Novel and durable flame-retardant modification based on the Schiff base and Pudovik reaction for wool fabric

Durable and formaldehyde-free flame-retardant (FR) modification of wool fabric using phosphorous compounds is of great interest. In this study, Schiff base imine groups were firstly introduced onto wool fiber through aldehyde-amine condensation between p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and wool fiber. Then, an efficient and durable FR wool fabric was fabricated by incorporating diethyl phosphite (DEP) into a Schiff base intermediate via the Pudovik reaction. The potential reaction mechanism among p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, DEP and wool fiber was explored. The thermal stability, smoke generation ability, FR ability and washing durability of the modified wool fabric were studied. The FR modification significantly increased the thermal resistance of wool fabric and suppressed smoke generation by half. The wool fabric modified by 20 g/L DEP was able to self-extinguish during the burning test, suggesting the higher FR efficiency of the DEP-incorporated Schiff base system. The modified wool fabric still self-extinguished after 20 commercial launderings, which is attributed to the covalent grafting of DEP onto wool fiber. Char residue analyses revealed the condensed charring FR mechanism of the DEP-incorporated Schiff base system on wool. This work provides a novel approach to prepare efficient and durable FR functional wool fabric via the Schiff base reaction and Pudovik reaction among p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, DEP and wool fiber.

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Performance of Flame Retardant Wool Fabric Grafted with Vinyl Phosphate

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics ◽

10.1177/155892501400900105 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 155892501400900

Author(s):

Fangjun Zhang ◽

Jinping Guan ◽

Guoqiang Chen

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Chemical Deposition ◽

Fiber Surface ◽

Wool Fiber ◽

Wool Fabric ◽

Ir Absorption ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Flammability Test ◽

Wool Fabrics ◽

Water Media

In this paper, a flame retardant dimethyl-2–(methacryloyloxyethyl) phosphate (DMMEP) was applied to wool fabrics by the graft copolymerization technique initiated with potassium persulfate (KPS) in water media. FTIR and SEM testing were used to explore the grafting evidence on the fiber surface, the SEM results show chemical deposition on the wool fiber surface and the scales could not be seen clearly. FTIR testing exhibited IR absorption of DMMEP on the wool fiber. Thermal gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA), and char residue morphology SEM observation show the decomposition mode of wool fabrics and infer the possible flame retardant mechanism. The phosphorus based flame retardant DMMEP was prone to promote more nonflammble char during combustion, and increased add-on of DMMEP produced increased fabric char. With a DMMEP add-on increase from 50% to 100% on the weight of wool fabric, the treated wool fabric demonstrated high flame retardancy with an LOI above 35% which means it can not be ignited with a candle like fire, and could pass the vertical flammability test. DMMEP treatment slightly affected whiteness and moisture regain, but yielded a relatively large decrease in permeability and tensile strength, which should be explored further in later research.

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In-Situ Direct Synthesis of HKUST-1 in Wool Fabric for the Improvement of Antibacterial Properties

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11040713 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 713 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Manuel J. Lis ◽

Bianca Bastos Caruzi ◽

Guilherme Andreoli Gil ◽

Rafael Block Samulewski ◽

Alesandro Bail ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Direct Synthesis ◽

Metal Organic Frameworks ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Test Method ◽

Wool Fiber ◽

Wool Fabric ◽

Trimesic Acid ◽

Washing Durability ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Reflectance Ftir

The use of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF) such as HKUST-1 in textiles is an alternative with regard to the development of technologies that are increasingly seeking for functionalities, mainly in the fields of health and hygiene, named biofunctional fabrics. However, the application of the MOF under the surface of the wool fiber can lead to a low durability finish due to its low fixation. Thus, this project aims to perform the direct synthesis of HKUST in the wool fiber, so that a product with good washing durability can be obtained. The purpose of this study was to incorporate metal-organic frameworks, composed of copper and trimesic acid, into woolen fabrics, to improve the antibacterial properties. The synthesis was performed directly in the wool fabric, at time intervals of 24 and 48 h. The resulting fabrics were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), Fourier Transform Spectroscopy Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR), and colorimetric analysis (CIElab), and the Antimicrobial Activity Test (American Association of Textile Chemist and Colourists - AATCC Test Method 61-2007-2A) was performed. The results suggested that the application produced textiles with antibacterial properties, showing activity against Escherichia coli.

