Do transparency mechanisms reduce government corruption? A meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 002085232110332
Author(s):  
Can Chen ◽  
Sukumar Ganapati
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Fiscal Transparency ◽  
Government Corruption ◽  
Small Effect Size

This article presents a meta-analysis of empirical studies to examine the role of transparency mechanisms for curbing corruption. The analysis reveals that transparency has an overall significant, though small, effect size in reducing corruption. Transparency is more effective for reducing subjective than objective corruption measures. While legal transparency mechanisms with freedom of information laws are important, fiscal transparency and e-transparency play a stronger role in fighting government corruption. Accountability and publicity add to transparency mechanisms for reducing corruption. Points for practitioners This meta-analysis study confirms a significantly negative association between transparency and corruption. Transparency advocates can champion transparency mechanisms as significant tools for reducing corruption. Different transparency mechanisms and good governance mechanisms are needed to reinforce transparency for reducing corruption.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis of the literature on climate change and migration

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-52
Author(s):  
Michel Beine ◽  
Lionel Jeusette
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Displacement Effect ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
And Migration

Abstract Recent surveys of the literature on climate change and migration emphasize the important diversity of outcomes and approaches of the empirical studies. In this paper, we conduct a meta-analysis in order to investigate the role of the methodological choices of these empirical studies in finding some particular results concerning the role of climatic factors as drivers of human mobility. We code 51 papers representative of the literature in terms of methodological approaches. This results in the coding of more than 85 variables capturing the methodology of the main dimensions of the analysis at the regression level. These dimensions include authors' reputation, type of mobility, measures of mobility, type of data, context of the study, econometric methods, and last but not least measures of the climatic factors. We look at the influence of these characteristics on the probability of finding any effect of climate change, a displacement effect, an increase in immobility, and evidence in favor of a direct vs. an indirect effect. Our results highlight the role of some important methodological choices, such as the frequency of the data on mobility, the level of development, the measures of human mobility and of the climatic factors as well as the econometric methodology.

Meta-Analysis Study on the Role of Bone-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Polymorphism in Parkinson's Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Mariani ◽  
Mariacarla Ventriglia ◽  
Illaria Simonelli ◽  
Serena Bucossi ◽  
Mariacristina Siotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Val66met Polymorphism ◽  
Analysis Study

Impairments in facial affect recognition associated with autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 933-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah M. Lozier ◽  
John W. Vanmeter ◽  
Abigail A. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Cognitive Intelligence ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Face Emotion Recognition

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by social impairments, including inappropriate responses to affective stimuli and nonverbal cues, which may extend to poor face-emotion recognition. However, the results of empirical studies of face-emotion recognition in individuals with ASD have yielded inconsistent findings that occlude understanding the role of face-emotion recognition deficits in the development of ASD. The goal of this meta-analysis was to address three as-yet unanswered questions. Are ASDs associated with consistent face-emotion recognition deficits? Do deficits generalize across multiple emotional expressions or are they limited to specific emotions? Do age or cognitive intelligence affect the magnitude of identified deficits? The results indicate that ASDs are associated with face-emotion recognition deficits across multiple expressions and that the magnitude of these deficits increases with age and cannot be accounted for by intelligence. These findings suggest that, whereas neurodevelopmental processes and social experience produce improvements in general face-emotion recognition abilities over time during typical development, children with ASD may experience disruptions in these processes, which suggested distributed functional impairment in the neural architecture that subserves face-emotion processing, an effect with downstream developmental consequences.

scholarly journals Inverse Association between Prediagnostic IgE Levels and the Risk of Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Ma ◽  
Lei Cao ◽  
Jianping Zhao ◽  
Xing Ming ◽  
Ming Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Total Ige

An inverse association between allergic conditions and glioma risk has been suggested in many epidemiological studies. However, the evidence is inadequate to draw robust conclusions for the association between prediagnostic IgE levels and brain tumors risk. The aim of this study was to provide more precise estimates for this association by meta-analysis of all published studies. Overall, 8 individual studies with 2,461 cases and 3,934 controls were included in our study. A decreased risk of brain tumors (RR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.61–0.86,P<0.001) was observed in relation to elevated level of total IgE. The negative association was significant between elevated total IgE level and the risk of glioma (RR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.62–0.88,P=0.001). However, no significant relationship was demonstrated between testing positive for respiratory allergen-specific IgE and brain tumors risk. In addition, the role of prediagnostic IgE levels in brain tumors risk did not alter in men and women. The present study suggests that increased level of total prediagnostic IgE but not respiratory allergen-specific IgE plays a protective role in brain tumors risk, glioma in particular. More studies are warranted for further elucidation of the meningioma risk related to prediagnostic IgE levels.

