scholarly journals A Case-Control Study of Fluoridation and Osteosarcoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 1157-1164
Author(s):  
F.M. Kim ◽  
C. Hayes ◽  
S.L. Burgard ◽  
H.D. Kim ◽  
R.N. Hoover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Water Fluoridation ◽  
Community Water ◽  
Community Water Fluoridation ◽  
Control Study

Public health policy decisions in the United States have resulted in 62.4% of the population having access to fluoridated water. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between community water fluoridation and osteosarcoma. A secondary data analysis was performed with data collected from 2 separate but linked studies. Patients for phase 1 and phase 2 were selected from US hospitals via a matched case-control study design. For both phases, cases included patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma, and controls were patients diagnosed with other bone tumors or nonneoplastic conditions. In phase 1, cases ( n = 209) and controls ( n = 440) were patients of record in the participating orthopedic departments from 1989 to 1993. In phase 2, cases ( n = 108) and controls ( n = 296) were incident patients who were identified and treated by orthopedic physicians from 1994 to 2000. This analysis included all patients who met eligibility criteria on whom we had complete data on covariates, exposures, and outcome. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for the association of community water fluoridation with osteosarcoma. A modestly significant interaction existed between fluoridation living status and bottled water use ( P = 0.047). The adjusted OR for osteosarcoma and ever having lived in a fluoridated area for nonbottled water drinkers was 0.51 (95% CI, 0.31 to 0.84; P = 0.008). In the same comparison, the adjusted OR for bottled water drinkers was 1.86 (95% CI, 0.54 to 6.41; P = 0.326). Findings from this study demonstrated that community water fluoridation is not associated with an increased risk for osteosarcoma.

scholarly journals Relation of therapies for ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis to risk of myocardial infarction: a nested case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Stovall ◽  
Christine Peloquin ◽  
David Felson ◽  
Tuhina Neogi ◽  
Maureen Dubreuil
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Risk of myocardial infarction (MI) is elevated in ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis (AS/PsA) compared to the general population. We evaluated the risk of MI related to the use of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) and other therapies in AS/PsA. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study using 1994–2018 data from OptumLabs® Data Warehouse, which includes de-identified medical and pharmacy claims, laboratory results, and enrollment records for commercial and Medicare Advantage enrollees. The database contains longitudinal health information on enrollees and patients, representing a diverse mixture of ages, ethnicities and geographical regions across the United States. Assessing AS/PsA separately, MI cases were matched to 4 controls by sex, age, diagnosis year and insurance type. We evaluated treatment within 6 months prior to MI including NSAIDs (AS referent), disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARDs; PsA referent) and TNFi alone or in combinations. We evaluated the relation of treatment categories to MI risk using conditional logistical regression adjusting for confounders. Results Among 26,648 AS subjects, there were 237 MI cases and 894 matched controls. Among 43,734 PsA subjects, there were 404 cases and 1596 controls. In AS, relative to NSAID use, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for MI among TNFi only users was 0.85 (95% CI 0.39–1.85) and for DMARD only users was 1.04 (95% CI 0.65–1.68). In PsA, relative to DMARD use, the aOR among TNFi only was 1.09 (95% CI 0.74–1.60). Combination therapies also had no effect. Conclusions Among AS/PsA, no combination of therapies appeared to be protective or harmful with regards to MI. Future studies should capture more AS and PsA patients and include longer term follow up to further investigate this question.

scholarly journals Serum Biomarker Signature-Based Liquid Biopsy for Diagnosis of Early-Stage Pancreatic Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (28) ◽  
pp. 2887-2894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda D. Mellby ◽  
Andreas P. Nyberg ◽  
Julia S. Johansen ◽  
Christer Wingren ◽  
Børge G. Nordestgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Serum Biomarker ◽  
Patient Cohort ◽  
Biomarker Signature ◽  
Control Study

Purpose Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival of < 10% because of diffuse symptoms leading to late-stage diagnosis. That survival could increase significantly if localized tumors could be detected early. Therefore, we used multiparametric analysis of blood samples to obtain a novel biomarker signature of early-stage PDAC. The signature was derived from a large patient cohort, including patients with well-defined early-stage (I and II) PDAC. This biomarker signature was validated subsequently in an independent patient cohort. Patients and Methods The biomarker signature was derived from a case-control study, using a Scandinavian cohort, consisting of 16 patients with stage I, 132 patients with stage II, 65 patients with stage III, and 230 patients with stage IV PDAC, and 888 controls. This signature was validated subsequently in an independent case-control cohort in the United States with 15 patients with stage I, 75 patients with stage II, 15 patients with stage III, and 38 patients with stage IV PDAC, and 219 controls. An antibody microarray platform was used to identify the serum biomarker signature associated with early-stage PDAC. Results Using the Scandinavian case-control study, a biomarker signature was created, discriminating samples derived from patients with stage I and II from those from controls with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve value of 0.96. This signature, consisting of 29 biomarkers, was then validated in an independent case-control study in the United States. The biomarker signature could discriminate patients with stage I and II PDAC from controls in this independent patient cohort with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve value of 0.96. Conclusion This serum biomarker signature might represent a tenable approach to detecting early-stage, localized PDAC if these findings are supported by a prospective validation study.

