Acacia tortilis and Prosopis cineraria: Leguminous Trees for Arid Areas

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Gates ◽  
K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Arid Areas ◽  
Acacia Tortilis ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Leguminous Trees ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Prosopis Cineraria ◽  
Acacia Species ◽  
Arid Conditions

The rapid extension of the world's arid areas – some five million hectares annually – has greatly stimulated interest in the development of agricultural systems sustainable in areas of extremely low rainfall. The possibilities naturally depend very much on local circumstances, but investigation of Prosopis and Acacia species under the severe conditions of the Wahiba Sands of Oman indicates that they have considerable potential under extremely arid conditions.

The Definition of Seasonal Growth Zones in Some African Acacia Species - A Review

IAWA Journal ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D. Gourlay
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Acacia Species ◽  
Small Crystals ◽  
Growth Zones ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ca Oxalate

This paper reviews and summarizes the results of investigations at the Oxford Forestry Institute on the occurrence of seasonal growth rings in the wood of one of Africa's most widely distributed genera in the arid areas, Acacia. The ring boundaries are marked by fine marginal parenchyma containing small crystals of Ca-oxalate. Rings are usually annual and produced in the rainy season. Ring width is related to precipitation and/or minimum temperature. Rooting characteristics of the various species studied influence the type of relationship found.

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial changes in phyllosphere microbiome of acacia trees growing in arid environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Al-Ashhab ◽  
Shiri Meshner ◽  
Rivka Alexander-Shani ◽  
Hana Dimerets ◽  
Michael Brandwein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Acacia Tortilis ◽  
Acacia Species

Abstract Background: The evolutionary relationships and interactions between plants and their microbiomes are of high importance to the survival of plants in extreme conditions. Changes in the plant’s microbiome can affect plant development, growth and health. Along the arid Arava, southern Israel, acacia trees (Acacia raddiana and Acacia tortilis) are considered keystone species. In this study, we investigated the ecological effects of plant species, microclimate (different areas within the tree canopy) and seasonality on the epiphytic and endophytic microbiomes associated with these two tree species. One hundred and thirty nine leaf samples were collected throughout the year and their microbial communities were assessed using 16S rDNA gene amplified with five different primers (targeting different gene regions) and sequenced (150 bp paired-end) on an Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform.Results: Epiphytic bacterial diversity estimates (Shannon-Wiener, Chao1, Simpson and observed number of OTUs), were found to be nearly double compared to endophyte counterparts, in addition epi- and endophyte communities were significantly different from each other. Interestingly, the epiphytic bacterial diversity was similar in the two acacia species but the canopy sides and sample months exhibited different diversity, while the endophytic bacterial communities were different in the two acacia species but similar throughout the year. Abiotic factors, such as air temperature and precipitation, were shown to significantly affect both epi- and endophytes communities. Bacterial community compositions showed that Firmicutes dominate Acacia raddiana and Proteobacteria dominate Acacia tortilis; these bacterial communities only consisted of a small number of bacterial families mainly Bacillaceae and Comamonadaceae in the endophyte for A. raddiana and A. tortilis, respectively, and Geodematophilaceae and Micrococcaceae for epiphyte bacterial communities. Interestingly, about 60% of the obtained bacterial classification were unclassified below family level. Conclusions: These results shed light on the unique desert phyllosphere microbiome highlighting the importance of multiple genotypic and abiotic factors in shaping the epiphytic and endophytic microbial communities. This study also shows that only a few bacterial families dominate both epi- and endophytes, highlighting the importance of climate change (precipitation, air temperature and humidity) in affecting arid land ecosystems where acacia trees are considered keystone species.

scholarly journals A geo-archaeological approach to the study of hydro-agricultural systems in arid areas of Western Syria

2019 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 99-113
Author(s):  
Bernard Geyer ◽  
Frank Braemer ◽  
Gourguen Davtian ◽  
Graham Philip
Keyword(s):  
Arid Areas ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Archaeological Approach

