Evidence of an Indirect Effect of Generativity on Fear of Death Through Ego-Integrity Considering Social Desirability

2021 ◽  
pp. 003022282110531
Author(s):  
Holger Busch
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Socially Desirable Responding ◽  
Ego Integrity ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Implicit Associations Test

Recent research has shown an indirect effect of generativity on fear of death through ego-integrity in older adults. The present paper aims at demonstrating that the indirect effect is valid even when controlling for social desirability. For that purpose, participants ( N = 260 German adults) in study 1 provided self-reports on generativity, ego-integrity, fear of death, and social desirability. Analyses confirmed the indirect effect when the tendency for socially desirable responding was statistically controlled. In study 2, participants ( N = 133 German adults) also reported on their generativity and ego-integrity. Fear of death, however, was assessed with a reaction time-based measure (i.e., the Implicit Associations Test). Again, the indirect effect could be confirmed. Taken together, the studies lend further credibility to the extant findings on the indirect effect of generativity on fear of death through ego-integrity.

scholarly journals Social Desirability in Spouse Ratings

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 593-608
Author(s):  
Vaka Vésteinsdóttir ◽  
Eva D. Steingrimsdottir ◽  
Adam Joinson ◽  
Ulf-Dietrich Reips ◽  
Fanney Thorsdottir
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Socially Desirable Responding ◽  
Social Desirability Scale ◽  
External Criterion ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Observer Ratings ◽  
One Year ◽  
Do So

Whether or not socially desirable responding is a cause for concern in personality assessment has long been debated. For many researchers, McCrae and Costa laid the issue to rest when they showed that correcting for socially desirable responding in self-reports did not improve the agreement with spouse ratings on the Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience Personality Inventory. However, their findings rest on the assumption that observer ratings in general, and spouse ratings in particular, are an unbiased external criterion. If spouse ratings are also susceptible to socially desirable responding, correcting for the bias in self-rated measures cannot be assumed to increase agreement between self-reports and spouse ratings, and thus failure to do so should not be taken as evidence for the ineffectiveness of measuring and correcting for socially desirable responding. In the present study, McCrae and Costa’s influential study was replicated with the exception of measuring socially desirable responding with the Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale, in both self-reports and spouse ratings. Analyses were based on responses from 70 couples who had lived together for at least one year. The results showed that both self-reports and spouse ratings are susceptible to socially desirable responding and thus McCrae and Costa’s conclusion is drawn into question.

Self-Reported Physical Fitness of Older Persons: A Substitute for Performance-Based Measures of Physical Fitness?

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke J.G. van Heuvelen ◽  
Gertrudis I.J.M. Kempen ◽  
Johan Ormel ◽  
Mathieu H.G. de Greef
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
And Performance

To evaluate the validity of self-report measures of physical fitness as substitutes for performance-based tests, self-reports and performance-based tests of physical fitness were compared. Subjects were a community-based sample of older adults (N = 624) aged 57 and over. The performance-based tests included endurance, flexibility, strength, balance, manual dexterity, and reaction time. The self-report evaluation assessed selected individual subcomponents of fitness and used both peers and absolute standards as reference. The results showed that compared to performance-based tests, the self-report items were more strongly interrelated and they less effectively evaluated the different subdomains of physical fitness. Corresponding performance-based tests and self-report items were weakly to moderately associated. All self-report items were related most strongly with the performance-based endurance test. Apparently. older people tend to estimate overall fitness, in which endurance plays an important part, rather than individual subcomponents of Illness. Therefore, the self-report measures have limited validity as predictors of performance-based physical fitness.

Implicit associations in eating disorders: An experimental study with the “self-esteem” implicit associations test

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 719-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fronza ◽  
E. Galimberti ◽  
E. Fadda ◽  
F. Fanini ◽  
L. Bellodi
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Implicit Associations Test ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Concept Attribute

IntroductionGreenwald et al. (1998) developed The implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure automatic concept-attribute associations. Several evidences showed that Eating Disorders (EDs) were charactterized by a low explicit self-esteem.ObjectivesThe first aim was the evaluation of implicit self-esteem in a sample of patients with EDs. Second aim was to verify the correlation between implicit and explicit self-esteem, hypothesizing that they could represent two independent constructs.MethodsA IAT modeled to assess self-esteem (Self-esteem IAT) has been administered to 17 Anorexia Nervosa (AN), 14 Bulimia Nervosa (BN), 17 Binge Eating (BED) patients and 32 healthy controls (HC). In IAT, the target categories were represented by the words «SELF / OTHER» and «agreeable / disagreeable». A positive IAT effect suggest a negative implicit self esteem, instead a negative IAT effect suggest a positive implicit self-esteem. Traditional self reports were used to evaluate explicit self-esteem to all participants.ResultsResults showed a significant difference between HC and clinical groups in implicit self-esteem. HC and BED showed positive IAT effect, instead AN and BN shows a negative IAT effect. No correlations between implicit and explicit self-esteem were found.ConclusionResults showed that HC has a much more positively implicit self-esteem compared to clinical samples. An interesting result concerns the absence of any significant correlation between the implicit and explicit self-esteem, that could suggests that the implicit self-esteem is an independent construct respect to the explicit one.

scholarly journals Descriptive consistency and social desirability in self‐and peer reports

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Borkenau ◽  
Fritz Ostendorf
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Socially Desirable Responding ◽  
Personality Inventories ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Peer Reports

In the present study, 300 subjects were administered 20 sets of four trait‐descriptive terms where aspects of content and evaluation were unconfounded (e.g. firm, severe, lenient, and lax). Each subject was also evaluated by three peers using the same sets of four trait terms. Moreover, the subjects responded to several personality inventories and rating scales, and they were also described on these rating scales by their peers. The results showed that the subjects frequently ascribed to themselves or to their peers two favourable trait terms that were descriptively inconsistent (e.g. firm, lenient). A measure of individual differences in socially desirable responding was constructed by summing all desirable responses. Subjects who described themselves in a socially desirable manner were less neurotic and more conscientious according to self‐reports as well as peer reports. Several implications of the findings are discussed, and the present SD measure is compared with several well‐known desirability scales.

Generativity affects fear of death through ego integrity in German, Czech, and Cameroonian older adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Busch ◽  
Jan Hofer ◽  
Iva Poláčková Šolcová ◽  
Peter Tavel
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Ego Integrity

Poor Acceptance of the Past is Related to Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
Gozde Cetinkol ◽  
Gulbahar Bastug ◽  
E. Tugba Ozel Kizil
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Ego Integrity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
Total Death ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Depression in older adults can be explained by Erikson’s theory on the conflict of ego integrity versus hopelessness. The study investigated the relationship between past acceptance, hopelessness, death anxiety, and depressive symptoms in 100 older (≥50 years) adults. The total Beck Hopelessness (BHS), Geriatric Depression (GDS), and Accepting the Past (ACPAST) subscale scores of the depressed group were higher, while the total Death Anxiety (DAS) and Reminiscing the Past (REM) subscale scores of both groups were similar. A regression analysis revealed that the BHS, DAS, and ACPAST predicted the GDS. Past acceptance seems to be important for ego integrity in older adults.

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