Forced Sexual Victimization Among Youth in Custody: Do Risk Factors Vary by Gender and Perpetrator?

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-172
Author(s):  
Eileen M. Ahlin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Using Data

There is relatively little literature examining risk factors associated with sexual victimization among youth in custody. The current study explored whether risk of forced sexual victimization among youth in custody differs by gender or perpetrator. Using data from a sample of 8,659 youth who participated in the National Survey of Youth in Custody, multivariate logistic regression models were employed to investigate gender differences in risk factors associated with overall forced sexual victimization and staff-on-inmate and inmate-on-inmate forced sexual victimization. Findings suggest that gender differences are more pronounced when perpetrator type is considered.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with stillbirth of piglets born from oxytocin-assisted parturitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2172-2177
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hoai Nam ◽  
Peerapol Sukon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Stillbirth Rate ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different risk factors on stillbirth of piglets born from oxytocin-assisted parturitions. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from a total of 1121 piglets born from 74 Landrace x Yorkshire crossbred sows from a herd. Logistic regression models were used to determine the associations between stillbirth and different risk factors including parity (1, 2, 3-5, and 6-10), gestation length (GL) (112-113, 114-116, and 117-119 days), litter size, birth order (BO), sex, birth interval (BI), cumulative farrowing duration, birth weight (BW), crown rump length, BW deviation, body mass index, ponderal index (PI), and the use of oxytocin during expulsive stage of farrowing. Results: The incidence of stillbirth at litter level and stillbirth rate was 59.5% (44/74) and 8.1% (89/1094), respectively. The final multivariate logistic regression selected BO, BI, PI, GL, and parity as the five most significant risk factors for stillbirth. Increased BO and BI, GL <114 and >116 days, parity 6-10, and low PI increased the stillbirth rate in piglets. Conclusion: Several factors previously determined as risks for stillbirth in exogenous oxytocin-free parturitions also existed in exogenous oxytocin-assisted parturitions. One dose of oxytocin at fairly high BO did not increase stillbirth, whereas two doses of oxytocin were potentially associated with increased values.

What Do Québec Children Eat During Their First Six Months?

2004 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire Lepage ◽  
Jocelyne Moisan ◽  
Michel Gaudet
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Birth Factors ◽  
Primiparous Women ◽  
Breast Fed

Study objectives were to describe the introduction of foods and beverages and the use of vitamin and/or mineral supplements among infants aged six months, and to identify factors associated with following Québec recommendations on introducing foods and beverages. Study subjects were primiparous women interviewed by phone when their infants were approximately six months old. Data were gathered on foods and beverages offered to infants, the age at which these were introduced, and supplements. The use of each food, beverage, and supplement was evaluated according to recommendations. Mean age at which foods were introduced and proportions of women who followed recommendations were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the factors associated with following recommendations. Results indicated that among the 1,937 interviewed mothers, 212 (10.9%) exclusively breast-fed their infants before age four months, 1,073 (55.4%) breast-fed their infants at birth but gave them formula or foods before age four months, and 652 (33.7%) formula-fed their infants at birth. Factors associated with adherence to recommendations were breast-feeding exclusively, being older than 30 years, an annual family income of at least $60,000, and being a non-smoker. Few mothers followed all the recommendations.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the serological prevalence of Salmonella enterica in Greek finishing swineherds

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 599-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. LEONTIDES ◽  
E. GRAFANAKIS ◽  
C. GENIGEORGIS
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Procaine Penicillin

Blood samples were taken from 50 finishing pigs at 90–105 kg in each of 59 randomly selected farrow-to-finish herds. The sera were tested for antibodies to Salmonella enterica by the Danish mix-ELISA. Samples with an optical density of >10% were considered to be positive. Associations between the odds of seropositivity of pigs and possible risk factors were evaluated in multivariable logistic regression models. The results of the analysis indicated that pigs fed non-pelleted dry or wet ration had 11 (P=0·0004) or 9 (P=0·02) times, respectively, lower odds of seropositivity than those fed pelleted ration. The risk of seropositivity was 4 (P=0·0006) times higher in pigs fed a combination of chlortetracycline, procaine penicillin and sulphamethazine during fattening than in those fed an approved growth promotor or a probiotic.

