Dynamic game analysis of hybrid strategy of enterprise fulfilling social responsibility

Social Responsibility ◽

Dynamic Game ◽

Main Body ◽

Hybrid Strategy ◽

The Public ◽

Government Supervision ◽

The Government ◽

Corporate Social ◽

The Cost

In order to analyze the game relationship of corporate social responsibility, this paper uses evolutionary game theory to construct the dynamic game of mixed strategy by using government supervision, enterprises and the public as the main body of the three-party game. The results show that in the tripartite game, the more the expected revenue of government departments, enterprises, and the public increases, the more likely it is that the government departments will adopt a strict supervision strategy and the company will choose to assume social responsibility. The higher the cost of government supervision, the higher the cost of corporate social responsibility, and the more the loss of social welfare. Then the government department adopts a general regulatory strategy, and the company chooses not to assume social responsibility, the more likely the public will give negative evaluation of the company. The conclusion is that the strict supervision of the government supervision department has greatly increased the penalty ‘cost of enterprises’ failure to perform social responsibility. This helps enterprises to consciously perform social responsibility, and thus get positive comments from the public.

Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility of a Social Enterprise: An Empirical Analysis

Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies ◽

10.1142/s0219091516500181 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (03) ◽

pp. 1650018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Soon-Beng Chew ◽

Wei Quan Jeffrey Huang ◽

Hui Ching Chia ◽

Huang Chi Soh

Keyword(s):

Social Responsibility ◽

Collective Bargaining ◽

Labor Movement ◽

Social Enterprise ◽

Field Survey ◽

The Public ◽

The Social ◽

The Government ◽

This paper makes an attempt to estimate the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of a social enterprise in Singapore. Following the literature, we measure CSR based on a set of standard questions to gauge how the public values CSR according to these standard questions. The social enterprise being studied is NTUC Fairprice. NTUC is Singapore's labor movement which is a macro-focused union that works well with the government to achieve growth with equity ([Yao, S and SB Chew (2014). A mathematical model of a macro-focused labour union. Singapore Economic Review, 59(4), 1–13] for the theory of the macro-focused union). In this study, we also measure the CSR of Giant, another supermarket which is a commercial firm. A comparative analysis of the estimate of the CSR of these two firms is then made. The main finding is that, based on a field survey, Singaporeans value the CSR of NTUC Fairprice more highly than that of Giant. Our regression analysis reveals that the CSR valuation of NTUC Fairprice is basically determined by how people perceive NTUC Fairprice in terms of their sentiments. On the other hand, the only variable that is statistically significant in explaining changes in the CSR valuation of Giant is Malay respondents. The study also finds that, based on the second field survey, almost 85% of respondents chose to become members of NTUC because of non-collective bargaining benefits and only 10% joined the union because of sentiment. The main conclusion is that it pays for an organization to be known as a social enterprise. As NTUC Fairprice is a social enterprise of the labor movement in Singapore, union members are always supportive of the social effort of its cooperatives, of which NTUC Fairprice is one. An important incentive for workers to become union members is the provision of non-collective bargaining benefits provided by the labor movement.

Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility to Increase the Value of Companies Listed on the SRI Kehati Index Indonesia

10.5772/intechopen.93482 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Eddy Winarso

Keyword(s):

Social Responsibility ◽

Firm Value ◽

Business Processes ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Book Value ◽

The Public ◽

The Government ◽

Business Practitioners ◽

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the latest issue that must be observed by business people in carrying out their business processes from raw materials to the end consumers who have implemented CSR properly. And, the company must promote superior products that its produces are environmentally friendly and do not damage the environment. Investors will see the technical and fundamental analyses of the company whether they have implemented regulations and government policies in producing their products, and then buy shares from the company because they have confidence that companies that implement CSR will increase the company’s value and have a good brand image so that the market responds positively. As well as the roles of government and society as regulators of laws, and the public who observe the implementation of CSR must be responsive and must inform if there are violations committed by business practitioners against CSR. Based on the analysis by the author, it turns out that CSR has no effect on company’s value as measured by the price-to-book value (PBV). CSR implemented based on the GRI G4 is still below 50% of the 79 items that must be disclosed in the financial statements, which means that the company has not fully implemented CSR based on GRI G4 in its business processes, which obtained an average of 41.45%; but there are those who have applied it close to 100%, namely, PT Timah (Pesero) Tbk with an average CSR of 89.62%. But the PBV is low at 1.55. In contrast, PT Unilever Indonesia CSR is at an average of 41.43% but the PBV is 46.09, meaning that in this study CSR has no effect on firm value. CSR is implemented by companies not because of the awareness of the company or its responsibilities but only because of regulations issued by the government in order to complete and manage permits obtained easily.

