The Danger Instincts

1928 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-405
Author(s):  
T. S. Rippon
Keyword(s):  
Medical Officer ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
War Neurosis ◽  
Causes Of War ◽  
Army Officers ◽  
Additional Strain ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
Natural Emotion ◽  
The Mind

Theory:—Rivers' theory of the “danger instincts” is a key to the problem of moral and prevention of war neuroses. Causes of War Neuroses:—These are believed to be largely mental, e.g., conflict between the instinct of self-preservation and the sense of duty. Instinct of Self-Preservation:—This subject presents difficulties, because people react in so many different ways; a man may be impelled to run away, or to become aggressive or even motionless when in danger. Importance:—The importance of knowing all the reactions of the normal man to danger is, first—the need to know the normal before considering the abnormal states; second—the chemical warfare of the future will involve increased emotional stress; third—in such war, there will be an additional strain of inactivity during a gas attack. The Danger Instincts as described by Rivers:—Reaction by flight. Aggression. Manipulative activity. Immobility and collapse. Emotional states associated with reactions. Conflict between different tendencies the reason for collapse when in danger. Evidence supporting Rivers' Theories:—Relative severity of war neurosis in pilots, observers, balloon officers, Army officers and submarine crews. Investigation on reactions of pilots to danger and fear. Rivers' Theory applied to Moral (Mental Hygiene):—Knowledge of normal reactions to danger enables the medical officer to help to maintain moral by:—(a) Preparing the mind to meet danger. Explaining that fear is a natural emotion under certain circumstances. Need for self-control but not shame. (b) Prevention of repression. (c) Counter-suggestion and panic. Concluding Statement on Cowardice:—Difficulty in distinguishing cowardice from neurosis. Definition suggested. Medical tests.

Challenges and opportunities for the affective sciences.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Fox ◽  
Regina Lapate ◽  
Alexander J. Shackman ◽  
Richard J Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Core Feature ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improved Methods ◽  
Health And Well Being

Emotion is a core feature of the human condition, with profound consequences for health, wealth, and wellbeing. Over the past quarter-century, improved methods for manipulating and measuring different features of emotion have yielded steady advances in our scientific understanding emotional states, traits, and disorders. Yet, it is clear that most of the work remains undone. Here, we highlight key challenges facing the field of affective sciences. Addressing these challenges will provide critical opportunities not just for understanding the mind, but also for increasing the impact of the affective sciences on public health and well-being.

Some Tears in Achilles Tatius (Achilles 6.7.3–7)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Self Control ◽  
First Person ◽  
Achilles Tatius ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Mind

Another novelist provides in some respects a point in between Chariton and Heliodorus. His elaborate expatiation on tears and the lover put rhythm at the service of an intricate treatment of the mind and body, and a shrewd depiction of amorous self-control and manipulation. The first-person narrative adds a further stratum of sophistication to this handling of the speaker’s rival and enemy. Achilles Tatius demonstrates further, in contrast with Chariton, the range of possibilities for the exploitation of rhythm seen already in the difference of Chariton and Plutarch. Comparison with Heliodorus brings out Achilles’ elegance.

scholarly journals Recognising the Role of the Emotion of Fear in Offences and Defences

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 450-472
Author(s):  
Susan SM Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Mens Rea ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Loss Of Self ◽  
Human Conduct ◽  
Privileged Status ◽  
Actus Reus ◽  
Male Experience

Anger, its part in human conduct and in crime commission has been much discussed and accorded a privileged status within the law, while the role of fear has been less considered. Notwithstanding, fear and related emotional states have received some recognition as intrinsic elements of the perpetrator’s object integral to the actus reus of certain offences and relevant to the defendant’s mens rea of some defences. The harm caused by deliberately or negligently instilling fear in another is inconsistently considered in law as is its impact on criminal responsibility and mens rea. Fear has been recently acknowledged as a permissible cause of loss of self-control in a partial defence to murder (Coroners and Justice Act 2009 s 55(3)). It remains a contested emotion and as with anger the male experience of what circumstances trigger fear predominates.

