scholarly journals Ketamine alone or combined with midazolam or dexmedetomidine does not affect anxiety-like behaviours and memory in adult Wistar rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Magalhães ◽  
Ana Valentim ◽  
Carlos Venâncio ◽  
Mariana Pereira ◽  
Pedro Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Radial Maze ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Plus Maze

Ketamine administration has been associated with controversial behavioural impairments and psychotic episodes. Even though ketamine alone and in combination with midazolam or dexmedetomidine are frequently used in laboratory animals, the side-effects of such protocols are not well known. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the effects of ketamine alone and in combination with midazolam or dexmedetomidine on emotional reactivity, as well as the effects on learning and memory in adult rats at least 48 h after anaesthesia. The evaluation of the potential influence of 100 mg/kg ketamine administered alone and in combination with midazolam (5 mg/kg), or dexmedetomidine (0.25 mg/kg) on spatial learning and recognition memory was studied in adult Wistar rats using the radial maze as well as object recognition and location tests. The influence of these combinations on emotional reactivity was investigated using the new exploration test and the elevated plus maze. Results showed that ketamine alone or in combination with midazolam or dexmedetomidine affected neither spatial and recognition memory, nor emotional reactivity. These results reinforce the safe clinical use of ketamine and its combinations in rats in a research context since the administration of these anaesthetic combinations did not produce significant changes with regard to spatial and recognition memory or emotional reactivity. Furthermore, these results indicate that the quality of scientific data produced in adult rat neurobehavioural research is not jeopardized by the use of these anaesthetic protocols.

scholarly journals Sensitivity to diazepam after a single session of forced swim stress in weaning Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blandina Bernal-Morales ◽  
Gabriel Guillén-Ruiz ◽  
Jonathan Cueto-Escobedo ◽  
Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa ◽  
Carlos M. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Minimum Effective Dose ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Stressed Group ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Forced Swim Stress

Abstract The present study investigated the sensitivity to stress and diazepam in weaning (21-day old) Wistar rats. A single 15-min session of forced swimming was used to induce anxiety-like behavior. The group that was forced to swim exhibited an increase in anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT) compared to the non-stressed group. Diazepam (1 h before the tests) reduced anxiety-like behavior in rats forced to swim compared to the vehicle stressed group. The dose-response curve for diazepam indicated that the 0.5 mg kg−1 dose (1 h before the EPM and OFT) was the minimum effective dose in reducing anxiety-like behavior without altering locomotor activity in weaning rats. These results indicate that weaning rats can develop anxiety-like behavior after a brief, single session of stress, and that rats at this age are seemingly more sensitive to diazepam than adult rats, which may be taken into account for clinical applications.

scholarly journals Environmental enrichment reduces brain excitability in adult rats overnourished during lactation

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 555-559
Author(s):  
Danielle Viana de Souza Alves ◽  
Mariana Séfora Bezerra Sousa ◽  
Maryane Gabriela Tavares ◽  
Luis Gustavo Carvalho dos Santos ◽  
Manuella Batista-de-Oliveira-Hornsby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Spreading Depression ◽  
Nutritional Condition ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Juvenile Phase ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Brain Excitability ◽  
Adult Rat Brain

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to analyze whether exposure to environmental enrichment (EE) during the juvenile phase of life interferes with the electrical activity of the adult rat brain. In addition, the present research also investigated whether this putative effect on brain electrical activity could be affected by prior overnutrition during lactation. Electrophysiology was measured through cortical spreading depression (CSD), a phenomenon related to brain excitability. Methods: Wistar rats were suckled in litters of either nine or three pups, forming the nourished (N) or overnourished (ON) groups, respectively. At 36 days old, half of the animals from each nutritional condition were exposed to EE. The other half was kept in the standard environment (SE). At 90-120 days of life, each animal was anesthetized for CSD recordings. Results: Overnutrition during lactation caused increases (p < 0.05) in body and brain weights. The EE decelerated CSD propagation velocity regardless of nutritional state during lactation (p < 0.001). The CSD deceleration in the N-EE group was 23.8% and in the ON-EE group was 15% in comparison with the N-SE and ON-SE groups, respectively. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that EE exposure in the juvenile phase of the rat's life reduced brain excitability, and this effect was observed even if animals were overnourished during lactation. An EE could be considered an adjuvant therapeutic resource to modulate brain excitability.

scholarly journals The Effect of Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure on Recognition Memory in Adult Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markéta Fialová ◽  
Jana Šírová ◽  
Věra Bubeníková-Valešová ◽  
Romana Šlamberová
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Novel Object Recognition ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

The use of methamphetamine (MA) among pregnant women is an increasing world-wide health problem. Prenatal MA exposure may cause changes in foetus but the exact effects have remained unclear. The aim of this study is to present the effect of prenatal MA exposure on recognition memory in adult rats. Adult female Wistar rats were injected daily with D-methamphetamine HCl (MA; 5 mg/kg, s.c.) during the entire gestation period. Control females were treated with saline in the same regime. Adult male offspring was administrated acutely by MA (1 mg/kg i.p.) or saline 30 minutes before beginning of an experiment. For testing recognition memory two tasks were chosen: Novel Object Recognition Test (NORT) and Object Location Test (OLT). Our results demonstrate that prenatally MA-exposed animals were worse in NORT independently on an acute administration of MA in adulthood. Prenatally MA-exposed rats did not deteriorate in OLT, but after acute administration of MA in adulthood, there was significant worsening compared to appropriate control. Prenatally saline-exposed offspring did not deteriorate in any test even after acute administration of MA. Our data suggest that prenatal MA exposure in rats cause impairment in recognition memory in adult offspring, but not in spatial memory. In addition, acute administration of MA to controls did not deteriorate either recognition or spatial memory.

Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Volatile Anesthetics in Rats during Postnatal Maturation

2001 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 734-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Orliaguet ◽  
Benoît Vivien ◽  
Olivier Langeron ◽  
Belaid Bouhemad ◽  
Pierre Coriat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Minimum Alveolar Concentration ◽  
Volatile Anesthetics ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Postnatal Maturation ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Breathing

Background Although neonatal rats have become widely used as experimental laboratory animals, minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) values of volatile anesthetics in rats during postnatal maturation remain unknown. Methods We determined MAC values of volatile anesthetics in spontaneously breathing neonatal (2-, 9-, and 30-day-old) and adult Wistar rats exposed to increasing (in 0.1-0.2% steps) concentrations of halothane, isoflurane, or sevoflurane (n = 12-20 in each group), using the tail-clamp technique. MAC and its 95% confidence intervals were calculated using logistic regression and corrected for body temperature (37 degrees C). Results In adult rats, inspired MAC values corrected at 37 degrees C were as follows: halothane, 0.88% (confidence interval, 0.82-0.93%); isoflurane, 1.12% (1.07-1.18%); and sevoflurane, 1.97% (1.84-2.10%). In 30-day-old rats, the values were as follows: halothane, 1.14% (1.07-1.20%); isoflurane, 1.67% (1.58-1.76%); and sevoflurane, 2.95% (2.75-3.15%). In 9-day-old rats, inspired MAC values were as follows: halothane, 1.68% (1.58-1.78%); isoflurane, 2.34% (2.21-2.47%); and sevoflurane, 3.74% (3.64-3.86%). In 2-day-old rats, inspired MAC values were as follows: halothane, 1.54% (1.44-1.64%); isoflurane, 1.86% (1.72-2.01%); and sevoflurane, 3.28% (3.09-3.47%). Conclusion As postnatal age increases, MAC value significantly increases, reaching the greatest value in 9-day-old rats, and decreases thereafter, and at 30 days is still greater than the adult MAC value.

scholarly journals Behavioural Changes in Heterozygous Rats by Gene Knockout of the Dopamine Transporter (DAT)

Biomeditsina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Gainetdinov ◽  
Z. S. Fesenko ◽  
Z. R. Khismatullina
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Dopamine Transporter ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Plus Maze

This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of behavioural indicators in rats with modelled genetic dopamine transporter (DAT) deficiency. Two groups of laboratory animals — heterozygous DAT knockout rats (DAT-HET) and Wistar rats — underwent the “Open field”, “Elevated plus maze” and “Extrapolation deliverance” tests. It is established that DAT-HET rats are characterized by an increased locomotor and research activity along with reduced anxiety and cognitive impairment compared to Wistar rats used as control.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the estrogenic properties of aqueous extracts of Tragia benthamii Baker (Euphorbiaceae) and Graptophyllum pictum (Acanthaceae) and their ability to alleviate some menopausal symptoms induced by ovariectomy in Wistar rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Germain Jean Magloire Ketcha Wanda ◽  
Sefirin Djiogue ◽  
Sosthène Onésiphore Djoussi Njimfo ◽  
Charline Florence Awounfack ◽  
Dieudonné Njamen
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Estrogenic Properties

<p><em>Tragia benthamii</em> Baker (Euphorbiaceae) and <em>Graptophyllum pictum</em> Linn (Acanthaceae) are two Cameroonian medicinal plants traditionally used against female reproductive tract disorders, during and after the reproductive period, and as an abortifacient. Since there were no scientific data supporting the above claims and pharmacological studies characterizing their estrogenic properties, we therefore aimed to evaluate their ability to induce estrogen-like effects on primary estrogens targets, uterine, vagina and mammary gland; as well as their ability to alleviate hot flushes in ovariectomized adult rats. For this purpose, we applied a 3-day uterotrophic assay to determine the estrogenic effects of each extract and the mixture of both plants as used by traditional practitioners. The extracts were administered orally for 3 days to the 10 to 12 weeks aged ovariectomized rats. The results obtained showed that the aqueous extract of<em> T. benthamii </em>at the dose of 500 mg / kg BW, the aqueous extract of <em>G. pictum</em> at all the tested doses as well as the aqueous extract of the mixture  at 275 mg / kg body weight induced a significant increase (p ˂ 0.01) of the uterine epithelium thickness. In addition, the aqueous extract of <em>T. benthamii</em> at the dose of 500 mg / kg BW, as well as the aqueous extract of the mixture at the doses of 50 and 275 mg / kg induced acinar development and eosinophil secretions. These results are proof of estrogen-like effects of <em>T. benthamii</em> and <em>G. pictum</em> and therefore justify the traditional use of these plants. This suggests the presence in these plants, of secondary metabolites with estrogenic properties, can induce cell proliferation, and to correct disorders of post-oophorectomy œstrogénopénia in the Wistar rats and therefore menopausal disorders.</p>