Testing the Effectiveness of CSR Dimensions for Small Business Entrepreneurs

Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity ◽

10.3390/joitmc7010006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Nor Hadi ◽

Udin Udin

Keyword(s):

Small Business ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Low Cost ◽

Mining Area ◽

Production Equipment ◽

Loan Terms ◽

The Government ◽

Contract Implementation ◽

This article is intended to empirically test the effectiveness of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) dimension of assistance to Small Business Entrepreneurs (SMEs) under companies’ guidance of Semen Indonesia in Central and East Java. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) implementation for Small Business Entrepreneurs (SMEs), besides as a social contract implementation, is also an effort to increase legitimacy. This study is essential to obtain effective and relevant CSR dimensions recommended for the SME empowering program. The study was conducted at SMEs domiciled around the mining area and the cement factory. Out of 250 SMEs, 92 SMEs were involved in this study. The research data was primary, including respondents’ opinions, where the data were taken using survey and interview procedures. Data analysis using statistics was a factorial analysis. The results showed that of the eight programs included in CSR in the field of assistance for empowering SMEs, two were effective for empowering SMEs: (1) low-cost revolving funds and (2) production equipment assistance for SMEs. Meanwhile, six other CSR programs showed ineffectiveness: (1) mentoring, (2) marketing, (3) ease of procedure and relief of loan terms, (4) education and training, (5) accessibility of obtaining loans, and (6) the involvement of parties in the implementation of CSR. It indicated that the six CSR programs were not effective in helping to build image and legitimacy. The results of the research make an important contribution to the government and corporations and show that the construction of CSR programs must give attention to the real conditions and needs of SMEs in order to achieve effectiveness in solving problems by SMEs. Especially for the government, regulations are needed that can systemically encourage companies to implement CSR. This research still has limitations, therefore further research should be developed, especially in the area of empirical testing related to the contextual dimensions of CSR that are relevant to assisted stakeholders. Development-based research should be considered.

Corporate Profit Tax and Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility Under Foreign Acquisition

The B E Journal of Theoretical Economics ◽

10.1515/bejte-2020-0028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Lili Xu ◽

Sang-Ho Lee

Keyword(s):

Nash Equilibrium ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Corporate Tax ◽

Government Grants ◽

Corporate Profit ◽

Foreign Acquisition ◽

Strategic Csr ◽

The Government ◽

Abstract This study investigates government public policies facing competing firms’ strategic corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and finds that the choice of CSR crucially depends on corporate profit tax. We demonstrate that strategic CSR decreases while social welfare increases with corporate tax. When the government grants uniform output subsidies, we show that bilateral CSR leads to a lower CSR level than under unilateral CSR but bilateral CSR is always beneficial to society. However, when the government grants discriminatory output subsidies which yield different levels of unilateral CSR, we show that domestic CSR leads to a lower CSR level than under foreign CSR. In an endogenous CSR choice game, domestic CSR (no CSR) is a Nash equilibrium when corporate tax is low (high) under the uniform subsidy, while foreign CSR could be a Nash equilibrium when corporate tax is low under the discriminatory subsidy.

Impact of strategic management, corporate social responsibility on firm performance in the post mandate period: evidence from India

International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

10.1186/s40991-020-00052-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nayan Mitra

Keyword(s):

Firm Performance ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Strategic Management ◽

