The Management of Elderly Prisoners in France

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-571
Author(s):  
Nicolas Combalbert ◽  
Cecile Rambourg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Probation Officers ◽  
Professional Practices ◽  
Prison Staff ◽  
Age Related

Very few studies have examined the mental disorders of elderly prisoners and the difficulties related to their management. For this study, 40 prison workers were interviewed (custodial staff, social workers, and probation officers) to assess staff professional practices and approaches in managing elderly inmates. Findings showed highly ambivalent attitudes to the age-related vulnerabilities of elderly incarcerees, at both emotional and professional levels. Staff attempts to make the incarcerated elderly conform to some four traditional images of the prisoner roles (enemy/citizen/threat/user) may lead some prison staff to use emotional defense mechanisms.

Gender- and power sensitivity, securitisation and social peace: rethinking protection for children exposed to post-separation violence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatana Knezevic ◽  
Anna Nikupeteri ◽  
Merja Laitinen ◽  
Kati Kallinen
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Professional Practices ◽  
Childhood Studies ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Gender And Power ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Mothers Experiences

This article offers a rethinking of protection based on synthesised data from Finland and Sweden on children’s and mothers’ experiences of post-separation stalking, and social workers’ case reports on children risking exposure to gender-based violence after separation. Drawing on critical childhood studies and a feminist approach to violence and security, we ask how children’s everyday lives can be incorporated in a rethinking of protection for children in post-separation contexts. Departing from identified limitations in protective solutions for children, we propose three ways of rethinking the issue of protection: (1) protection as gender- and power sensitivity, (2) protection as securitising the here and now, and (3) protection as social peace. Our findings call for some changes in professional practices, social policy and legislation.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>Protective solutions to the problem of gender-based violence in post separation are limited, if existing at all, for exposed children.</li><br /><li>Orientation towards adults and therapy desecuritise childhoods and children’s social peace.</li></ul>

scholarly journals Nrf2 Dysregulation in Major Depressive and Bipolar Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. e2074
Author(s):  
Maryam Ghanbarirad ◽  
Mehrdad Hashemi ◽  
Seyed Mehdi Saberi ◽  
Ahmad Majd
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Nrf2 Expression

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BPD) are two of the most important mental disorders that greatly impact different aspects of life. These conditions imply heavy health and economic burden and are heterogeneous in nature. Inflammation is reported as the etiology of mental disorders. Nrf2 transcription factor plays a key role in the defense mechanisms against inflammation and oxidative stress. So, this study aimed to evaluate the expression level of Nrf2 in MDD and BPD patients and compared it with healthy control subjects. Materials and Methods: In this study, real-time PCR was conducted to evaluate the expression level of Nrf2 in 100 MDD and 100 BPD patients compared to 100 healthy control subjects. Statistical analysis conducted on GraphPad Prism 8 and SPSS21 included ANOVA, Tukey’s test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and odds ratio. Results: Results suggest a significant downregulation of Nrf2 in these conditions compared to the control group. ROC curve analysis demonstrates Nrf2 as a biomarker of these psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: The elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and downregulation of detoxifying enzymes were observed in MDD and BPD, which can be associated with the downregulation of Nrf2. Concerning its role in inflammatory response pathways, alternation of Nrf2 expression can be associated with the pathology of these conditions.

Across the spectrum: Strategies to improve recognition and treatment of mental disorders in primary care

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria J. Palmer ◽  
Rob Whitley
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
Seeking Help

There is an abundance of published literature documenting the important role of primary care in the recognition, treatment and management of mental disorders. Despite this, general practitioners, nurses, social workers, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and other primary health care professionals remain under acknowledged, and the multidisciplinary team arrangements needed for effective management elusive. Individual and community stigma attached to seeking help has not been removed. This chapter provides an overview of these existing barriers and outlines strategies for implementation to improve recognition and treatment of mental disorders across the spectrum in primary care. These strategies are focused on the delivery of whole person, resulting in integrated and person-centred care.

Trauma- and Stress-Related Issues in the Workplace

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Positive Leadership ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Impact

This chapter explores the impact that trauma and stress have on the workplace, and, conversely, how the workplace impacts trauma and stress. It focuses mainly on the role of physicians but is also applicable to disciplines such as psychologists, social workers, and others. The chapter examines some of the major challenges and opportunities that workplaces—and physicians working in and with them—face with regard to mental disorders, including stress and trauma. These issues include the range of factors contributing to the reduction or exacerbation of mental disorders, providing creative and positive leadership in addressing these issues, and developing a variety of issues to enhancing mental health and preventing mental disorders.

An age-related difference in hyperoxia lethality: role of lung antioxidant defense mechanisms

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. L539-L545 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Canada ◽  
L. A. Herman ◽  
S. L. Young
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Fischer 344 Rats ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Related Difference ◽  
Age Related ◽  
65 H ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Gpx Activity

The role of animal age in the lethal response to > 98% oxygen has been extensively studied, with the observation that neonatal rats were resistant while mature animals were sensitive. Antioxidant enzymes increased during the oxygen exposure in neonatal but not in mature rats, suggesting they were important in the age-related toxicity difference. Because no studies had compared the response of mature and old rats to hyperoxia, we exposed Fischer 344 rats, aged 2 and 27 mo, to > 98% oxygen. Unexpectedly, the old rats lived significantly longer than young, 114 and 65 h, respectively. No histopathological differences were found to explain the results. Of the antioxidants, only glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was higher in the lungs of nonexposed old rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was higher in the young, results opposite those expected if SOD was important in the lethality difference. No antioxidant induction occurred in the old oxygen-exposed rats. These results suggest that although there may be a role for GPx, mechanisms in addition to antioxidant protection and inflammation are likely responsible for the age-related difference in hyperoxia lethality.

The New York City Family Court: A Law Guardian's Overview

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Martin T. Silver
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
York City ◽  
Probation Officers ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Family Court ◽  
Law And Order

The New York City Family Court undertakes supervision of thousands of ghetto youngsters who have not adhered to the dehumanizing regimen imposed on them by public welfare agen cies and whose behavior, except when judged by highly arbitrary standards, is not antisocial. Its policy is to take jurisdiction of nearly any youngster brought before it, on the assumption that the ravages of poverty and injustice can be eradicated by psy chologists and social workers. What happens instead is that youngsters are forced into meaningless relationships with lawyers, probation officers, and judges. Too often, furthermore, the court's services are at the disposal of "law-and-order" men who use psychiatric tests to spot and "preventively detain" youngsters who have not committed antisocial acts.

Juvenile offenders' perceptions of probation officers as social workers in Hong Kong

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing Hong Chui ◽  
Heng Choon (Oliver) Chan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Probation Officers
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