scholarly journals Social Class Origin and Assortative Mating in Britain, 1949–2010

Sociology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1217-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Henz ◽  
Colin Mills
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
The Social ◽  
Class Origin ◽  
To Come ◽  
Similar Class ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Level Aspect ◽  
Over Time

This article examines trends in assortative mating in Britain over the last 60 years. Assortative mating is the tendency for like to form a conjugal partnership with like. Our focus is on the association between the social class origins of the partners. The propensity towards assortative mating is taken as an index of the openness of society which we regard as a macro level aspect of social inequality. There is some evidence that the propensity for partners to come from similar class backgrounds declined during the 1960s. Thereafter, there was a period of 40 years of remarkable stability during which the propensity towards assortative mating fluctuated trendlessly within quite narrow limits. This picture of stability over time in social openness parallels the well-established facts about intergenerational social class mobility in Britain.

The American Meritocracy Myth Stress: Scale Development and Initial Validation

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-105
Author(s):  
Yunkyoung Loh Garrison ◽  
Alexander Rice ◽  
William Ming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
The Social ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The purpose of this study is to develop the American Meritocracy Myth Stress Scale (AMMSS), capable of assessing college students’ psychological stress within the context of the pervasive myth of meritocracy. This psychological stress stems from the association between their perceptions of their own hard work and social class mobility. Underpinned by the social class worldview model-revised, American meritocracy myth stress is conceptualized as the psychological stress that individuals experience when disequilibrium exists between the dominant and pervasive meritocracy ideology and their efforts to climb the social ladder through hard work. Three substudies were conducted for exploratory factor analysis (Study 1: n = 887); confirmatory factor analysis, validity, and measurement invariance (Study 2: n = 903); and 2-week test–retest reliability (Study 3: n = 37). The results of these studies provide empirical support for the AMMSS. We discuss implications for practice, advocacy, training, and future research.

Social and Medical Trends in Female Sterilization in Aberdeen, 1951–72

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard J. Nottage ◽  
Marion H. Hall ◽  
Barbara E. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Oral Contraception ◽  
Female Sterilization ◽  
Family Limitation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lower Social Class ◽  
The 1960S

SummaryThis paper reports the social and medical characteristics of women resident in Aberdeen city who were sterilized in 1951–52, 1961–62 and 1971–72, 211, 399 and 1125 women respectively. In 1951–52 women were offered sterilization, the majority being lower social class mothers with five or more children who were sterilized concurrently with abortion; the small number of upper social class women had one or two children and were sterilized for medical or obstetric reasons. By 1961–62, sterilization as a mean of family limitation was becoming acceptable to women in all social groups, families were of four or five children and the women were much younger when they were sterilized post-partum. Later in the 1960s, oral contraception, IUDs and laparoscopy and vasectomy were introduced. In 1971–72, women themselves requested sterilization, the two–three child family was the norm, the proportion of upper social class women continued to increase, and interval sterilization was gaining ground.

scholarly journals The social patterning of mortality in a cohort of elderly Swedes

1996 ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olle Lundberg ◽  
Ingemar Kåreholt
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Functional Abilities ◽  
Proportional Hazard ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Death Registry ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Social class differences in mortality among the elderly have received only limited interest. In this paper we analyze the impact of social class on mortality from mid-life onwards. In 1968 1,860 persons born between 1892 and 1915 were interviewed and followed in the national cause of death registry for the period 1968-1991. In addition. 537 of the 563 survivors were fe-interviewed in 1992. We employ proportional hazard regressions to analyze the impact of social class on death risks over time. There are fairly small class differences in the probability of reaching old age. However, it appears that mortality differentials were steeper before retirement age than after. Still, the size of class differences in mortality seem smaller than expected on the basis of other studies. At the same time steep class gradients in illness and functional abilities exist among survivors. Some possible explanations for these somewhat contradictory findings are discussed.

scholarly journals The authentic leader in the neoliberal times-Development, identity dominance and the politics of “doing” in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chetan Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Cultural System ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
New Politics ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Diverse Groups

<p>What is the future of right-wing politics in India? Is India as a nation laden in the cultural foundation of conservatism and purity or it is a diversity moulded through the power of right-wing into a singular cultural system? The recent crises of right-wing politics in India founded in the new politics of social change where the historical oppression of diverse groups based on social class, religion, gender and caste has been politicized with new meaning under the garb of ‘doing’ development, cultural revivalism and the discourses of neoliberalism. Present research attempt to understand how the social identity of an authentic leader is shaped by the global neoliberal values and in what way the preference of authentic leaders by the group is moderated by the social class mobility and change. Also, some of the systematic attacks on the freedom of universities gave rise to students’ politics and movements with new vocabularies of resistance and leadership. It is need of the time to understand the leaders conscious ‘doing’ and conscious ‘not doing’, constructing the meaning of a nation in a different way or limiting it. </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>

scholarly journals TEN RILLINGTON PLACE AND THE CHANGING POLITICS OF ABORTION IN MODERN BRITAIN