scholarly journals The Role of Mother in Informing Girls About Puberty: A Meta-Analysis Study

2016 ◽  
Vol Inpress (Inpress) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Sooki ◽  
Mohammad Shariati ◽  
Reza Chaman ◽  
Ahmad Khosravi ◽  
Mohammad Effatpanah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Analysis Study

Corporate social performance in family firms: a meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Canavati
Keyword(s):  
Family Firms ◽  
Corporate Social Performance ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Empirical studies provide conflicting conclusions regarding the corporate social performance (CSP) of family firms. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the existing empirical evidence and examine the potential role of research design and contextual factors. Design/methodology/approach A meta-analysis of existing empirical studies was performed to examine the role of sampling, measurement and contextual factors in explaining the different and often conflicting results of empirical studies in the family business literature. Findings The overall relationship between family firms and CSP is positive. The relationship between family firms and CSP is positive for private family firms but is negative for public family firms. The relationship between family firms and CSP is positive when family involvement includes both family ownership and management as opposed to only family ownership or family management. Private family firms care more and public family firms care less about the community, environment, and employees than private and public nonfamily firms. The relationship between family firms and CSP is stronger in institutional environments with weak labor and corporate governance regulatory frameworks. Research limitations/implications The operationalization of both the family firm and CSP constructs significantly predicts the magnitude and direction of the relationship between family firms and CSP. Practical implications Family firms should become more skilled at measuring and disseminating information about the firm’s CSP. Family firms should work to improve public perceptions about the CSP of family firms. Social implications Policy should encourage family firms to remain privately owned by the family. Policy should also incentivize the involvement of family owners in the management of family firms. Originality/value Although several literature reviews address the relationship between family firms and CSP, this is the first review to use the meta-analysis method. The authors contribute to the family business literature by analyzing how differences in study-, firm- and country-level factors can explain some of the variance in the results of the studies in the literature.

scholarly journals The Impact of Self-assessment on Academic Performance: A Meta-analysis Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1151-1166
Author(s):  
Pınar Karaman
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
External Feedback ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

This meta-analysis study synthesizing the results of experimental and quasi experimental studies examined the effects of self-assessment interventions on student academic performance from primary education to higher education. A total of 16 studies with 46 effect sizes involving more than 7,650 participants were included in the analysis. Research synthesis showed that an overall small influence of self-assessment interventions on academic performance (g=.37, p .05). Additionally, moderator analysis was used to examine moderating effects of some variables. The analysis indicated that traditional self-assessment interventions without external feedback have significantly a larger effect (g =.47, p.05) than self-assessment with external feedback (g=.28, p.05) on academic performance. However, effectiveness of other moderating variables (e.g. education level, assessment criteria type, self-assessment training) on academic performance were not statistically significant. The results suggest that further empirical studies are needed to reveal the moderating effects of self-assessment.

Media and Democracy: Is Conventional Media Performing the Role of the Fourth Estate of the Realm?

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Eyitayo Francis Adanlawo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
New Media ◽  
News Media ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Democratic Society ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Fourth Estate ◽  
Published Research

Arguments have emanated on the roles of conventional media in the strengthening of democracy, good governance, and human development in a democratic society. This study discussed and evaluated the conventional media role as the "fourth estate of the realm" by functioning as defenders, watchdogs and providers of accurate information in a democratic society. Social Responsibility Theory, a version of free press theory, was used to underpin the study by providing examples of how the media's actions can affect a democratic society. The study adopted a meta-analysis approach by reviewing numerous published research studies to clarify the role of conventional media as the fourth estate. The content analysis of the reviewed literature revealed that conventional news media roles as check and balance, watch-dogs and adversary have been jeopardised. New media is now strengthened with the ability to displace conventional media as "the fourth estate".

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