Emerging Economies ◽

Brand Building ◽

The Government ◽

To Come ◽

Key Aspects ◽

AbstractCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is like a chameleon, that changes its colour according to the context it is in. In the developed economy, it takes the form of sustainability and/ or philanthropy, whereas, in emerging economies, it speaks the language of religious, political and/ or mandated CSR. India, in recent times came into the limelight with its mandated CSR policy that was incorporated into its Companies Act 2013, which became operational from the financial year 2014 - 2015. Mandated CSR is thus a new area of study that is based on the philosophy that ‘CSR should contribute to the national agenda in emerging economies,’ under some statutory guidelines as laid down by the Government.But, business houses, do look for maximising its profit. Profit can be financial and/ or non-financial. If not money, then at least the effort must be compensated with reputation, image, that helps in brand building! And, to have this as an objective, their efforts should be strategic! But, does all strategies work? With these questions and conceptual thinking, this empirical research aims to identify the key aspects of Strategic Management, CSR and Firm Performance and establish relationship between them; apart from developing a valid and reliable scale to do so. This is indeed one of the first researches and documentations done among the large Indian firms in India immediately in the post mandate period and thus forms a base for understanding the CSR dynamics in the years to come.

A Dynamic Stackelberg Game of Supply Chain for a Corporate Social Responsibility

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society ◽

10.1155/2017/8656174 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Massimiliano Ferrara ◽

Mehrnoosh Khademi ◽

Mehdi Salimi ◽

Somayeh Sharifi

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Supply Chains ◽

Equilibrium Point ◽

Stackelberg Game ◽

Dynamic Game ◽

Supply Chain Performance ◽

Information Structures ◽

In this paper, we establish a dynamic game to allocate CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) to the members of a supply chain. We propose a model of a supply chain in a decentralized state which includes a supplier and a manufacturer. For analyzing supply chain performance in decentralized state and the relationships between the members of the supply chain, we formulate a model that crosses through multiperiods with the help of a dynamic discrete Stackelberg game which is made under two different information structures. We obtain an equilibrium point at which both the profits of members and the level of CSR taken up by supply chains are maximized.

State-Mediated Globalization Processes and the Adoption of Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting in China

Management and Organization Review ◽

10.1017/mor.2016.55 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 167-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Christopher Marquis ◽

Juelin Yin ◽

Dongning Yang

Keyword(s):

Social Responsibility ◽

Political Legitimacy ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Political Processes ◽

Csr Reporting ◽

Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting ◽

Global Norms ◽

The Government ◽

ABSTRACTDespite the prevalence of global diffusion, little is known about the processes by which international practices are adopted and adapted within organizations around the world. Through our qualitative research on the introduction of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting at two leading Chinese companies, we identify a unique set of political mechanisms that we labelstate-mediated globalization, whereby powerful nation-state actors influence the ways in which corporations adopt and adapt global norms and practices. We find that businesses’ needs for political legitimacy from a key stakeholder, in this case the government, leads them to deviate systematically from the global practice in bothformandcontent. These intentional practice adaptations are then legitimized by the government to createinternationalization toolsandlocalized standardsto aid adoption by other organizations. Our findings illustrate previously unidentified mechanisms by which powerful stakeholders such as the Chinese government may mediate, and thereby direct, the ways in which corporations adopt and adapt global CSR practices. Contributions to understanding the political processes of institutional translation in the context of globalization are discussed.

Mandatory corporate social responsibility in India: reporting reality, issues and way forward

Meditari Accountancy Research ◽

10.1108/medar-11-2020-1063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Pawan Taneja ◽

Ameeta Jain ◽

Mahesh Joshi ◽

Monika Kansal

Keyword(s):

Social Responsibility ◽

Mandatory Reporting ◽

Content Type ◽

Csr Reporting ◽

Reporting Requirements ◽

Expectation Gap ◽

The Government ◽

Corporate Social ◽

The Impact

Purpose Since 2013, the Indian Companies Act Section 135 has mandated corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting by Indian central public sector enterprises (CPSEs). CSR reporting is regulated by multiple Government of India ministerial agencies, each requiring different formats and often different data. This study aims to understand the impact of these multiple regulatory bodies on CSR reporting by Indian CPSEs; evaluate the expectation gap between regulators and the regulated; and investigate the compliance burden on CPSEs. Design/methodology/approach An interview-based approach was adopted to evaluate the perspectives of both regulators and regulated CPSEs on the impact of the new regulations on CSR reporting quality. The authors use the lens of institutional theory to analyse the findings. Findings Driven by coercive institutional pressures, CPSEs are overburdened with myriad reporting requirements, which significantly negatively impact CPSEs’ financial and human resources and the quality of CSR activity and reports. It is difficult for CPSEs to assess the actual impact of their CSR activities due to overlapping with activities of the government/other institutions. The perceptions of regulators and the regulated are divergent: the regulators expect CPSEs to select more impactful CSR projects to comply with mandatory reporting requirements. Originality/value The findings of this study emphasise the need for meaningful dialogue between regulators and the regulated to reduce the expectation gap and establish a single regulatory authority that will ensure that the letter and spirit of the law are followed in practice and not just according to a tick-box approach.