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1085-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMMA L. JONES ◽  
NEIL PEMBERTON
Keyword(s):  
Central Element ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Britain ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Working Class Women ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S

ABSTRACTThis article addresses the social, cultural, and political history of backstreet abortion in post-war Britain, focusing on the murders of Beryl Evans and her daughter Geraldine, at Ten Rillington Place in 1949. It shows how the commonplace connection of John Christie to abortion and Beryl Evan's death was not a given in the wider public, legal, political, and forensic imagination of the time, reflecting the multi-layered and shifting meanings of abortion from the date of the original trials in the late 1940s and 1950s, through the subsequent judicial and literary reinvestigations of the case in the 1960s, to its cinematic interpretation in the 1970s. Exploring the language of abortion used in these different contexts, the article reveals changes in the gendering of abortionists, the increasing power and presence of abortion activists and other social reformers, the changing representation of working-class women and men, and the increasing critique of the practice of backstreet abortion. The case is also made for a kind of societal blind spot on abortion at the time of both the Evans and Christie trials; in particular, a reluctance to come to terms with the concept of the male abortionist, which distorted the criminal investigations and the trials themselves. Only when public acceptance for legalizing abortion grew in the more liberal climate of the 1960s and beyond did a revisionist understanding of the murder of Beryl Evans, in which abortion came to be positioned as a central element, gain a sustained hearing.

Cutting Through

Uneven Odds ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 171-206
Author(s):  
Divya Vaid
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
National Level ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
Specific Occupation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This chapter brings out the influence of caste on social class mobility and analyses in detail the association between caste and social class in India. While theories of social change posit a decline in the impact of caste on social mobility over time, this chapter questions whether we see evidence of this at the national level. More crucially has the association between caste and class declined? And, has the relative importance of caste on achieveing a specific occupation, and hence social mobility, also declined overtime? In light of debates on affirmative action, this chapter asks whether certain castes find it harder to take advantage of upward class mobility chances, and conversely whether some castes are cushioned from downward mobility chances.

Work and Suicide: An Empirical Investigation

1980 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Shepherd ◽  
B. M. Barraclough
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
To Come ◽  
High Level ◽  
Work Histories

SummaryThe work histories of 75 completed suicides and 150 controls were compared to test Durkheim's theory of the protective nature of work. The suicides showed more unemployment, more absence through illness, had more frequent job changes and held their jobs for shorter periods. They were less likely to retire gradually. There was no difference in social class mobility. Suicides were more likely to come from high risk occupations. The comparatively poor work record of the suicides is attributed to their high level of psychiatric morbidity.

Collaborative Writing and Ethical Know-how

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Speedy
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Writing ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Social Imagination ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conditions Of Possibility ◽  
To Come ◽  
Over Time

It may seem incongruous to come across a ‘sole authored’ text amidst a journal special issue on collaborative writing. For my part the contradiction ‘plays’ eloquently with what it might mean to be/come a singular-yet-silted-up-accumulation of a human being. This paper represents not so much an assemblage (although that, too) as a collectively auto/biographical constellation, accumulation, and distillation of the traces that have remained lying around and about after many decades spent engaged with collective, collaborative and participatory writing. By themselves these sediments and dregs do not amount to much and certainly do not fit together, but as they have accumulated over time they have come to represent something of a body of work. Hence, the conditions of possibility surface for me to give an account of the very particular kinds of ethical know-how that I have witnessed emerging from many groups of people writing together collaboratively within (and to some extent against) the Academy. This paper draws on feminist sensibilities, narrative and poststructuralist ideas, therapeutic practices, Utopian methodologies and multiple writing accumulations over time to suggest that the continued and explicit practice of collaborative writing amongst social researchers alters the academic spaces they inhabit and the ethical know-how that they come by. In time the (albeit fragile) emergence of this different sense of scholarship and scholarly work and even, perhaps, of what it means to be a human being amidst human beings and other elements can begin to rework and expand the social imagination.

scholarly journals Positional, mobility and reference effects: How does social class affect life satisfaction in Europe?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caspar Kaiser ◽  
Nhat An Trinh
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Class ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Class Origin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Do So ◽  
Diagonal Reference Models

In this study, we analyse the effects of social class on life satisfaction and develop a theoretical framework that shows how social class affects life satisfaction through five pathways. Informed by this framework, we estimate the direct effects of class destination and class origin, the effect of own intergenerational class mobility as well as the effects of others’ class position and mobility (so-called reference effects). To do so, we utilize European Social Survey (ESS) waves 1 to 5 (2002-2010). We obtain information on life satisfaction as well as destination and origin class for about 100,000 respondents in 32 European countries. Our mobility analyses are performed with diagonal reference models, which allow for the consistent estimation of mobility effects. We find: (1) Class destination consistently and strongly structures life satisfaction across Europe. (2) Own class mobility positively impacts life satisfaction, particularly in Eastern Europe. (3) Other’s class mobility has a strong negative effect on life satisfaction. Especially the latter finding points to the hitherto neglected importance of reference effects when considering the impact of social class onlife satisfaction.

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