scholarly journals Effect of Distance to Trauma Centre, Trauma Centre Level, and Trauma Centre Region on Fatal Injuries among Motorcyclists in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2998
Author(s):  
Bayu Satria Wiratama ◽  
Ping-Ling Chen ◽  
Chung-Jen Chao ◽  
Ming-Heng Wang ◽  
Wafaa Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Trauma Centre ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Traffic Crash ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
Fatal Injuries

Background: Studies have suggested that trauma centre-related risk factors, such as distance to the nearest trauma hospital, are strong predictors of fatal injuries among motorists. Few studies have used a national dataset to study the effect of trauma centre-related risk factors on fatal injuries among motorists and motorcyclists in a country where traffic is dominated by motorcycles. This study investigated the effect of distance from the nearest trauma hospital on fatal injuries from two-vehicle crashes in Taiwan from 2017 to 2019. Methods: A crash dataset and hospital location dataset were combined. The crash dataset was extracted from the National Taiwan Traffic Crash Dataset from 1 January 2017 through 31 December 2019. The primary exposure in this study was distance to the nearest trauma hospital. This study performed a multiple logistic regression to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for fatal injuries. Results: The multivariate logistic regression models indicated that motorcyclists involved in crashes located ≥5 km from the nearest trauma hospital and in Eastern Taiwan were approximately five times more likely to sustain fatal injuries (AOR = 5.26; 95% CI: 3.69–7.49). Conclusions: Distance to, level of, and region of the nearest trauma centre are critical risk factors for fatal injuries among motorcyclists but not motorists. To reduce the mortality rate of trauma cases among motorcyclists, interventions should focus on improving access to trauma hospitals.

scholarly journals Significant Risk Factors Associated With Stunting for Children Under the Age of 5-years in Malawi: the Application of Proportional Odds Model Using DHS Datasets.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mzwakhe Magagula ◽  
Shaun Ramroop ◽  
Faustin Habyarimana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Proportional Odds ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract BackgroundChild malnutrition is perhaps the one of the main medical condition influencing general human wellbeing, mainly in non-industrial nations. The improvement of legitimate evaluations of malnutrition is one of the difficulties encountered by policymakers in numerous countries worldwide. In this manner, the current study was embraced with the essential goal of evaluating and determining all potential determinants of childhood malnutrition in Malawi, using the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data 2015/16. The study seeks to reveal some of the significant factors that are perpetuating the incidence of malnutrition in children of Malawi. It also designed to offer deeper insights on how the probability of being diagnosed with this medical condition (malnutrition) evolves across the different levels of the found significant factors.Methods The proportional odds (PO) model was the best model to utilize, motivated by the design of the current study's data set. The PO model is an alternative to conceptualize how the ordinal designed data can be sequentially into dichotomous groups without losing the ordinal nature of response variables. The model is an extension of logistic regression models with two outcomes, it is one of the best models to deal with ordinal response variable comprising of more than two categories. The PO model, as well as the logistic regression models are common classes of generalised linear models (GLMs) mostly used to model association between dependent variable and independent variables. ResultsThe observations derived from fitting the PO model on the Malawi DHS data to investigate risk factors associated with malnutrition (stunting) suggested that: the age of the child; birth type (singleton/multiple births), parents' level of education, household's type of resident; mother's age at the time of birth, mother's BMI, incident of diarrhoea in the last two weeks before the survey, are the most significant independent risk factors of malnutrition (stunting). ConclusionsAll the aforementioned risk factors are controllable, and they can be improved through intervention strategies. The policies that undergird the country are required to counteract this condition, as the majority of the risk factors need the coherent actions of several governing authorities.

Risk factors associated with seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in dogs from urban and rural areas of milk and coffee production in Minas Gerais state, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
pp. 2286-2293 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. NOGUEIRA ◽  
L. P. MESQUITA ◽  
C. C. ABREU ◽  
K. Y. R. NAKAGAKI ◽  
J. N. SEIXAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

SUMMARYThis study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies and to investigate the risk factors related to seroprevalence in dogs from urban and rural areas with distinct economic activities (milk and coffee production) in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. For this purpose, blood samples from 703 dogs were collected and questionnaires addressing epidemiological aspects were completed by dog-owners. The sera were analysed for anti-N. caninum antibodies by indirect fluorescent antibody tests (IFAT ⩾ 1:50). Association between epidemiological aspects and seropositivity in dogs was evaluated with multivariate logistic regression models. A total of 80 (11·4%) dogs tested positive for N. caninum. In the multivariate logistic regression models, dogs aged >4 years, dogs used as guard dogs, dogs that spontaneously hunt, and history of bovine abortion were found to be greater risk factors for canine N. caninum infection. When we considered only dogs from rural areas, an association with seroprevalence was seen for milk farms, dogs not fed with commercial food, dogs that hunt, and dogs used as guard dogs.

