Order-of-Entry Effects on Consumer Memory and Judgment: An Information Integration Perspective

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank R. Kardes ◽  
Gurumurthy Kalyanaram
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Order Of Entry ◽  
Pioneering Advantage ◽  
Consumer Memory ◽  
Sequential Information ◽  
Over Time

Several studies have shown that pioneering brands are preferred to later entrants. The “pioneering advantage” is remarkably robust and has been observed across a wide variety of products and contexts. Two longitudinal experiments were conducted to investigate judgmental mechanisms that contribute to this advantage. In experiment 1, the amount of information presented was held constant across brands. Nevertheless, subjects learned more about the pioneer than about later entrants and consequently judgments of the pioneer were more extreme and were held with greater confidence. Furthermore, the pioneering advantage increased over time, especially when subjects were exposed repeatedly to the features of the pioneer. Experiment 2 demonstrated that order-of-entry effects on consumer memory and judgment are eliminated when information about a set of brands is presented simultaneously as opposed to sequentially. Furthermore, the results revealed that sequential information processing benefits the pioneer even when product information is processed incidentally. Implications of the results for understanding and managing order-of-entry effects are discussed.

Affective calculus: The construction of affect through information integration over time.

Emotion ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkin Asutay ◽  
Alexander Genevsky ◽  
Lisa Feldman Barrett ◽  
J. Paul Hamilton ◽  
Paul Slovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Integration ◽  
Over Time

Intelligent design technology of automobile inspection tool based on 3D MBD model intelligent retrieval

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110001
Author(s):  
Qi Cheng ◽  
Shuchun Wang ◽  
Xifeng Fang
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Equipment Design ◽  
Design System ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Model Based

The existing process equipment design resource utilization rate in automobile industry is low, so it is urgent to change the design method to improve the design efficiency. This paper proposed a fast design method of process equipment driven by classification retrieval of 3D model-based definition (MBD). Firstly, an information integration 3D model is established to fully express the product information definition and to effectively express the design characteristics of the existing 3D model. Through the classification machine-learning algorithm of 3D MBD model based on Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), the 3D MBD model with similar characteristics to the auto part model to be designed was retrieved from the complex process equipment case database. Secondly, the classification and retrieval of the model are realized, and the process equipment of retrieval association mapping with 3D MBD model is called out. The existing process equipment model is adjusted and modified to complete the rapid design of the process equipment of the product to be designed. Finally, a corresponding process equipment design system was developed and verified through a case study. The application of machine learning to the design of industrial equipment greatly shortens the development cycle of equipment. In the design system, the system learns from engineers, making them understand the design better than engineers. Therefore, it can help any user to quickly design 3D models of complex products.

Information Processing Differences in Active Versus Passive Person Perceivers

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-215
Author(s):  
Ashley S. Waggoner ◽  
Eliot R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Time Patterns ◽  
Early Information ◽  
Processing Differences ◽  
Passive Person

Previous work has shown that compared to passive perceivers who view preselected information about target persons, active perceivers are less confident in their impressions, do not show increased confidence with increased amounts of information, and like targets less. The authors now explain these findings, postulating that perceivers without control over the amount of information they receive should be motivated to form impressions earlier, altering their information-processing strategies. Study 1 predicted and found that content-only active perceivers who control the content, but not the amount, of information show the same positive relationship between confidence and amount of information as passive perceivers, as well as the same reading-time patterns and level of liking. Study 2 used clearly valenced target stimuli and found support for the hypothesis that passive perceivers form more extreme early impressions, leading to greater liking when early information is positive but less liking when it is negative.

scholarly journals Differential impacts of repeated sampling on odor representations by genetically-defined mitral and tufted cell subpopulations in the mouse olfactory bulb

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Eiting ◽  
Matt Wachowiak
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
Tufted Cell ◽  
Cell Subpopulations ◽  
Genetic Targeting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