scholarly journals Economic burden prior to COPD diagnosis: A matched case-control study in the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1744-1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manabu Akazawa ◽  
Rachel Halpern ◽  
Aylin A. Riedel ◽  
Richard H. Stanford ◽  
Anand Dalal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Copd Diagnosis ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Water quality, availability, and acute gastroenteritis on the Navajo Nation – a pilot case-control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1018-1028
Author(s):  
Scott P. Grytdal ◽  
Robert Weatherholtz ◽  
Douglas H. Esposito ◽  
James Campbell ◽  
Raymond Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Navajo Nation ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Community Water ◽  
Control Study

Abstract The Navajo Nation includes approximately 250,000 American Indians living in a remote high desert environment with limited access to public water systems. We conducted a pilot case-control study to assess associations between acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and water availability, use patterns, and quality. Case patients with AGE and non-AGE controls who presented for care to two Indian Health Service hospitals were recruited. Data on demographics and water use practices were collected using a standard questionnaire. Household drinking water was tested for presence of pathogens, coliforms, and residual chlorine. Sixty-one subjects (32 cases and 29 controls) participated in the study. Cases and controls were not significantly different with respect to water sources, quality, or patterns of use. Twenty-one percent (n = 12) of study participants resided in dwellings not connected to a community water system. Eleven percent (n = 7) of subjects reported drinking hauled water from unregulated sources. Coliform bacteria were present in 44% (n = 27) of household water samples, and 68% (n = 40) of samples contained residual chlorine concentrations of &lt;0.2 mg/L. This study highlights issues with water availability, quality, and use patterns within the Navajo Nation, including sub-optimal access to community water systems, and use of water hauled from unregulated sources.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for SporadicCampylobacterInfection in the United States: A Case‐Control Study in FoodNet Sites

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (s3) ◽  
pp. S285-S296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy R. Friedman ◽  
Robert M. Hoekstra ◽  
Michael Samuel ◽  
Ruthanne Marcus ◽  
Jeffrey Bender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Considering Shared Chairs in Outpatient Dialysis: A Real-World Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Thadhani ◽  
Joanna Willetts ◽  
Catherine Wang ◽  
John Larkin ◽  
Hanjie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
World Data ◽  
Control Study

AbstractBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted through aerosolized droplets; however, the virus can remain transiently viable on surfaces.ObjectiveWe examined transmission within hemodialysis facilities, with a specific focus on the possibility of indirect patient-to-patient transmission through shared dialysis chairs.DesignWe used real-world data from hemodialysis patients treated between February 1st and June 8th, 2020 to perform a case-control study matching each SARS-CoV-2 positive patient (case) to a non-SARS-CoV-2 patient (control) in the same dialysis shift and traced back 14 days to capture possible exposure from chairs sat in by SARS-CoV-2 patients. Cases and controls were matched on age, sex, race, facility, shift date, and treatment count.Setting2,600 hemodialysis facilities in the United States.PatientsAdult (age ≥18 years) hemodialysis patients.MeasurementsConditional logistic regression models tested whether chair exposure after a positive patient conferred a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection to the immediate subsequent patient.ResultsAmong 170,234 hemodialysis patients, 4,782 (2.8%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (mean age 64 years, 44% female). Most facilities (68.5%) had 0 to 1 positive SARS-CoV-2 patient. We matched 2,379 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases to 2,379 non-SARS-CoV-2 controls; 1.30% (95%CI 0.90%, 1.87%) of cases and 1.39% (95%CI 0.97%, 1.97%) of controls were exposed to a chair previously sat in by a shedding SARS-CoV-2 patient. Transmission risk among cases was not significantly different from controls (OR=0.94; 95%CI 0.57 to 1.54; p=0.80). Results remained consistent in adjusted and sensitivity analyses.LimitationAnalysis used real-world data that could contain errors and only considered vertical transmission associated with shared use of dialysis chairs by symptomatic patients.ConclusionsThe risk of indirect patient-to-patient transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection from dialysis chairs appears to be low.Primary Funding SourceFresenius Medical Care North America; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK130067)

Tap or Bottled Water Consumption and Spontaneous Abortion in a Case-Control Study of Reporting Consistency

Epidemiology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Fenster ◽  
Gayle C. Windham ◽  
Shanna H. Swan ◽  
David M. Epstein ◽  
Raymond R. Neutra
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Chronic Neck Pain and Whiplash: A Case-Control Study of the Relationship between Acute Whiplash Injuries and Chronic Neck Pain

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Freeman ◽  
Arthur C Croft ◽  
Annette M Rossignol ◽  
Christopher J Centeno ◽  
Whitney L Elkins
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Chronic Neck Pain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Whiplash Injuries ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Control Study

The authors undertook a case-control study of chronic neck pain and whiplash injuries in nine states in the United States to determine whether whiplash injuries contributed significantly to the population of individuals with chronic neck and other spine pain.Four hundred nineteen patients and 246 controls were randomly enrolled. Patients were defined as individuals with chronic neck pain, and controls as those with chronic back pain. The two groups were surveyed for cause of chronic pain as well as demographic information. The two groups were compared using an exposure-odds ratio. Forty-five per cent of the patients attributed their pain to a motor vehicle accident. An OR of 4.0 and 2.1 was calculated for men and women, respectively.Based on the results of the present study, it reasonable to infer that a significant proportion of individuals with chronic neck pain in the general population were originally injured in a motor vehicle accident.

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