scholarly journals Substance Use, Substance Abuse, and LD Among Adolescents with a Childhood History of ADHD

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke S. G. Molina ◽  
William E. Pelham
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Identifying factors associated with the discharge of male State patients from Weskoppies Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riaan G. Prinsloo ◽  
Andre Swanepoel ◽  
Gian Lippi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

Background: Designated psychiatric facilities are responsible for the care, treatment and reintegration of State patients. The necessary long-term care places a considerable strain on health-care resources. Resource use should be optimised while managing the risks that patients pose to themselves and the community. Identifying unique factors associated with earlier discharge may decrease the length of stay. Factors associated with protracted inpatient care without discharge could identify patients who require early and urgent intervention.Aim: We identify socio-economic, demographic, psychiatric and charge-related factors associated with the discharge of male State patients.Methods: We reviewed the files of discharged and admitted forensic State patients at Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital. Data were captured in an electronic recording sheet. The association between factors and the outcome measure (discharged vs. admitted) was determined using chi-squared tests and Fischer’s exact tests.Results: Discharged State patients were associated with being a primary caregiver (p = 0.031) having good insight into illness (p = 0.025) or offence (p = 0.005) and having had multiple successful leaves of absences. A lack of substance abuse during admission (p = 0.027), an absence of a diagnosis of substance use disorder (p = 0.013) and the absence of verbal and physical aggression (p = 0.002 and p = 0.016) were associated with being discharged. Prolonged total length of stay (9–12 years, p = 0.031) and prolonged length of stay in open wards (6–9 years, p = 0.000) were associated with being discharged. A history of previous offences (p = 0.022), a diagnosis of substance use disorder (p = 0.023), recent substance abuse (p = 0.018) and a history of physical aggression since admission (p = 0.017) were associated with continued admission.Conclusion: Discharge of State patients is associated with an absence of substance abuse, lack of aggression, multiple successful leave of absences and length of stay in hospital.

scholarly journals Meaning-Making of Motherhood Among Mothers With Substance Abuse Problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siu-ming To ◽  
Ming-wai Yan ◽  
Cheryl Danielle Lau
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
History Of ◽  
Situational Meaning ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
And Coping

Previous literature has documented the unique challenges encountered by mothers with substance abuse problems, which may hinder the ability to fulfill parenting responsibilities. Since there is evidence suggesting the engagement in meaning-making processes can help individuals reinterpret their transitions into parenthood and cope with parental stress, this study examined the meaning-making processes of motherhood among mothers with substance abuse problems. Sixteen Hong Kong Chinese mothers with a history of substance abuse were purposively selected and invited to narrate their life and maternal experiences in individual interviews. Based on the meaning-making model in the context of stress and coping, whereby global meaning refers to orienting system of an individual and situational meaning refers to the meaning one attributes to a particular situation, the global and situational meanings of participants related to motherhood and substance use, and their reappraised meanings in response to the discrepancies between global and situational meanings were analyzed. Using thematic analysis, the results showed that when faced with an internal conflict between global and situational meanings induced by substance abuse, most participants engaged in the meaning-making process of assimilation. Rather than changing their inherent parental beliefs and values, most participants adjusted their appraisals toward the situation, and hence made changes in their cognitions or behaviors such as making efforts to quit substance use or reprioritizing their parenting responsibilities. The analysis further revealed that being a mother provided a significant source of meaning to the participants in confronting highly stressful mothering experiences induced by substance abuse. Altogether, the findings suggest that a meaning-making approach may have benefits and implications for helping this population reorganize their self-perceptions, gain a clearer sense of future direction in motherhood, and achieve more positive life and parenting outcomes.

Parental History of Substance Abuse as a Risk Factor in Predicting Crack Smokers' Substance Use, Illegal Activities, and Psychiatric Status

1994 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry D. Caudill ◽  
Jeffrey A. Hoffman ◽  
Robert L. Hubbard ◽  
Patrick M. Flynn ◽  
James W. Luckey
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Psychiatric Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Illegal Activities

scholarly journals The Meaning of Age: In a Context of Eldercare and Substance Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 227-227
Author(s):  
Tove Harnett ◽  
Hakan Jonson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Multiple Failures ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Limit

Abstract Some people age with substance abuse and social problems and several countries provide members of this population with a type of arrangement referred to as “wet” eldercare facilities. These facilities provide care for people who are judged as unable to become sober, in some cases with a lower age-limit at 50 years. The aim of this study was to investigate the meaning of age for judging the fit between the person and the arrangement. The study was based on interviews with 42 residents, 10 case workers and 21 staff members at five facilities in Sweden. Respondents were asked about the relevance of age and if the facility should include younger people as well. Some staff argued that younger people should be excluded since they could not have the history of multiple failures in treatment that was a prerequisite for admission. Regarding the low age-limit, substance abuse was said to accelerate the process of ageing so that a person aged 50 could be considered 20 years older and in need of eldercare. Residents had a tendency to equate age with activity and argued that people below the age of 50 were active and energetic and the inclusion of younger people would lead to disturbance of the calm pace of the facilities. Given that facilities have been described as “end-stations”, it was puzzling that few respondents linked the question of admitting younger person to the matter of giving up ambitions to make the person sober.

