Wage-Rates, Earnings, and Wage-Drift

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 52-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gillion
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
The United Kingdom

This article describes an attempt to establish by regression analysis the form of the relationships which determine wage-rates and average earnings in the United Kingdom.

Financial debt amongst older women in the United Kingdom – shame, abuse and resilience

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Purdam ◽  
Jennifer Prattley
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Real Term ◽  
Financial Problems ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pension Age

Abstract Long-term poverty, precarious employment, low pay, the increased pension age and real-term reductions in welfare benefits, including bereavement allowances, have brought into focus the financial vulnerability of many older women aged 55 years and older in the United Kingdom. In this article, survey data were analysed alongside evidence from observations of debt support meetings and interviews with older women who were receiving debt advice from a support charity. The findings suggest that older women were more likely to have financial problems than older men, particularly those women who were living on low incomes and who were separated or divorced. Following the breakdown of a relationship, many older women were at increased risk of more debt and bankruptcy, particularly those aged between 55 and 64 years and those in routine and semi-routine occupations. Many women had kept their financial problems hidden due to fear and shame whilst bringing up their children and some had been subject to coercive control and economic abuse by their former husbands or partners. It is important that any pension reforms, changes to minimum wage rates, and new divorce and domestic abuse legislation and welfare policies take account of the circumstances of separated, divorced and widowed older women. More financial support and advice needs to be provided to older women facing financial difficulties.

scholarly journals Does Social Trust Influence Charitable Giving for NGOs?

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-191
Author(s):  
Halina Waniak‑Michalak ◽  
Ivana Perica
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of the paper is to find a link between the level of NGOs’ revenues and the trust in non‑governmental organisations (NGOs). We investigate if social trust, as measured by the Charities Aid Foundation, influences their charitable revenues. We analyse the revenues of NGOs in three countries: Poland, Croatia and the United Kingdom. We analyse the change in social trust in these countries and revenues in the years 2013–2017. The design and methodology approach includes a literature review and panel regression analysis. The main results of the panel regression analysis indicate that the amount of donations depends not only on the level of public trust but also on certain external and independent factors. We find that NGOs revenues vary from country to country due to different levels of economic development and wealth of countries. The results also show that apart from demographics, NGOs’ revenues and the donations they receive are also influenced by the philanthropic goal, the numer of years since it was established (the age of the organization) and the financing model. The research limitations include the selection of only a few countries for the analysis. This paper’s originality and value lie in the fact that the problem of low social trust in NGOs is analysed by linking it with the NGOs’ revenues.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Impact of Monetary Easing Policies in Times of a Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Yunpeng Sun ◽  
Mengya Chen
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Event Study ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

This article tests five major economies of the world, United Kingdom, Japan, Brazil, Chin and lastly, India, for the changes in the monetary policy decisions that have been implemented following the Covid-19 outbreak. The assessment was undertaken in the form of an event study analysis, further substantiated with a regression analysis conducted for exploring the significance of CPI and real GDP in predicting the policy interest rates in the economy. The results of the event study analysis presented that the abnormal changes in the interest rates were statistically significant in the case of the United Kingdom, Brazil, and China, while the abnormal changes were found to be statistically insignificant in the case of India and Japan.

Intergenerational Earnings Mobilities – How Sensitive are they to Income Measures?

2009 ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Mohammad Azhar Hussain ◽  
Martin D. Munk ◽  
Jens Bonke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hourly Wage ◽  
Earnings Mobility ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Public Transfers ◽  
Annual Earnings

This article gives various estimates of intergenerational earnings mobility by applying different earning periods, age brackets, and earning components. The methodology enables us to investigate how sensitive results are to different delimitations and, thereby, to make more accurate international comparisons of intergenerational earnings mobility. We find that intergenerational earnings mobility is found to be substantially lower when hourly wage rates rather than annual earnings are used, whether the latter are inclusive or exclusive of public transfers. Moreover, when the same specifications are applied for Denmark as for other countries, we find that intergenerational earnings mobility from father to son in Denmark is on the same level as in Sweden, Norway, and Finland, whereas the intergenerational earnings mobility in all the Nordic countries is found to be higher than in the United Kingdom and the United States.

scholarly journals The impact of changing cigarette smoking habits and smoke-free legislation on orofacial cleft incidence in the United Kingdom: Evidence from two time-series studies

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259820
Author(s):  
Matthew Fell ◽  
Craig Russell ◽  
Jibby Medina ◽  
Toby Gillgrass ◽  
Shaheel Chummun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Orofacial Cleft ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Impact

Background Both active and passive cigarette smoking have previously been associated with orofacial cleft aetiology. We aimed to analyse the impact of declining active smoking prevalence and the implementation of smoke-free legislation on the incidence of children born with a cleft lip and/or palate within the United Kingdom. Methods and findings We conducted regression analysis using national administrative data in the United Kingdom between 2000–2018. The main outcome measure was orofacial cleft incidence, reported annually for England, Wales and Northern Ireland and separately for Scotland. First, we conducted an ecological study with longitudinal time-series analysis using smoking prevalence data for females over 16 years of age. Second, we used a natural experiment design with interrupted time-series analysis to assess the impact of smoke-free legislation. Over the study period, the annual incidence of orofacial cleft per 10,000 live births ranged from 14.2–16.2 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and 13.4–18.8 in Scotland. The proportion of active smokers amongst females in the United Kingdom declined by 37% during the study period. Adjusted regression analysis did not show a correlation between the proportion of active smokers and orofacial cleft incidence in either dataset, although we were unable to exclude a modest effect of the magnitude seen in individual-level observational studies. The data in England, Wales and Northern Ireland suggested an 8% reduction in orofacial cleft incidence (RR 0.92, 95%CI 0.85 to 0.99; P = 0.024) following the implementation of smoke-free legislation. In Scotland, there was weak evidence for an increase in orofacial cleft incidence following smoke-free legislation (RR 1.16, 95%CI 0.94 to 1.44; P = 0.173). Conclusions These two ecological studies offer a novel insight into the influence of smoking in orofacial cleft aetiology, adding to the evidence base from individual-level studies. Our results suggest that smoke-free legislation may have reduced orofacial cleft incidence in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

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