Pulp Healing and Regeneration

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Pulp Regeneration ◽  
Reparative Dentin ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Molecules ◽  
Pulp Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Dentin Formation

Differences between pulp repair and regeneration guide different strategic options. After mild carious dentin lesions, odontoblasts and Hoehl’s cells are implicated in the formation of reactionary dentin. Reparative dentin formation and/or pulp regeneration after partial degradation is under the control of pulp progenitors. A series of questions arise from recent researches on tissue engineering. In this series of questions, we compare the therapeutic potential of pluripotent embryonic and adult stem cells, both being used in cell-based dental therapies. Crucial questions arise on the origin of stem cells and the localization of niches of progenitors in adult teeth. Circulating progenitor cells may also be candidate for promoting pulp regeneration. Then, we focus on strategies allowing efficient progenitors recruitment. Along this line, we compare the potential of embryonic stem cells versus adult stem cells. Re-programming adult pulp cells to become induced pluripotent stem cells constitute another option. Genes, transcription factors and growth factors may be used to stimulate the differentiation cascade. Extracellular matrix molecules or some bioactive specific domains after enzymatic cleavage may also contribute to the formation of an artificial pulp and ultimately to its mineralization.

Types of Stem Cells Used in US-Based Clinical Trials between 1999 and 2014

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 169-191
Author(s):  
Emma E. Redfield ◽  
Erin K. Luciano ◽  
Monica J. Sewell ◽  
Lucas A. Mitzel ◽  
Isaac J. Sanford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Us ◽  
Health Database ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

This study looks at the number of clinical trials involving specific stem cell types. To our knowledge, this has never been done before. Stem cell clinical trials that were conducted at locations in the US and registered on the National Institutes of Health database at ‘clinicaltrials.gov’ were categorized according to the type of stem cell used (adult, cancer, embryonic, perinatal, or induced pluripotent) and the year that the trial was registered. From 1999 to 2014, there were 2,357 US stem cell clinical trials registered on ‘clinicaltrials.gov,’ and 89 percent were from adult stem cells and only 0.12 percent were from embryonic stem cells. This study concludes that embryonic stem cells should no longer be used for clinical study because of their irrelevance, moral questions, and induced pluripotent stem cells.

scholarly journals Cardiac Regeneration After Myocardial Infarction: an Approachable Goal

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Giacca
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cardiac Regeneration ◽  
Myocardial Tissue ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Large Animals

Abstract Purpose of Review Until recently, cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction has remained a holy grail in cardiology. Failure of clinical trials using adult stem cells and scepticism about the actual existence of such cells has reinforced the notion that the heart is an irreversibly post-mitotic organ. Recent evidence has drastically challenged this conclusion. Recent Findings Cardiac regeneration can successfully be obtained by at least two strategies. First, new cardiomyocytes can be generated from embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells and administered to the heart either as cell suspensions or upon ex vivo generation of contractile myocardial tissue. Alternatively, the endogenous capacity of cardiomyocytes to proliferate can be stimulated by the delivery of individual genes or, more successfully, of selected microRNAs. Summary Recent experimental success in large animals by both strategies now fuels the notion that cardiac regeneration is indeed possible. Several technical hurdles, however, still need to be addressed and solved before broad and successful clinical application is achieved.

scholarly journals Effects on Wound Healing of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cells Similar to Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Hun Kim ◽  
Jeoung Hyun Nam ◽  
Man Ryul Lee ◽  
Yongsung Hwang ◽  
Eun Soo Park
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Endothelial Colony Forming Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Background: Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) complement the disadvantages of conventional embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells, and have the advantages of simplicity of production and pluripotency. Some recent studies have applied hiPSC in cell therapy.Methods: In this study, we examined the effect of cells similar to cord blood endothelial colony-forming cells (CB-ECFCs), differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells, on angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation in the proliferative phase of wound healing. For cell transfer, we used methacrylated gelatin (GelMA)-co-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) cryogel, which has better bioactivity than conventional hydrogels and excellent mechanical properties and swelling capacity. Two full-thickness skin defects, 0.8 cm in diameter, were made in each of our 12 experimental mice. Wound splinting models were used to prevent contraction of the wounds. In each of the experimental animals, 5×10<sup>5</sup> cells were applied with GelMA-co-PSS cryogel in one of the two wounds, while only a culture medium with cryogel was applied to the other wound.Results: Wound reduction rates in the experimental side showed increases compared to the control side in 3 days, but there was no statistical significance. The histological score was significantly increased (P<0.05), and histologic examination showed that angiogenesis and granulation formation were also increased in the experiment side.Conclusion: In conclusion, CB-ECFCs-like cells differentiated from hiPSCs were effective in promoting formation of angiogenesis and granulation tissue in a mouse wound healing model.