Suicidal behavior in a medical professional with comorbid depression and substance use disorder: an educational case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-233
Author(s):  
Drew D. Kiraly ◽  
Leo Sher
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract Here, we publish a report of a previously practicing nurse practitioner who presented to a community hospital with severely depressed mood and neurovegetative symptoms in the context of recent relapse to alcohol and cocaine abuse. This patient had a long history of depression and polysubstance abuse. Additionally, the patient had a history of multiple previous suicide attempts with a high possibility for lethality. All of his attempts occurred in the setting of depression, escalating substance use, and interpersonal difficulties. Due to his chronic struggles with mental health and substance abuse issues, the patient lost his marriage, many close friends, and, eventually, his license to practice medicine. In this report, we highlight the increased risk of suicidal behavior or completed suicide in patients with co-occurring depressive and substance abuse disorders. We also look to highlight the often unmet need of mental health and substance abuse treatment for healthcare professionals. Studies suggest that healthcare providers experience increasing rates of burnout, mood and anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders, but available treatment resources remain scarce. This is a serious public health issue that will require increased vigilance by the community at large to ensure the safety and wellbeing of both patients and their providers.

Assessing Pediatric and Young Adult Substance Use Through Analysis of Prehospital Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 468-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Seaman ◽  
Mathew J. Levy ◽  
J. Lee Jenkins ◽  
Cassandra Chiras Godar ◽  
Kevin G. Seaman
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secondary Hypothesis ◽  
Primary Hypothesis

AbstractIntroductionSubstance use in young adults is a significant and growing problem. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel often encounter this problem, yet the use of prehospital data to evaluate the prevalence and magnitude of substance abuse has been limited.Hypothesis/ProblemThis study evaluated drug and alcohol use through the use of prehospital and EMS data in one suburban county in Maryland (USA). The primary hypothesis was that the type of drug being abused is associated with age. The secondary hypothesis was substance abuse incidence is associated with location. The tertiary hypothesis was that substance abuse is associated with a history of mental illness.MethodsDeidentified patient care reports (PCRs) were obtained during a 24-month period from October 2010 through September 2012 for patients 0 through 25 years of age. Inclusion criteria included chief complaint of alcohol overdose, drug overdose, or the use of naloxone.ResultsThe primary hypothesis was supported that age was associated with drug category (P < .001). Younger adolescents were more likely to use household items, prescription drugs, or over-the-counter drugs, whereas older adolescents were more likely to use illicit drugs. The secondary hypothesis was supported that both alcohol (P < .001) and drugs (P < .001) were associated with location of call. Calls involving alcohol were more likely to be at a home or business, whereas calls involving drugs were more likely to be at home or at a public venue. The tertiary hypothesis was supported that both alcohol (P = .001) and drug use (P < .001) were associated with history of mental illness. Older adolescents were more likely to report a history of mental illness. Chi-squared tests indicated there were significant differences between genders and drug category (P = .002) and gender and current suicide attempt (P = .004). Females were more likely to use prescription drugs, whereas males were more likely to use illicit drugs. Calls involving younger adolescents under 18 were more likely to be at school or the mall, whereas calls involving older adolescents were likely to be at a prison, public venue, or a business.ConclusionAll three hypotheses were supported: the type of substance being abused was associated with both age and location, and substance abuse was associated with a history of mental illness. This research has important implications for understanding how EMS resources are utilized for substance use. This information is valuable in not only the education and training of prehospital care providers, but also for the targeting of future public health interventions.SeamanEL, LevyMJ, JenkinsJL, GodarCC, SeamanKG. Assessing pediatric and young adult substance use through analysis of prehospital data. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(4):1-6.

scholarly journals Mindfulness-based Intervention and Relapse Rates in Adults with a History of Substance Use Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tamieko Ross-Ansayo
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Practice Problem ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Risk Of Relapse

