Drug Use among Juvenile Arrestees: A Comparison of Self-Report, Urinalysis and Hair Assay

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Feucht ◽  
Richard C. Stephens ◽  
Michael L. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Sharp Contrast ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
General Lack ◽  
Heavy Users ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Concentration Levels

Interviews, urinalysis, and hair assay were conducted with eighty-eight juvenile arrestees in Cleveland over a two-month period. Hair assay revealed that fifty of the eighty-eight subjects (56.8%) had used cocaine; concentration levels were generally moderate to high. In sharp contrast, urinalysis results identified only seven subjects (8%) as having recently used cocaine. Crosstabulations of urinalysis and sectioned hair assay results indicate that the two detection methods are in greatest concordance for subjects who were heavy users of cocaine and who used cocaine in the last thirty days (as determined by hair assay). Even for these subjects, however, concordance is modest. The data show that self-reports of drug use yield severe underestimates of the prevalence of cocaine use in this population. Implications of the general lack of concordance of the two testing methods are discussed, especially in terms of intervention.

Drug Use Predictors of Partner Violence in Opiate-Dependent Women

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devon D. Brewer ◽  
Charles B. Fleming ◽  
Kevin P. Haggerty ◽  
Richard F. Catalano
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Methadone Treatment ◽  
Opiate Addiction ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Violence Victimization ◽  
Heavy Users

This paper examines the use of specific drugs as longitudinal predictors of violence between domestic partners in a sample of women in methadone treatment for opiate addiction. Crack cocaine use, use of other forms of cocaine, and tranquilizer use are each modestly to moderately positively associated with partner violence victimization. Women who were heavy users of these drugs were more likely to be hit, slapped, or shoved by their partners than light users or nonusers of these drugs. Three possible explanations of these associations are considered.

The Validity of Self-Reported Opiate and Cocaine Use by Out-of-Treatment Drug Users

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Brooks Nelson ◽  
Lynne Kotranski ◽  
Salaam Semaan ◽  
Karyn Collier ◽  
Jennifer Lauby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Opiate Use ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Risk Reduction Intervention ◽  
Reported Data

The objective of this study was (1) to assess the validity of self-report measures of opiate and cocaine use for a sample of out-of-treatment drug users by comparing self-reports to urinalysis results, and (2) to examine the correlates of valid self-reports. Baseline data were collected from 1,015 out-of-treatment drug users in Philadelphia as part of an HIV risk reduction intervention project funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Agreement rates, sensitivity, and specificity measurements were high, and kappa values were good indicating that out-of-treatment drug users provided moderately valid self-reported drug use. The multivariate analysis revealed that women and younger persons were more likely to validly report opiate use and those who were younger and more educated were more likely to give valid reports of cocaine use. Additional research is needed to better understand differences in the validity of self-reports of opiate and cocaine use and the role that urinalysis plays in influencing the validity of self-reported data.

scholarly journals Inconsistent reports of risk behavior among Brazilian middle school students: National School Based Survey of Adolescent Health (PeNSE 2009/2012)

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandara de Oliveira Ramos ◽  
Martin Daly ◽  
Maria Lucia Seidl-de-Moura ◽  
Rafael Tavares Jomar ◽  
Paulo Nadanovsky
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
School Students ◽  
School Based ◽  
National School ◽  
Self Reports

Abstract: This study assessed the consistency of self-reports of risk behavior (overall and within four specific domains: alcohol use, tobacco use, drug use, and sexual activity) in two editions of the Brazilian National School Based Survey of Adolescent Health (PeNSE): 2009 and 2012. The overall proportion of cases with at least one inconsistent response in the two editions was 11.7% (2.7% on the alcohol items, 2.1% for drug use, 4.3% for cigarette use, 3% for sexual activity) and 22.7% (12.8% on alcohol items, 2.5% for drug use, 4.3% for cigarette use, 4.1% for sexual activity), respectively. Such inconsistency was more prevalent among males, delayed students, those who reported having experimented with drugs, and those who did not have a cellphone. Because inconsistent responses were more prevalent among the students who claimed to have engaged in risky activities, removing inconsistent responders affected the estimated prevalence of all risk behaviors in both editions of the survey. This study supports the importance of performing consistency checks of self-report surveys, following the growing body of literature on this topic.

scholarly journals An Exploration of the External Validity of Self-Report amongst Arrestees

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Patton
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Drug Consumption ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Very High

Self-report validation surveys in the USA focussing on arrestees' self-reports unequivocally demonstrate that they do not validly report their recent drug consumption despite being a highly drug involved group. Like their American counterparts, English arrestees display very high levels of drug consumption. Data used from the NEW-ADAM programme (1998) is used to explore the external validity of arrestees' self-reports to drug consumption in the 3 days prior to interview. Drug consumption in the UK has become a normalized activity among adolescents, young adults and 'clubbers'. Arrestees and young offenders have recently been added to this list. Therefore the normalization of drug use provides an interesting context through which to view the present findings amongst arrestees.