scholarly journals Increased Expression of Cell Surface SSEA-1 is Closely Associated with Naïve-Like Conversion from Human Deciduous Teeth Dental Pulp Cells-Derived iPS Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Inada ◽  
Issei Saitoh ◽  
Naoko Kubota ◽  
Yoko Iwase ◽  
Tomoya Murakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Immunocytochemical Staining ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Human Escs ◽  
Epiblast Stem Cells ◽  
Pulp Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1) is an antigenic epitope (also called CD15 antigen) defined as a Lewis X carbohydrate structure and known to be expressed in murine embryonal carcinoma cells, mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and murine and human germ cells, but not human ESCs/induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). It is produced by α1,3-fucosyltransferase IX gene (FUT9), and F9 ECCs having a disrupted FUT9 locus by gene targeting are reported to exhibit loss of SSEA-1 expression on their cell surface. Mouse ESCs are pluripotent cells and therefore known as “naïve stem cells (NSCs).” In contrast, human ESCs/iPSCs are thought to be epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) that are slightly more differentiated than NSCs. Recently, it has been demonstrated that treatment of EpiSCs with several reprograming-related drugs can convert EpiSCs to cells similar to NSCs, which led us to speculate that SSEA-1 may have been expressed in these NSC-like EpiSCs. Immunocytochemical staining of these cells with anti-SSEA-1 revealed increased expression of this epitope. RT-PCR analysis also confirmed increased expression of FUT9 transcripts as well as other stemness-related transcripts such as REX-1 (ZFP42). These results suggest that SSEA-1 can be an excellent marker for human NSCs.

scholarly journals LncRNAs in Stem Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Hu ◽  
Ge Shan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Special Position ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Functional Mechanisms

Noncoding RNAs are critical regulatory factors in essentially all forms of life. Stem cells occupy a special position in cell biology and Biomedicine, and emerging results show that multiple ncRNAs play essential roles in stem cells. We discuss some of the known ncRNAs in stem cells such as embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, adult stem cells, and cancer stem cells with a focus on long ncRNAs. Roles and functional mechanisms of these lncRNAs are summarized, and insights into current and future studies are presented.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Therapeutic Potential of Human Amnion-Derived Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 970
Author(s):  
Quan-Wen Liu ◽  
Qi-Ming Huang ◽  
Han-You Wu ◽  
Guo-Si-Lang Zuo ◽  
Hao-Cheng Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Human Amnion ◽  
Promising Source

Stem cells including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and adult stem cells (ASCs) are able to repair/replace damaged or degenerative tissues and improve functional recovery in experimental model and clinical trials. However, there are still many limitations and unresolved problems regarding stem cell therapy in terms of ethical barriers, immune rejection, tumorigenicity, and cell sources. By reviewing recent literatures and our related works, human amnion-derived stem cells (hADSCs) including human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) and human amniotic epithelial stem cells (hAESCs) have shown considerable advantages over other stem cells. In this review, we first described the biological characteristics and advantages of hADSCs, especially for their high pluripotency and immunomodulatory effects. Then, we summarized the therapeutic applications and recent progresses of hADSCs in treating various diseases for preclinical research and clinical trials. In addition, the possible mechanisms and the challenges of hADSCs applications have been also discussed. Finally, we highlighted the properties of hADSCs as a promising source of stem cells for cell therapy and regenerative medicine and pointed out the perspectives for the directions of hADSCs applications clinically.

scholarly journals Advances in Stem Cell Technologies for Disease Therapy: A Current Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiya Patel
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Disease Therapy ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
A Current

Stem cells have the capability of differentiating into limitless cell types, alongside the function of exceptional proliferative capacity. There are three main types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). ESCs are highly versatile and hold great therapeutic potential but have great ethical barriers and considerations that are yet to be overcome. IPSCs have become increasingly popular within research as they are not restrained by any ethical issues and do not require approval for their usage. The aim of this review was to expand on the background and therapeutic potential of ESCs and IPSCs whilst linking this to their use within disease therapy with a specific focus on ethics, tumorigenesis and survivability. The analysis found some conflicting results and a delay in the advance of overcoming the problems of tumorigenesis and survivability of stem cells. Both stem cells types have shown good efficacy but do also come with their disadvantages.

scholarly journals The Role of RNA Methylation in Regulating Stem Cell Fate and Function-Focus on m6A

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Weiwei Sun ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Qingli Bie ◽  
Na Ma ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Rna Methylation ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
And Function

The biological role of RNA methylation in stem cells has attracted increasing attention. Recent studies have demonstrated that RNA methylation plays a crucial role in self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity of stem cells. In this review, we focus on the biological role of RNA methylation modifications including N6-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytosine, and uridylation in embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and cancer stem cells, so as to provide new insights into the potential innovative treatments of cancer or other complex diseases.

Advances in stem cells transplantation for the therapy of Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiansi Zeng ◽  
Wenshuo Geng ◽  
Jinjing Jia ◽  
Zhanqi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease and is a major culprit that harms the health of elderly people. The main pathological feature is the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the midbrain. The current mainstream therapeutic strategies include surgical treatment and medicine substitute therapy. However, these treatment methods sometime have limitations. Subsequently, the treatment with stem cells (SCs) transplantation has been gradually established. SCs is a kind of cell with self-renewal ability and multi-directional differentiation potential. Transplantation of SCs, including embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells (neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells) and induced pluripotent stem cells, have the ability to mediate nerve regeneration and restoration within the lesioned midbrain tissue, bringing hope for the treatment of PD. In this paper we summarize the progress in therapeutic strategies of different types of SCs in PD treatment, with an emphasis on the advantages and limitations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document