Practice Problem: Substance abuse disorder (SUD) has become an increasingly prevalent community health problem worldwide, affecting individuals in all geographical regions regardless of age, race, sex, and socioeconomic status, despite decades of efforts to find a solution (Bowen et al., 2014). A lack of treatment engagement and substance‐misuse crisis calls attention to the effectiveness of relapse‐sensitive care and treatments. PICOT: The question addressed in this evidence-based project was “ In adults over 18 years of age with substance use disorder (P), how does the effect of mindfulness-based treatment (I), compared with no mindfulness-based treatment (C), reduce the risk of relapse (O), in 3 months (T)?” Evidence: Evidence exists to support that Mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) significantly reduced the incidence of relapse in adult patients with a history of SUD by decreasing symptoms related to substance abuse craving or use. Intervention: Mindfulness-based practice consisting of meditation and mindful breathing exercises, motivational interviewing and relapse prevention cognitive therapy was implemented to reduce incidence of relapse in adults with a history of SUD. Outcome: Findings revealed a less than 15% reduction in incidence after three months of MBI implementation. Conclusion: The results indicate that the reduction in the risk of relapse in adult patients with a history of SUD post implementation was not significantly significant. The reduction also indicated a clinically significant improvement in relapse outcomes two months after implementing MBI.

scholarly journals A Bad Start: The Combined Effects of Early Onset Substance Use and ADHD and CD on Criminality Patterns, Substance Abuse and Psychiatric Comorbidity among Young Violent Offenders

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Malin Hildebrand Karlén ◽  
Thomas Nilsson ◽  
Märta Wallinius ◽  
Eva Billstedt ◽  
Björn Hofvander
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Violent Offenders ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Young Violent Offenders ◽  
Oriented Approach

Substance abuse, conduct disorder (CD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are all known risk factors for developing aggressive behaviors, criminality, other psychiatric comorbidity and substance use disorders (SUD). Since early age of onset is important for aggravating the impact of several of these risk factors, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether young adult violent offenders with different patterns of early onset externalizing problems (here: substance use < age 15, ADHD, CD) had resulted in different criminality profiles, substance use problem profiles and psychiatric comorbidity in young adult age. A mixed-method approach was used, combining a variable-oriented approach (with Kruskal Wallis tests) and a person-oriented approach (with Configural frequency analysis). Overall, this combined approach indicated that persons with combined ADHD+CD and persons with CD + early onset of substance use had a more varied history of violent crimes, a more comprehensive history of aggressive behaviors in general, and more psychiatric comorbidity, as well as more varied SUD and destructive substance abuse in adult age, than persons without ADHD, CD or early SU. Results are in line with previous variable-oriented research, but also indicate that individuals in this group with heavy problem aggregation early in life have a wider spectrum of problems in young adult age. Importantly, among these young violent offenders, problem aggregation was the overwhelming norm, and not the exception, as in studies of the general population. This emphasizes the need for early coordinated interventions, but also that treatment within correctional facilities in adult age needs to be comprehensive and take individual patterns of comorbidity into account.

scholarly journals 2094 Validation of a set of “healthcare trust” scales for women seeking substance abuse treatment in community-based settings

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
Joshua Cockroft ◽  
Deondria Matlock ◽  
Susie Adams
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Abuse Treatment ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Community Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
Abuse Treatment ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To validate previously published psychometric scales capturing interpersonal or healthcare-related trust in a target population of women with a history of substance use disorder seeking substance abuse treatment in a community-based setting. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Participants are enrolled at The Next Door, Inc. (TND) and Renewal House (RH), 2 community agencies in metropolitan Nashville that provide substance abuse treatment and post-incarceration re-entry services for women with a history of substance use disorder. We will enroll 300 participants to provide sufficient power for statistical psychometric validation. Inclusion criteria include adult women with self-identified history of substance use disorder seeking substance abuse treatment within seven days of initiation of inpatient residential or intensive outpatient treatment at TND or RH. Participants complete a one-time online survey comprising a demographics questionnaire, Rotter Interpersonal Trust Scale, Wake Forest Trust in Physician Scale, Revised Health Care System Distrust Scale, 5-item RAND Social Desirability Scale, and Adverse Childhood Events Survey. Participants then individually participate in a modified protocol of the “Trust Game.” Predictor variables for multivariate analysis collected include age, race/ethnicity, gender identification, number of days in current treatment, number of prior substance abuse treatment programs, and number of adverse childhood events. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Each individual scale will be assessed for item analysis, factor analysis, construct validity, content validity, and reliability and compared with general population sample values published in the literature. We will use multivariate analysis to determine the impact of potential predictor variables on specific types of interpersonal or healthcare-related trust. We anticipate having preliminary results to present in April. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Women who seek substance abuse treatment in the community face unique challenges compared to their male counterparts, including higher rates of prior interpersonal trauma, co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses, and more serious physical health problems. Characteristics such as these highlight the need for regular healthcare engagement in the setting of an increased risk of decreased interpersonal or healthcare-related trust. Prior qualitative research demonstrates that trust building is seen as an essential component of care in ongoing substance abuse treatment for women in this population. Validation of psychometric healthcare-related trust scales in a population of women seeking substance abuse treatment in a community based setting will provide a framework for future quantitative inquiry into the impact of healthcare-related trust on health outcomes, healthcare engagement, and treatment retention for this target population. Similarly, it will also facilitate inquiry into the effectiveness of specific treatment programs or interventions on improving therapeutic trust building.

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