Daily Reports of Aggressive Behaviors in Interpersonal Conflicts

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110630
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Mumford ◽  
Bruce G. Taylor ◽  
Mateusz Borowiecki ◽  
Poulami Maitra
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Interpersonal Conflicts ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Use Behavior

Interpersonal conflicts are inevitable, but the probability that conflicts involve aggressive behavior varies. Prior research that has tended to focus on victimization in intimate partnerships reported through retrospective designs. Addressing these limitations, the current study examines daily reports of behaving aggressively in any conflict across relationships in a sample of 512 young adults drawn from the nationally representative iCOR cohort. Respondent attitudes and affective measures were collected at the end of the daily data collection period. Regression methods were applied to examine the probability and frequency of aggression, investigating early and recent exposure to adversities, attitudes, self-control, affect and emotional states, and alcohol use behavior. Recent adversities and the propensity to endorse a defensive honor code attitude, consistent with theory and retrospective studies of aggression, predicted both prevalence and frequency of aggressive behavior. The associations of childhood maltreatment and self-control with the prevalence of behaving aggressively were as expected, but these constructs were significantly associated with the frequency of aggression with unexpected, inverse directionality. Moreover, respondents’ affect and other emotional states were only associated with the frequency, not the prevalence, of aggressive behavior. Overall, this daily data collection constructively distinguished risk and protective factors for behaving aggressively more often. Further research is needed to disentangle the extent to which affective states drive or is a consequence of frequent aggressive behavior.

Self-Control as a Coordination Problem

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Asael Y. Sklar ◽  
Kentaro Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Alternative Account ◽  
Coordination Problem ◽  
New Model ◽  
The Mind

This chapter presents an analysis of self-control from a motivational perspective, modeling it as the resolution of a conflict between proximal and distal concerns. It briefly reviews “divided-mind” models that suggest that self-control entails competition between opposing elements of the mind, and discusses some of the empirical and conceptual challenges to these conceptual frameworks. The authors then propose an alternative account that addresses these challenges, suggesting that coordination of (rather than competition between) elements of the mind is key to self-control. They review empirical evidence for the new model, and then conclude by outlining some of its implications for future research and theory.

The teleological science of self-control

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Rachlin
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Teleological Behaviorism ◽  
Complex Patterns ◽  
The Mind

In response to Ainslie & Gault: The value of a temporally extended behavioral pattern depends on relationships inherent in the pattern itself. It is not possible to express that value as the simple sum of the discounted present values of the pattern's component acts.In response to Leiber: Teleological behaviorism may be deemed unscientific because it has not yet succeeded to the required degree in predicting and controlling the highly complex patterns of human behavior that comprise our mental lives. However teleological behaviorism is not unscientific because it is teleological or “noncausal;” nor is teleological behaviorism unscientific because it is not reducible to neurophysiology. Nothing in principle bars the development of a teleological science of the mind.

scholarly journals Symmetrization, Mirroring and External Reality: An ‘Inner’ Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Rosapia Lauro Grotto
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
External Reality ◽  
Psychoanalytic Literature ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Neuro Imaging ◽  
The Mind

In the last two decades, mirroring systems have been detected in the monkey and in the human brain. The mirroring mechanisms have been considered as the neural basis for social cognition and interpersonal reactivity, and they have been assumed to support imitation, sharing of emotional states and empathy. Here I would like to compare ‘mirroring phenomena’ to ‘symmetrization phenomena’. In psychoanalytic literature, the construct of symmetrization has been proposed in the context of the Bi-Logic theory by Matte Blanco in 1975, on the basis of clinical evidence obtained in the psychoanalytical setting and following a theoretical analysis derived from the Freudian distinction between Primary and Secondary Processes. I will consider two different types of behaviours, empathic social interactions and the creation of transitional objects and spaces as defined by Winnicott in order to argue that symmetrization, in Matte Blanco’s terms, cannot be reduced to mirroring. I will then sketch a hypothesis on the interplay between the symmetric aspects of the mind and external reality in the development of higher relational functions of humans, also taking playing, arts and creativity into account. Finally I will describe the paradigmatic shift in neuro-imaging studies that was introduced with the discovery of the ‘Default Mode Network’ and its potential relevance in the research on the symmetric and asymmetric aspects of the human mind.