Unexpectedly low δ 13C in leaves, branches, stems, and roots of three acacia species growing in hyper-arid environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphna Uni ◽  
Elli Groner ◽  
Elaine Soloway ◽  
Amgad Hjazin ◽  
Spencer Johnswick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Acacia Tortilis ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Acacia Species ◽  
Δ 13C ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Irrigation Levels

Abstract Aims In plant eco-physiology, less negative (enriched) carbon 13 ( 13C) in the leaves indicates conditions of reducing leaf gas exchange through stomata, e.g. under drought. In addition, 13C is expected to be less negative in non-photosynthetic tissues as compared with leaves. However, these relationships in δ 13C from leaves (photosynthetic organs) to branches, stems and roots (non- photosynthetic organs) are rarely tested across multiple closely related tree species, multiple compartments, or in trees growing under extreme heat and drought. Methods We measured leaf-to-root 13C in three closely related desert acacia species (Acacia tortilis, A. raddiana, A. pachyceras). We measured δ 13C in leaf tissues from mature trees in Southern Israel. In parallel, a 7-year irrigation experiment with 0.5, 1.0, or 4.0 L plant -1 day -1 was conducted in an experimental orchard. At the end of the experiment, growth parameters and δ 13C were measured in leaves, branches, stems, and roots. Important findings The δ 13C in leaf tissues sampled from mature trees was ca. -27 ‰, far more depleted than expected from a desert tree growing in one of the Earth’s driest and hottest environments. Across acacia species and compartments, δ 13C was not enriched at all irrigation levels (-28‰ to ca. -27‰), confirming our measurements in the mature trees. Among compartments, leaf δ 13C was unexpectedly similar to branch and root δ 13C, and surprisingly, even less negative than stem δ 13C. The highly depleted leaf δ 13C suggests that these trees have high stomatal gas exchange, despite growing in extremely dry habitats. The lack of δ 13C enrichment in non-photosynthetic tissues might be related to the seasonal coupling of growth of leaves and heterotrophic tissues.

scholarly journals Hydnora ­arabica (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from the Arabian Peninsula and a key to Hydnora

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 338 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAY F. BOLIN ◽  
DARACH LUPTON ◽  
LYTTON JOHN MUSSELMAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Acacia Tortilis ◽  
Leguminous Trees ◽  
Plant Parasite ◽  
Perianth Tube ◽  
A New Species

The plant parasite Hydnora arabica (Aristolochiaceae) is described from the Arabian Peninsula. This species was previously identified as Hydnora africana in Oman. It can be separated from other Hydnora taxa primarily by its terete rhizome, red to orange inner perianth tube color, and tepal lobe margins entirely covered with dense strigose setae. In Oman, Hydnora arabica is known to parasitize two leguminous trees: Acacia tortilis and the introduced Pithocellobium dulce, but may parasitize additional Fabaceae. At least eleven synonyms or subspecific varieties of H. abyssinica are described in the literature, all from east or southern Africa. These synonyms are discussed in light of new observations of morphology including tepal margin ornamentation. A new key for Hydnora is proposed.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of United Arab Emirates indigenous medicinal plants Prosopis cineraria, Prosopis juliflora and Acacia tortilis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
DuaaSalem Alkaabi ◽  
MayadaElsiddeg Gasmelbari ◽  
NadirA H. Abumukhaimar ◽  
IbrahimM A./Futuh Shandal
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Acacia Tortilis ◽  
Prosopis Cineraria

In situ observation of the martensitic transformation in (Mg,Y)-PSZ

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
R-R. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Applied Stresses ◽  
Kinetics Of

Partially-stabilized ZrO2 (PSZ) ceramics have considerable potential for advanced structural applications because of their high strength and toughness. These properties derive from small tetragonal ZrO2 (t-ZrO2) precipitates in a cubic (c) ZrO2 matrix, which transform martensitically to monoclinic (m) symmetry under applied stresses. The kinetics of the martensitic transformation is believed to be nucleation controlled and the nucleation is always stress induced. In situ observation of the martensitic transformation using transmission electron microscopy provides considerable information about the nucleation and growth aspects of the transformation.

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