AbstractSniffing—the active control of breathing beyond passive respiration—is used by mammals to modulate olfactory sampling. Sniffing allows animals to make odor-guided decisions within ~200 ms, but animals routinely engage in bouts of high-frequency sniffing spanning several seconds; the impact of such repeated odorant sampling on odor representations remains unclear. We investigated this question in the mouse olfactory bulb, where mitral and tufted cells (MTCs) form parallel output streams of odor information processing. To test the impact of repeated odorant sampling on MTC responses, we used two-photon imaging in anesthetized male and female mice to record activation of MTCs while precisely varying inhalation frequency. A combination of genetic targeting and viral expression of GCaMP6 reporters allowed us to access mitral (MC) and superficial tufted cell (sTC) subpopulations separately. We found that repeated odorant sampling differentially affected responses in MCs and sTCs, with MCs showing more diversity than sTCs over the same time period. Impacts of repeated sampling among MCs included both increases and decreases in excitation, as well as changes in response polarity. Response patterns across ensembles of simultaneously-imaged MCs reformatted over time, with representations of different odorants becoming more distinct. MCs also responded differentially to changes in inhalation frequency, whereas sTC responses were more uniform over time and across frequency. Our results support the idea that MCs and TCs comprise functionally distinct pathways for odor information processing, and suggest that the reformatting of MC odor representations by high-frequency sniffing may serve to enhance the discrimination of similar odors.

Mass Customization Management in E-Commerce Configuration with early Supplier Involvement

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Yan Ting Ni ◽  
Jing Min Li ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Jin Yao
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Mass Customization ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Product Configuration ◽  
Customer Requirements ◽  
Generic Structure ◽  
Supplier Involvement ◽  
Configuration Generation

In terms of transforming supply chain into integrated value systems, the benefits of Early Supplier Involvement (ESI) in product development have been widely accepted. As far as variety management and online configuration are concerned, the difficulties of ESI in online mass customization manifest themselves through two main aspects: (1) Support the seamless information integration with respect to its high variety and large volume not only among internal functions but also with external suppliers; (2) Support real-time online configuration for product configuration generation and optimization based on customer requirements and supplier capabilities. Accordingly, this work proposes two potential solutions. PFA-based integrated information model is established to synchronize the PFA generic structure and supplier product information.

Heuristic versus Systematic Processing of Information in Detecting Deception: Questioning the Truth Bias

2009 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Masip ◽  
Eugenio Garrido ◽  
Carmen Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Systematic Information ◽  
Psychology And Law ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Truth Bias ◽  
Systematic Processing ◽  
Detecting Deception ◽  
Detection Of Deception ◽  
Systematic Information Processing ◽  
Over Time

Research on nonverbal detection of deception has normally been conducted by asking observers to judge the veracity of a number of videotaped communications. These video clips have typically been very short. Observers have a tendency to judge most of these statements as truthful. An experiment was conducted in which 52 participants (44 women, 8 men; M age = 22.2 yr., SD = 2.2) who were taking a psychology and law course were requested to make judgments of credibility at different points of the senders' statements. A strong truth bias was apparent when judgments were made at the beginning of the statements, suggesting that when exposed to brief communications, the observers make heuristic judgments. Over time, a decrease in the truth bias and an increase in overall accuracy were found, suggesting that later judgments were increasingly based on systematic information processing. These results suggest that the truth bias that has been found in previous deception research may be a result of having used very brief and uninformative behavioral samples as stimuli.

The Development of Distinct Choice Process Segments over Time: A Stochastic Modeling Approach

1982 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Lehmann ◽  
William L. Moore ◽  
Terry Elrod
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Stochastic Modeling ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Response Behavior ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

This paper examines Howard's (1963) typology dividing decision making into extensive problem solving (ESP), limited problem solving (LSP), and routinized response behavior (RRB). Specifically, the amount of information accessed in a longitudinal experiment is studied. Information acquisition is modeled stochastically at the individual level, and the existence of two segments (LSP and RRB) is tested in a nested-model framework.

scholarly journals ‘The enemy within’: Campaign attention and motivated reasoning in voter perceptions of intra-party conflict

2020 ◽  
pp. 135406882090640
Author(s):  
Carolina Plescia ◽  
Sylvia Kritzinger ◽  
Jakob-Moritz Eberl
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Party Strategies ◽  
Voter Perceptions ◽  
Broad Interest ◽  
Over Time

In spite of broad interest in internal party dynamics, with previous literature relatedly demonstrating that voters are not oblivious to party infighting, very little attention has been paid to the antecedents of voter perceptions of intra-party conflict. This article addresses this research deficit with the support of empirical evidence gathered over the course of the 2017 Austrian national election campaign. The study examines variations in perceived intra-party conflict over time, both across parties and within the same party. We find that although voter perceptions largely mirror actual distinctions in intra-party fighting, conspicuous individual-level variations can also be identified owing to attention to the election campaign and motivated reasoning in information processing. These results have important consequences for our understanding of voter perceptions of intra-party conflict and the role of election campaigns, with potential implications for party strategies during election campaigns.

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