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RESEARCH OF FEATURES AND COMPOSITIONS OF VERMICULITE FOR USE AS SUSPENSION FIRE RETARDANT FOR TEXTILE MATERIALS

Technical science and innovation ◽

10.51346/tstu-01.20.2-77-0064 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (2) ◽

pp. 64-69

Author(s):

I Khaidarov ◽

◽

R Ismailov

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Fire Resistance ◽

Orthophosphoric Acid ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Textile Materials ◽

Dispersed Particles ◽

Expanded Vermiculite ◽

Smoke Generation

This article presents studies of fire resistance in the treatment of expanded vermiculite, which depends on the size of the dispersed particles and the orientation of the granules, their moisture and temperature. It has been studied that one of the interesting and important in practice properties of vermiculite is its ability to swell and turn into a lightweight effective material for imparting fire resistance. The properties and compositions of vermiculite from the Tebinbulak deposit are studied, from which a flame-retardant suspension is prepared for processing textile materials based on vermiculite dissolved in orthophosphoric acid and alkali in an aqueous medium. When modifying materials with developed flame-retardant suspensions, it is possible to obtain fire-resistant textile materials that meet the requirements of GOST for fire resistance, smoke generation and other physical and mechanical properties.

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Durable flame retardant wool fabric treated by phytic acid and TiO2 using an exhaustion-assisted pad-dry-cure process

Thermochimica Acta ◽

10.1016/j.tca.2018.05.011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 665 ◽

pp. 28-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Xian-Wei Cheng ◽

Jin-Ping Guan ◽

Xu-Hong Yang ◽

Ren-Cheng Tang

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Phytic Acid ◽

Wool Fabric ◽

Cure Process

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Highly thermostable and durably flame-retardant unsaturated polyester modified by a novel polymeric flame retardant containing Schiff base and spirocyclic structures

Chemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.cej.2018.03.102 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 344 ◽

pp. 419-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Dan Zhao ◽

Juan Wang ◽

Xiu-Li Wang ◽

Yu-Zhong Wang

Keyword(s):

Schiff Base ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Unsaturated Polyester

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Synthesis and characterisation of sulphonamide (Schiff base) ligand and its copper metal complex and their efficiency in polyurethane varnish as flame retardant and antimicrobial surface coating additives

Progress in Organic Coatings ◽

10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105577 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 ◽

pp. 105577 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. Abd El-Wahab ◽

M. Abd El-Fattah ◽

H.M.Z. El-alfy ◽

M.E. Owda ◽

L. Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Schiff Base ◽

Metal Complex ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Schiff Base Ligand ◽

Surface Coating ◽

Copper Metal

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EFFECT OF SURFACE TREATMENT ON THE PROPERTIES OF WOOL FABRIC

Surface Review and Letters ◽

10.1142/s0218625x07009840 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 14 (04) ◽

pp. 559-563 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

C. W. KAN ◽

C. W. M. YUEN ◽

C. K. CHAN ◽

M. P. LAU

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Fiber Surface ◽

Air Permeability ◽

Wool Fiber ◽

Wool Fabric ◽

Physical Treatment ◽

Temperature Plasma ◽

Technical Problems ◽

Chemical Treatments

Wool fiber is commonly used in textile industry, however, it has some technical problems which affect the quality and performance of the finished products such as felting shrinkage, handle, lustre, pilling, and dyeability. These problems may be attributed mainly in the presence of wool scales on the fiber surface. Recently, chemical treatments such as oxidation and reduction are the commonly used descaling methods in the industry. However, as a result of the pollution caused by various chemical treatments, physical treatment such as low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment has been introduced recently because it is similarly capable of achieving a comparable descaling effect. Most of the discussions on the applications of LTP treatment on wool fiber were focused on applying this technique for improving the surface wettability and shrink resistance. Meanwhile, little discussion has been made on the mechanical properties, thermal properties, and the air permeability. In this paper, wool fabric was treated with LTP treatment with the use of a non-polymerizing gas, namely oxygen. After the LTP treatment, the fabrics low-stress mechanical properties, air permeability, and thermal properties were evaluated and discussed.

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