FERTILITY DESIRES OF YORUBA COUPLES OF SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
KOLAWOLE AZEEZ OYEDIRAN
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Fertility Intention ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Fertility Desires ◽  
Fertility Reduction ◽  
Living Children

Using the matched wife–husband (763) sample from the data collected from Ogbomoso and Iseyin towns in Oyo State, Nigeria, this paper examines factors associated with couples’ fertility intention. The analysis used logistic regression models for predicting the effects of selected socioeconomic background characteristics on a couple’s fertility intention. Results indicate high levels of concurrence among husbands and wives on fertility intention. Where differences exist, husbands are more pronatalists than their wives. About 87% of pairs of partners reported similar fertility preferences. Of these couples, 59·5% wanted more children while only 27·8% reported otherwise. The logistic regression models indicated that a couple’s fertility intention was associated with age, education, place of residence, frequency of television-watching and number of living children. Therefore, programme interventions aimed at promoting fertility reduction in Nigeria should convey fertility regulation messages to both husbands and wives.

Predictors of Child Abuse Charges Within the Context of Domestic Violence Arrests

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (13) ◽  
pp. 1777-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Roark ◽  
Kelly E. Knight ◽  
Heather Olson ◽  
Heidi DeSandre
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Police Response ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Underdeveloped Area

This article investigates how different factors of a domestic violence incident impact the likelihood of a child abuse charge within the context of domestic violence arrests. Data from 5,148 domestic violence arrests were used to test whether domestic violence-, incident-, and child-based predictors increased the likelihood of a child abuse charge. Logistic regression models of gender-stratified samples were employed to test for gender differences among domestic violence arrestees. The results demonstrated predictors affected men’s odds of a child abuse charge when compared with women. For men and women, children witnessing the domestic violence incident had the largest impact on a child abuse charge. These results contribute to the underdeveloped area of police response to child abuse in domestic violence cases.

Abstract 17220: Risk Factors for Recurrent Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in 783 Women in California

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Punag Divanji ◽  
Gregory Nah ◽  
Ian Harris ◽  
Anu Agarwal ◽  
Nisha I Parikh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Grand Multiparity ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

Introduction: Characterized by significant left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and clinical heart failure (HF), peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) has an incidence of approximately 1/2200 live births (0.04%). Prior studies estimate that approximately 25% of those with recovered LV function will have recurrent clinical PPCM during subsequent pregnancies, compared to 50% of those without recovered LV function. Specific predictors of recurrent PPCM have not been studied in cohorts with large numbers. Methods: From 2005-2011, we identified 1,872,227 pregnancies by International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) codes in the California Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) database, which captures over 95% of the California hospitalized population. Excluding 15,765 women with prior cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, stroke, HF, valve disease, or congenital heart disease), yielded n=1,856,462 women. Among women without prior cardiovascular disease, we identified index and subsequent pregnancies with PPCM to determine episodes of recurrent PPCM. We considered the following potential predictors of PPCM recurrence in both univariate and age-adjusted logistic regression models: age, race, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, chronic kidney disease, family history, pre-eclampsia, ectopic pregnancy, income, and insurance status. Results: In HCUP, n=783 women had pregnancies complicated by PPCM (mean age=30.8 years). Among these women, n=133 had a subsequent pregnancy (17%; mean age=28.1 years), with a mean follow-up of 4.34 years (±1.71 years). In this group of 133 subsequent pregnancies, n=14 (10.5%) were complicated by recurrent PPCM, with a mean time-to-event of 2.2 years (±1.89 years). Among the risk factors studied, the only univariate predictor of recurrent PPCM was grand multiparity, defined as ≥ 5 previous deliveries (odds ratio: 22; 95% confidence interval 4.43-118.22). The other predictors we studied were not significantly associated with recurrent PPCM in either univariate or multivariable models. Conclusion: In a large population database in California with 783 cases of PPCM over a 6-year period, 17% of women had a subsequent pregnancy, of which 10.5% had recurrent PPCM. In age-adjusted logistic regression models, grand multiparity was the only statistically significant predictor of recurrent PPCM.

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