Corporate social responsibility disclosure on the websites of coffee chains in Turkey

International Journal of Organizational Analysis ◽

10.1108/ijoa-12-2019-1964 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Petek Tosun

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Public Attention ◽

Content Type ◽

The Public ◽

The Social ◽

Csr Disclosure ◽

Social And Environmental Responsibilities ◽

Purpose Coffee is among the primary products that attract the public attention to the social and environmental responsibilities of companies. Coffee shops have a big carbon footprint because of their daily operations. With the rising consciousness about sustainability in developing countries, online disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is becoming increasingly important for not only multinational but also local coffee chains. The purpose of this study is to analyze the extent to which coffee chains include CSR on their websites. Design/methodology/approach Turkey, which is a large emerging economy with an expanding coffee chain market, is selected as the research context. The CSR disclosure on the websites of coffee chains is examined by content analysis according to CSR dimensions. A sample of 27 coffee chains with more than ten stores is included in the analysis. Findings Foreign coffee chains disclose more information on the environment and fair trade than local coffee chains. On the other hand, CSR content in websites of foreign and local coffee chains does not differ significantly in human resources and community dimensions. Foreign coffee chains have comparatively longer brand history, more rooted brands and larger networks than local coffee chains. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first that used a content analysis about CSR on the websites of coffee chains in Turkey. Findings contribute to the understanding of CSR disclosure in the coffee chain industry and can be beneficial for researchers and managers in other emerging markets.

Integrating corporate social responsibility into efforts to realize millennium development goals

World Journal of Entrepreneurship Management and Sustainable Development ◽

10.1108/wjemsd-09-2013-0051 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 314-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David Katamba ◽

Cedric Marvin Nkiko ◽

Charles Tushabomwe-Kazooba ◽

Sulayiman Babiiha Mpisi ◽

Imelda Kemeza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Responsibility ◽

Millennium Development Goals ◽

Participant Observation ◽

Theory Approach ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Content Type ◽

Development Goals ◽

The Government ◽

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present corporate social responsibility (CSR) as an alternative roadmap to accelerating realization of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Uganda, even after 2015. Design/methodology/approach – Using a mixed research methodology, this research documented CSR activities of 16 companies operating in Uganda. Data collection was guided by quantitative and qualitative methodologies (semi-structured interviews with CSR managers, plus non-participant observation of CSR activities and projects linked with MDGs). Triangulation was used to ensure credibility and validity of the results. For data analysis, the authors followed a three-stepwise process, which helped to develop a framework within which the collected data could be analyzed. For generalization of the findings, the authors were guided by the “adaptive theory approach”. Findings – Uganda will not realize any MDGs by 2015. However, CSR activities have the potential to contribute to a cross-section of various MDGs that are more important and relevant to Uganda when supported by the government. If this happens, realization of the MDGs is likely to be stepped up. CSR's potential contributions to the MDGs were found to be hindered by corruption and cost of doing business. Lastly, MDG 8 and MDG 3 were perceived to be too ambiguous to be integrated into company CSR interventions, and to a certain extent were perceived to be carrying political intentions which conflict with the primary business intentions of profit maximization. Practical implications – Governments in developing countries that are still grappling with the MDGs can use this research when devising collaborations with private-sector companies. These documented CSR activities that contribute directly to specific MDGs can be factored into the priority public-private partnership arrangements. Private companies can also use these findings to frame their stakeholder engagement, especially with the government and also when setting CSR priorities that significantly contribute to sustainable development. Originality value – This research advances the “Post-2015 MDG Development Agenda” suggested during the United Nations MDG Summit in 2010, which called for academic and innovative contributions on how MDGs can be realized even after 2015.