scholarly journals The Mind-Brain Relationship as a Mathematical Problem

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio A. Ascoli
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Neural Connectivity ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Scientific Phenomena ◽  
The Mind

This paper aims to frame certain fundamental aspects of the human mind (content and meaning of mental states) and foundational elements of brain computation (spatial and temporal patterns of neural activity) so as to enable at least in principle their integration within one and the same quantitative representation. Through the history of science, similar approaches have been instrumental to bridge other seemingly mysterious scientific phenomena, such as thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, optics and electromagnetism, or chemistry and quantum physics, among several other examples. Identifying the relevant levels of analysis is important to define proper mathematical formalisms for describing the brain and the mind, such that they could be mapped onto each other in order to explain their equivalence. Based on these premises, we overview the potential of neural connectivity to provide highly informative constraints on brain computational process. Moreover, we outline approaches for representing cognitive and emotional states geometrically with semantic maps. Next, we summarize leading theoretical framework that might serve as an explanatory bridge between neural connectivity and mental space. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of this framework for human communication and our view of reality. We conclude by analyzing the practical requirements to manage the necessary data for solving the mind-brain problem from this perspective.

scholarly journals Students' organism state in conditions of distance learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 03014
Author(s):  
O.A. Dragich ◽  
K.A. Sidorova ◽  
T.A. Yurina ◽  
E.V. Plotnikova ◽  
N.I. Akhshiyatova
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Active Implementation ◽  
Independent Work

In the course of distance learning, the student is located remotely from his teacher, as well as from the educational institutions themselves. Such education is carried out mostly with the use of technologies for studying. Online learning contributes to improving the education quality due to the active implementation of the worldwide educational resources and a large share of independent work. A manifestation of negative impact of such education is stress caused not only by worries about coronavirus situation, but also by changes in the education field. Distance learning implies strict self-control, independence and consciousness of the student, ability to restrain their emotional states.

scholarly journals Correlation of religiosity and emotional intelligence among students of Madrasah Aliyah Denpasar

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Endy Nurhayati ◽  
Cokorda Bagus Jaya Lesmana ◽  
Luh Nyoman Alit Aryani
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emotional Competency ◽  
Emotional Sensitivity ◽  
High Category ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
The Mind

Background: Emotional intelligence is the ability to feel and understand more effectively against emotional sensitivity that includes the ability to motivate oneself or others, self-control, able to understand the feelings of others effectively and able to manage emotions that can be used to guide the mind to make the best decisions. Religiosity is an understanding of religion in a person that is seen through a person's knowledge and beliefs about his religion and is carried out in worship activities. This study aims to determine the correlation between the level of religiosity and emotional intelligence in students of Madrasah Aliyah (MA) in Denpasar. Material and Methods: The participant of this research amounted to 90 students of MA in Denpasar. This study used an observational analytic study with design of cross- sectional study. Measuring the level of religiosity using the scale of Religiosity from Glock & Stark that has been modified in Islam and emotional intelligence is measured using the Emotional Competency Inventory (ECI) scale with a Likert model. Data was analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 program. Results: Level of religiosity 67% with high category and 32,2% with medium category. Emotional intelligence 18,9% with high category and 81,1% with medium category. There is significant mild positive correlation between religiosity and emotional intelligence (r = 0.272; p = 0.010). Conclusion: There is a significant positive mild correlation between the level of religiosity with emotional intelligence.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document