scholarly journals Body Pedagogics, Transactional Identities and Human–Animal Relations

Sociology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 003803852110497
Author(s):  
Chris Shilling
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Animal Body ◽  
Sociology Of The Body ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Cultural Body ◽  
Transactional Approach

The sociology of the body developed as a reaction against Cartesian conceptions of homo clausus that haunted disciplinary thought in the late 20th century but exhibited anthropocentric tendencies in neglecting non-human animals. Building upon recent attempts to address this situation, I develop a transactional approach towards body pedagogics that explores how the shifting borders governing human–animal relations influence people’s embodied identities. Transactions between humans and (other) animals have been an historic constant across contrasting societies, but the patterning of these exchanges is framed by specific cultural body pedagogics. Focusing on the institutional means, characteristic experiences and corporeal outcomes of ‘civilising’ and ‘companionate’ human–animal body pedagogics, I explore the identity-shaping impact of these different modalities of inter-species inter-corporeality and demonstrate the sociological utility of this transactional approach.

The Body in Theory

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity J Callard
Keyword(s):  
Queer Theory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrial Capitalism ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
The One ◽  
Do So

Geographers are now taking the problematic of corporeality seriously. ‘The body’ is becoming a preoccupation in the geographical literature, and is a central figure around which to base political demands, social analyses, and theoretical investigations. In this paper I describe some of the trajectories through which the body has been installed in academia and claim that this installation has necessitated the uptake of certain theoretical legacies and the disavowal or forgetting of others. In particular, I trace two related developments. First, I point to the sometimes haphazard agglomeration of disparate theoretical interventions that lie under the name of postmodernism and observe how this has led to the foregrounding of bodily tropes of fragmentation, fluidity, and ‘the cyborg‘. Second, I examine the treatment of the body as a conduit which enables political agency to be thought of in terms of transgression and resistance. I stage my argument by looking at how on the one hand Marxist and on the other queer theory have commonly conceived of the body, and propose that the legacies of materialist modes of analysis have much to offer current work focusing on how bodies are shaped by their encapsulation within the sphere of the social. I conclude by examining the presentation of corporeality that appears in the first volume of Marx's Capital. I do so to suggest that geographers working on questions of subjectivity could profit from thinking further about the relation between so-called ‘new’ and ‘fluid’ configurations of bodies, technologies, and subjectivities in the late 20th-century world, and the corporeal configurations of industrial capitalism lying behind and before them.

Karakalpak Family Ritualism: The Bes Kiyim Custom in the Transformation of Traditional Culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
Z. I. Kurbanova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Married Women ◽  
The Body ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
The Republic

This study describes the bridal and funerary rite of exchanging clothes (Bes Kiyim – ‘Five Costumes’) in the context of the traditions and innovations in the Karakalpak culture. On the basis of fi eld data collected in 2014–2019 and earlier in places with a continuous or patchy distribution of the Karakalpak population (Chimbaysky, Karauzyaksky, Kegeyliysky, Nukussky, Khodzheyliysky, and the Takhiatashsky districts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Republic of Uzbekistan) and of earlier sources, changes in ritualism are analyzed. Bridal rites include exchanges of gifts, such as items of clothing. The comparison of sources shows that the Bes Kiyim rite originated in the mid-20th century in the context of socio-cultural changes. It has remained rather stable up to the present time, being an integral part of Karakalpak bridal ritualism. This indicates its importance in the normative culture of that ethnic group. In one district of Karakalpakstan, the term Bes Kiyim was transferred from the bridal to the funerary rituals. The origin of the rite relates to the transformation of the Iyis custom—the distribution of the deceased person’s clothing among those participating in the ablution of the body. In the late 20th century, specially purchased items of clothing began to be used for that purpose. Apparently, the fi ve items distributed among those participating in the rite symbolize the deceased person’s transition to the ancestors’ world. By the same token, the bride’s fi ve outfi ts allude to her passage to the category of married women and the beginning of her marital life. Therefore, the ritual innovations of the Karakalpaks, caused by socio-cultural and economic changes, mirror the logic and content of traditional family festivals whose complex symbolism relates to status change.

Illness, Threat and Systems of Authority in Dunhuang

Inner Asia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-46
Author(s):  
Lewis Mayo
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Organisational Form ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Face ◽  
Administrative Structures ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Administrative Problem

AbstractThis paper analyses the relationships between illness and structures of authority in the oasis of Dunhuang in the late 20th century and during the time of the Guiyijun regime which ruled the area as an independent warlord state from the middle of the 9th to the beginning of the 11th century. Both the medieval and the modern systems for dealing with illness in Dunhuang are analysed here as part of a larger problem of threat as an inherent element in any order of authority. In this paper, illness is taken as a political and administrative problem, both in the sense that political forces are mobilised around it and in the sense that political and administrative structures give illness an organisational form. Guiyijun systems of storage and structures of governance in the political and familial realms are understood as the reference point for the strategies deployed in the face of illness ‘events’ and as explanatory frameworks closely linked to accounts of dysfunction in the internal order of the body. The late 20th century order of disease management in Dunhuang forms a counterpart to these medieval structures, despite the major differences in the forms for responding to and attacking illness in the oasis in the public health regimes of the modern era and in the medical and ceremonial practices used a millennium before.