Inaccuracies in Self-Reports and Urinalysis Tests: Impacts on Monitoring Marijuana Use Trends among Arrestees

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Golub ◽  
Hilary James Liberty ◽  
Bruce D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Over Time

Measured trends in drug use can potentially reflect changes in drug use, changes in the accuracy of the measurement instrument, or both. This paper compares marijuana use trends from 1987 to 2001 using self-report and urinalysis data from arrestees interviewed at 23 sites served by the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program. Overall, 60% of the variation in reported use reflected changes in detected use. Most notably, reported and detected use suggested different dynamics to the increase in marijuana use during the 1990s. The growth in detected use started later, increased more, and lasted longer. Several factors appear to have clearly contributed to this divergence between the measures: the percentage of marijuana users that disclosed their activity changed over time, the accuracy of ADAM's urinalysis test increased with time, and the percentage of infrequent users changed over time (urinalysis tests are less likely to detect infrequent users). The paper concludes with recommendations for the careful analysis of marijuana use trends using self-report data, biological data, or both. Trends in cocaine, crack, heroin, and methamphetamine are also considered.

Indirect Assessment of Attitudes with Response-Time-Based Measures

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Degner ◽  
Dirk Wentura ◽  
Klaus Rothermund
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Scale Theory ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Predicting Behavior ◽  
Social Cognitive Theories

Abstract: We review research on response-latency based (“implicit”) measures of attitudes by examining what hopes and intentions researchers have associated with their usage. We identified the hopes of (1) gaining better measures of interindividual differences in attitudes as compared to self-report measures (quality hope); (2) better predicting behavior, or predicting other behaviors, as compared to self-reports (incremental validity hope); (3) linking social-cognitive theories more adequately to empirical research (theory-link hope). We argue that the third hope should be the starting point for using these measures. Any attempt to improve these measures should include the search for a small-scale theory that adequately explains the basic effects found with such a measure. To date, small-scale theories for different measures are not equally well developed.

An Alternative to Self-Reports of Trait and State Affect

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Quirin ◽  
Regina C. Bode
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Factorial Validity ◽  
Artificial Language ◽  
Cognitive Representation ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
State Affect ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Automatic Activation

Self-report measures for the assessment of trait or state affect are typically biased by social desirability or self-delusion. The present work provides an overview of research using a recently developed measure of automatic activation of cognitive representation of affective experiences, the Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test (IPANAT). In the IPANAT, participants judge the extent to which nonsense words from an alleged artificial language express a number of affective states or traits. The test demonstrates appropriate factorial validity and reliabilities. We review findings that support criterion validity and, additionally, present novel variants of this procedure for the assessment of the discrete emotions such as happiness, anger, sadness, and fear.

What Women Say They Want versus What Men Imagine They Do: A new and convenient method reveals novel insights about self-reported vs. perceived preferences

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Pierre Jago ◽  
Karen R. Dobkins
Keyword(s):  
Convenient Method ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Romantic Partner ◽  
Self Report ◽  
New Method ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Potential Partner ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Opposite Gender

To appeal to the opposite gender, previous research indicates that men emphasize their wealth, status, and ambition, whereas women emphasize their physical attractiveness. Such behavior seems surprising given previous surveys in which men and women reported these traits to be less important than others such as trustworthiness, intelligence, and warmth. We addressed one potential reason for any disconnect, which is that men’s and women’s beliefs about what the opposite gender prefers are misguided—according to the opposite genders’ self-reports. Using a new method, we asked participants to both self-report the traits they prefer in a romantic partner and to indicate what they imagine the opposite gender prefers. The results reveal striking discrepancies between what people report wanting in a potential partner and what the opposite gender imagines they want. Additionally, women appear to be better at imagining men’s preferences, and we discuss several reasons why this might be the case.

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