scholarly journals Estrogenic and anxiolytic effects of the decoction of stem bark of Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C.DC (Meliaceae) in ovariectomised Wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Germain Jean Magloire Ketcha Wanda ◽  
Franklin ZEMO GAMO ◽  
Sefirin DJIOGUE ◽  
Charline Florence AWOUNFACK ◽  
Dieudonne NJAMEN
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Vaginal Dryness ◽  
Uterotrophic Assay ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Ovariectomized Adult Rats

<p><em>Khaya anthotheca</em> (Welw.) C.DC (Meliaceae) is a plant used in Cameroon to alleviate vaginal dryness in postmenopausal women and is also known to have anxiolytic properties.This work was designed to evaluate estrogen-like effects of this plant on primary estrogens targets of ovariectomized adult rats, as well as to evaluate its anxiolytic activities in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test. In the 3-day uterotrophic assay, the extract increased (p &lt; 0.01) the size of the vaginal epithelia and stimulated the acini differentiation of the mammary gland. In the EPM test, the extract increased the percentage of number of entries (p &lt;0.05; p &lt;0.01) and the percentage of time spent (p &lt; 0.05) into open arms.Italso induced a decrease in percentage of number of entries (p &lt; 0.05; p &lt; 0.01) and the percentage of time spent (p &lt; 0.05) into closed arms. The extract also induced an increase of total arms entries (p &lt; 0.05; p &lt; 0.01) and rearing (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, there was a decrease of defecation and grooming (p &lt; 0.05; p &lt; 0.01). These results suggest that <em>K. anthotheca</em> is endowed with estrogenic and anxiolytic properties, likely due to the presence of some estrogen-like compounds.</p>

scholarly journals Age-Related Individual Behavioural Characteristics of Adult Wistar Rats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2282
Author(s):  
Sergey K. Sudakov ◽  
Elena V. Alekseeva ◽  
Galina A. Nazarova ◽  
Valentina G. Bashkatova
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Age Related Changes

The aim of this work was to study age-related changes in the behaviour of adult Wistar rats using the open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. Behavioural changes related to motor activity and anxiety were of particular interest. Results showed that as male and female rats progressed from 2 to 5 months of age, there was a decrease in the level of motor and exploratory activities and an increase in their level of anxiety. Age-related changes were dependent upon initial individual characteristics of behaviour. For example, animals that demonstrated high motor activity at 2 months become significantly less active by 5 months, and animals that showed a low level of anxiety at 2 months become more anxious by 5 months. Low-activity and high-anxiety rats did not show any significant age-related changes in OF and EPM tests from 2 to 5 months of age, except for a decrease in the number of rearings in the EPM. Thus, the behaviour of the same adult rat at 2 and 5 months of age is significantly different, which may lead to differences in the experimental results of physiological and pharmacological studies using adult animals of different ages.

scholarly journals Impact of generalized brain arousal on sexual behavior

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 2265-2270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary M. Weil ◽  
Qiuyu Zhang ◽  
Allison Hornung ◽  
David Blizard ◽  
Donald W. Pfaff
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Behavioral Arousal ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Vertebrate Brain ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Initial Activation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Global Brain ◽  
Motivated Behaviors ◽  
The Impact

Although there is an extensive amount known about specific sensory and motor functions of the vertebrate brain, less is understood about the regulation of global brain states. We have recently proposed that a function termed generalized arousal (Ag) serves as the most elemental driving force in the nervous system, responsible for the initial activation of all behavioral responses. An animal with increased generalized CNS arousal is characterized by greater motor activity, increased responsivity to sensory stimuli, and greater emotional lability. Implicit in this theory was the prediction that increases in generalized arousal would augment specific motivated behaviors that depend on arousal. Here, we address the idea directly by testing two lines of mice bred for high or low levels of generalized arousal and assessing their responses in tests of specific forms of behavioral arousal, sex and anxiety/exploration. We report that animals selected for differential generalized arousal exhibit marked increases in sensory, motor, and emotional reactivity in our arousal assay. Furthermore, male mice selected for high levels of generalized arousal were excitable and showed more incomplete mounts before the first intromission (IN), but having achieved that IN, they exhibited far fewer IN before ejaculating, as well as ejaculating much sooner after the first IN, thus indicating a high level of sexual arousal. Additionally, high-arousal animals of both sexes exhibited greater levels of anxiety-like behaviors and reduced exploratory behavior in the elevated plus maze and light-dark box tasks. Taken together, these data illustrate the impact of Ag on motivated behaviors.

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