scholarly journals Compensating Differentials and Unmeasured Ability in the Labor Market for Nurses: Why Do Hospitals Pay More?

ILR Review ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Schumacher ◽  
Barry T. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Compensating Differentials ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
Job Experience

Registered nurses (RNs) employed in hospitals realize a large wage advantage relative to RNs employed elsewhere. Cross-sectional estimates indicate a hospital RN wage advantage of roughly 20%. This paper examines possible sources of the hospital premium, a topic of some interest given the current shifting of medical care out of hospitals. Longitudinal analysis of Current Population Survey data for 1979–94 suggests that a third to a half of the advantage is due to unmeasured worker ability, and the authors conclude that the remainder of the advantage probably reflects compensating differentials for hospital disamenities. Supporting these conclusions is evidence that hospital RNs have higher cognitive ability and higher-quality job experience than non-hospital RNs, and indications that shift work accounts for roughly 10% of the hospital premium.

scholarly journals The Ins and Outs of Cyclical Unemployment

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. L Elsby ◽  
Ryan Michaels ◽  
Gary Solon
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Unemployment Spells

A dominant trend in recent modeling of labor market fluctuations is to treat unemployment inflows as acyclical. This trend has been encouraged by recent influential papers that stress the role of longer unemployment spells, rather than more unemployment spells, in accounting for recessionary unemployment. After reviewing an empirical literature going back several decades, we apply a convenient log change decomposition to Current Population Survey data to characterize rising unemployment in each postwar recession. We conclude that a complete understanding of cyclical unemployment requires an explanation of countercyclical inflow rates, especially for job losers (layoffs), as well as procyclical outflow rates. (JEL E24, E32)

scholarly journals The Growth of Temporary Services Work

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis M Segal ◽  
Daniel G Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Temporary Work ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Permanent Workers ◽  
Sizable Fraction

Temporary services employment grew rapidly over the past several decades and now accounts for a sizable fraction of aggregate employment. The authors use Current Population Survey data to examine the changing nature of temporary work and discuss explanations for its growth. Temps are no longer overwhelmingly female or limited to clerical occupations. They have less labor market security than permanent workers, being prone to more unemployment and more underemployment. Few, however, are in temp positions a year later and the majority transition to permanent employment. Temp wages are approximately 20 percent below permanent workers, but individual and job characteristics explain approximately two-thirds of the gap.

scholarly journals How Internal Hiring Affects Occupational Stratification

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Wilmers ◽  
William Kimball
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Job Mobility ◽  
Local Labor Market ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
Current Population

When employers conduct more internal hiring, does this facilitate upward mobility for low-paid workers or does it protect the already advantaged? To assess the effect of within-employer job mobility on occupational stratification, we develop a framework that accounts for inequality in both rates and payoffs of job changing. Internal hiring facilitates advancement for workers without strong credentials, but it excludes workers at employers with few good jobs to advance into. Analyzing Current Population Survey data, we find that when internal hiring increases in a local labor market, it facilitates upward mobility less than when external hiring increases. When workers in low-paid occupations switch jobs, they benefit more from switching employers than from moving jobs within the same employer. One-third of this difference is due to low-paid workers isolated in industries with few high-paying jobs to transfer into. An occupationally segregated labor market therefore limits the benefits that internal hiring can bring to the workers who most need upward mobility.

The Labor Market Skills of Recent Male Immigrants: Evidence from the Current Population Survey

ILR Review ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Funkhouser ◽  
Stephen J. Trejo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Using Data

Using data from special supplements to the Current Population Survey (CPS), the authors track the education and hourly earnings of recent male immigrants to the United States. In terms of these measures of labor market skills, the CPS data suggest that immigrants who came in the late 1980s were more skilled than those who arrived earlier in the decade. This pattern represents a break from the steady decline in immigrant skill levels observed in 1940–80 Census data. Despite the encouraging trend over the 1980s, however, the average skills of recent immigrants remain low by historical standards.

scholarly journals The Labor Market Effects of Refugee Waves: Reconciling Conflicting Results

ILR Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Clemens ◽  
Jennifer Hunt
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Endogenous Variable ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Compositional Change ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
The Impact

Studies have reached conflicting conclusions regarding the labor market effects of exogenous refugee waves such as the Mariel Boatlift in Miami. The authors show that contradictory findings on the effects of the Mariel Boatlift can be explained by a large difference in the pre- and post-Boatlift racial composition in certain very small subsamples of workers in the Current Population Survey. This compositional change is specific to Miami and unrelated to the Boatlift. They also show that conflicting findings on the labor market effects of other important refugee waves are caused by spurious correlation in some analyses between the instrument and the endogenous variable, introduced by applying a common divisor to both. As a whole, the evidence from refugee waves reinforces the existing consensus that the impact of immigration on average native-born workers is small, and it fails to substantiate claims of large detrimental effects on workers with less than a high school education.

Comparable Worth: Limited Coverage and the Exacerbation of Inequality

ILR Review ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Comparable Worth ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Limited Coverage

Citing relevant judicial decisions, the author argues that any application of the comparable worth remedy for gender discrimination is likely to cover only certain groups of workers. Most likely to be covered are women who work for governmental or large private employers in female-dominated jobs, and least likely to be covered are women who work for small private employers. The implementation of comparable worth would cause the wages of noncovered workers to fall relative to those of covered workers, and they might even fall absolutely. An analysis of 1979 Current Population Survey data suggests that the women most likely to gain from comparable worth are fewer in number, better paid, and subjected to no greater discrimination than the women most likely to lose.

Racial Differences in Men's Unemployment

ILR Review ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie S. Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Probability Function ◽  
White Men ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
Labor Market Conditions ◽  
Black And White

The author uses March 1990 Current Population Survey data to investigate the reasons for the long-standing gap between the unemployment levels of black and white men (which were about 11.8% and 4.8%, respectively, in 1990). An employment probability function that controls for labor force participation is estimated separately by race. The results indicate that only 20–40% of the differential can be explained by variables other than race that are typically associated with unemployment, such as educational level and local labor market conditions. The predicted differential appears to be greatest among younger, less-skilled men.

The Relative Earnings of Vietnam and Korean-Era Veterans

ILR Review ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Current Population Survey ◽  
Vietnam Veterans ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Current Population Survey Data ◽  
Work Lives ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Annual Earnings

Using Current Population Survey data for 1967 and 1979, this paper compares the earnings of Vietnam veterans to those of Korean veterans (in both cases, relative to nonveterans) at similar points in their work lives—twelve to sixteen years after their discharge. In both 1967 and 1979, the unadjusted average annual earnings of veterans and nonveterans were similar. But an analysis that controls for such factors as education, age, race, and marital status shows that Vietnam veterans were worse off than their nonveteran contemporaries in that their rate of return per year of education was much lower. By contrast, Korean veterans were economically indistinguishable from nonveterans.

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