scholarly journals Compensating Differentials and Unmeasured Ability in the Labor Market for Nurses: Why Do Hospitals Pay More?

ILR Review ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Schumacher ◽  
Barry T. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Compensating Differentials ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
Job Experience

Registered nurses (RNs) employed in hospitals realize a large wage advantage relative to RNs employed elsewhere. Cross-sectional estimates indicate a hospital RN wage advantage of roughly 20%. This paper examines possible sources of the hospital premium, a topic of some interest given the current shifting of medical care out of hospitals. Longitudinal analysis of Current Population Survey data for 1979–94 suggests that a third to a half of the advantage is due to unmeasured worker ability, and the authors conclude that the remainder of the advantage probably reflects compensating differentials for hospital disamenities. Supporting these conclusions is evidence that hospital RNs have higher cognitive ability and higher-quality job experience than non-hospital RNs, and indications that shift work accounts for roughly 10% of the hospital premium.

Racial Differences in Intersegment Mobility

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Waddoups
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Labor Market Conditions ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Qualitative Response ◽  
Segmented Labor Market

This article is an exploration of racial differences in the intersegment mobility process in a segmented labor market. To this end, a series of qualitative response models describing mobility of prime-age white and nonwhite males through a tripartite segmented labor market is constructed. It is found that demand variables representing labor market conditions, as well as traditional human capital variables are important predictors of intersegment mobility. It is also evident that there are striking racial differences in intersegment mobility patterns.

Labor Market Dropouts and Trends in the Wages of Black and White Men

ILR Review ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinhui Juhn
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Black Men ◽  
White Men ◽  
Black Workers ◽  
Average Wage ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Wage Convergence ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Job Prospects

There is continuing debate over whether and to what degree estimations of black-white wage convergence are biased because they leave labor market dropouts out of the picture. If a high proportion of blacks become discouraged and cease searching for jobs, and if those dropouts have, on average, poor job prospects, the average wage of black workers who remain in the labor market will be an upwardly biased estimate of the average wage across the population. This paper introduces a simple method of imputing wages to non-workers. When non-workers are accounted for in the calculations, real wage growth for prime age black men over the 1969–98 period is reduced approximately 40%, and black-white wage convergence is reduced by approximately one-third. The author finds that a source of bias as important as falling employment rates is the growing gap between wages of workers and potential wages of non-workers.

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