Corporéités, ascétismes et sécularisation dans le discours de la confrérie Naqshbandi turque contemporaine

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ural Manço
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Process Of Urbanization

The author presents the body-related features of Naqshbandi speech from the late 20th century. The order in question is the most orthodox and one of the most influential of the country. The discourse studied is taken from the lectures of its last sheikh, M.E. Cosan (1938—2001). These lectures are the main means of initiating followers. The discursive sample consists of 140 lectures delivered between 1984 and 2001. The analysis relates to references to behaviour, worship and pleasure, and allows the contextualization of religious change as a function of Turkey’s structural changes since 1980, in other words shows the convergence of this religious discourse, which demonstrates rationality and this-worldliness, with the disciples’ process of urbanization and social mobilization.

Human Development as Transcendence of the Animal Body and the Child-Animal Association in Psychological Thought

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Olin Myers
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
The West ◽  
Animal Body ◽  
Developmental Theories ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Historical Discourses ◽  
Symbolic Universe

AbstractThis paper explores the association of children and animals as an element in Western culture's symbolic universe. Three historical discourses found in the West associate animality with immaturity and growing up with the transcendence of this condition. The discourses differ in how they describe and evaluate the original animal-like condition of the child versus the socialized end product. All, however, tend to distinguish sharply between the human and the nonhuman. This paper explores expressions of this tendency in developmental theories that set as the criterion of maturity the actualization of some capacity that is believed to set humans apart from animals. Seeing relationships with animals as marginally important in human development and life is a consequence of these assumptions. Simultaneously, these assumptions also marginalize the body. This constitutes a dual renunciation of body and animal, criticized for its effects both on inquiry and on our realization of the roles and values of nonhuman animals in development. Such research can help reveal the self-organizing nature of the human animal body.

‘‘I Think I’m Gonna Throw up...’’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Elizabeth Hayes ◽  
Dana Gravesen
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Content ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Grotesque Body

<p>Focusing on the period 1999–2003, this study examines the cultural content of the <em>Howard Stern Show</em> in order to develop a theory of shock radio. We argue that while Stern’s sexist and anti-feminist agenda framed his treatment of women’s bodies, his broader obsession with bodily excess reflected the particular cultural moment of the late 20th century and the long-term problem of embodiment via the radio medium. We draw on Linda William’s concept of body genres, M. M. Bakhtin’s grotesque body, and recent radio scholarship in order to conceptualize the relationship among the voice, the body, and the medium in shock radio.</p>

The Achilles Heel of Anglican Mission: The Selwyn Legacy in New Zealand

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Judith E. Pinnington
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Body Of Christ ◽  
Mutual Support ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Case Studies

Historical case studies can be painful. The editorial question must be: does the pain bring forth usable insights? In this analysis, historian Pinnington looks beyond overt, oft-cited problems like “the land issue” and focuses on the unresolved root problems of isolation, individualism — and even rivalry — which wracked the missionary force, depriving them of desperately-needed mutual support, and blunting the cutting edge of their mission. “They were not enough a community in love … The Maoris had already too great a sense of their own community to be built into the Body of Christ by mere missionary committees.” For Western missions in the late 20th Century, relevant insights indeed!

Sex Machines and Statistical Persons

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
James Sey
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Assembly Line ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Scientific System ◽  
Modern Era

In this article I attempt to trace the genealogy of the body-technology relation in the 20th century as it emerges at two specific historical junctures: (i) The Taylorist/Fordist ergonomic society of the early part of the 20th century. To this end it outlines a double trajectory: firstly the shift in the epistemology of monstrosity from pre-enlightenment singularity to enlightenment replicability, and thus the possibility of containment and ‘technological monstrosity’ in the modern era; and secondly the emergence of Fordism as a social and scientific system which is premised on the body-as-machine but is underpinned by the fascination presented by the possibility of ‘machine pathology’, (ii) The emergence of the ‘statistical person’ in the late 20th century; a species of more or less psychopathological identity related to the predominance of information processing in contemporary urban epistemology. I argue that the late 20th century relation to technology, the cybernetic or statistical, is the inverse of that of the Fordist worker at the assembly line in the early part of the century, the era of the ‘sexualized machine’.

“Band Wagon and Gravy Train”: uses and abuses along the Silk Road

Afghanistan ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-194
Author(s):  
Warwick Ball
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Ancient Trade ◽  
International Image ◽  
Academic Discussion ◽  
The Silk Road

The Silk Road as an image is a relatively new one for Afghanistan. It appeals to both the pre-Islamic and the perceived Islamic past, thus offering an Islamic balance to previous identities linked to Bamiyan or to the Kushans. It also appeals to a broader and more international image, one that has been taken up by many other countries. This paper traces the rise of the image of the Silk Road and its use as a metaphor for ancient trade to encompass all contacts throughout Eurasia, prehistoric, ancient and modern, but also how the image has been adopted and expanded into many other areas: politics, tourism and academia. It is argued here that the origin and popularity of the term lies in late 20th century (and increasingly 21st century) politics rather than any reality of ancient trade. Its consequent validity as a metaphor in academic discussion is questioned

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