EFFECT OF SURFACE TREATMENT ON THE PROPERTIES OF WOOL FABRIC

Wool fiber is commonly used in textile industry, however, it has some technical problems which affect the quality and performance of the finished products such as felting shrinkage, handle, lustre, pilling, and dyeability. These problems may be attributed mainly in the presence of wool scales on the fiber surface. Recently, chemical treatments such as oxidation and reduction are the commonly used descaling methods in the industry. However, as a result of the pollution caused by various chemical treatments, physical treatment such as low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment has been introduced recently because it is similarly capable of achieving a comparable descaling effect. Most of the discussions on the applications of LTP treatment on wool fiber were focused on applying this technique for improving the surface wettability and shrink resistance. Meanwhile, little discussion has been made on the mechanical properties, thermal properties, and the air permeability. In this paper, wool fabric was treated with LTP treatment with the use of a non-polymerizing gas, namely oxygen. After the LTP treatment, the fabrics low-stress mechanical properties, air permeability, and thermal properties were evaluated and discussed.

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Effect of Various Chemical Treatments on Handling of Wool Fabric

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.671.3 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 671 ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

Masukuni Mori

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Wool Fabric ◽

Chemical Treatments ◽

Fabric Structure ◽

Fabric Handle ◽

Yarn Count ◽

Fabric Weight ◽

Finishing Processes ◽

Twist Number

It is well known that fabric handle is controllable by controlling and adjusting mechanical properties of the fabric. The handling of fabrics, on one hand, is mostly decided by the structure of the fabric, i.e. quality of yarn, yarn count, twist number, density of warp and weft, fabric weight and weave design. Such a fabric structure is represented in terms of Cover Factor. On the other hand, the handling of fabrics can also be changed through the mechanical properties by dyeing and finishing processes after weaving. The present work investigated how much influence is exerted on wool fabric by 11 sorts of chemicals generally used in dyeing and finishing processes, and how much change is exerted on the handle of processed fabrics. The experimental results were compared with the original fabric with no treatment in terms of mechanical properties relevant to KES. It was confirmed that the fabric handle greatly depended on fabric structure. Besides, the differences in the degree of damage and the hydrophilicity of wool fiber arisen from the treatments using chemicals were examined. The effect of chemicals used in dyeing and finishing processes was also investigated on the environment. Keywords: Wool, Chemical treatment, Fabric handle, KES, Environment.

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Mechanical and thermal properties and crystallization behavior of PA66 composites reinforced with MWCNTs-coated milled glass fiber

High Performance Polymers ◽

10.1177/0954008320943927 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 095400832094392

Author(s):

Xiangmin Xu ◽

Beibei Tong ◽

Xiaoyan Zhang ◽

Yudong Zhang ◽

Binjie Li

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Glass Fiber ◽

Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Fiber Surface ◽

Fracture Morphology ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Polyamide 66 ◽

Scanning Calorimetry

Constructing a hierarchical structure of nanomaterials on the surface of reinforcing fibers is the best strategy to obtain other desired functions while improving the mechanical properties of polymers. In this article, acid-treated multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were introduced to the surface of milled glass fiber (MGF) under the combined action of tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-aminopropyltriethyloxysilane to prepare a hierarchical fiber (MWCNTs-GF). The surface morphology and microstructure of this hierarchical fiber were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, and a composite coating with MWCNTs as the main component was observed on each fiber surface. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of the specific interactions between MWCNTs and MGF. Polyamide 66 (PA66) composites with different content of MWCNTs-GF were fabricated by melt blending. The resulting composites exhibited improved mechanical properties relative to pure PA66, in which the tensile strength and notched impact strength of the composite filled with 3 wt% MWCNTs-GF increased by 23.3% and 69.0%, respectively. Subsequently, by analyzing fracture morphology and interfacial adhesion of the composites, the strengthening and toughening mechanisms of MWCNTs-GF were elaborated in detail. In addition, the results of thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry showed that MWCNTs-GF possessed strong heterogeneous nucleation ability, and its addition could refine the grain size of PA66 and significantly increase the crystallization temperature and thermal stability of the corresponding composites. Compared to PA66 composites reinforced with neat MGF, it was found that the unique surface structure of MWCNTs-GF was likely responsible for improved thermal properties of this hierarchical fiber-reinforced PA66 composites.

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Performance of Flame Retardant Wool Fabric Grafted with Vinyl Phosphate

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics ◽

10.1177/155892501400900105 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 155892501400900

Author(s):

Fangjun Zhang ◽

Jinping Guan ◽

Guoqiang Chen

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Chemical Deposition ◽

Fiber Surface ◽

Wool Fiber ◽

Wool Fabric ◽

Ir Absorption ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Flammability Test ◽

Wool Fabrics ◽

Water Media

In this paper, a flame retardant dimethyl-2–(methacryloyloxyethyl) phosphate (DMMEP) was applied to wool fabrics by the graft copolymerization technique initiated with potassium persulfate (KPS) in water media. FTIR and SEM testing were used to explore the grafting evidence on the fiber surface, the SEM results show chemical deposition on the wool fiber surface and the scales could not be seen clearly. FTIR testing exhibited IR absorption of DMMEP on the wool fiber. Thermal gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA), and char residue morphology SEM observation show the decomposition mode of wool fabrics and infer the possible flame retardant mechanism. The phosphorus based flame retardant DMMEP was prone to promote more nonflammble char during combustion, and increased add-on of DMMEP produced increased fabric char. With a DMMEP add-on increase from 50% to 100% on the weight of wool fabric, the treated wool fabric demonstrated high flame retardancy with an LOI above 35% which means it can not be ignited with a candle like fire, and could pass the vertical flammability test. DMMEP treatment slightly affected whiteness and moisture regain, but yielded a relatively large decrease in permeability and tensile strength, which should be explored further in later research.

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Effect of Two-Step Treatments on Interfacial and Mechanical Properties of Sugarcane Rind Fiber/Natural Latex Biodegradable Composites

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.789.106 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 789 ◽

pp. 106-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shi Yan Chen ◽

Hai Xia Xin ◽

Hua Ping Wang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Interfacial Adhesion ◽

Fiber Surface ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Chemical Treatments ◽

Biodegradable Composites ◽

One Step ◽

Treated Fiber ◽

Reinforcing Filler

Sugarcane rind fiber/natural latex biodegradable composites were prepared by compounding natural latex with sugarcane rind fiber as reinforcing filler. We selected three chemical solvents, including sodium hydroxide (NaOH), silane (KH550) and acrylic acid (AA), and used one-step or two-step treatment method to improve the interfacial adhesion between sugarcane rind fiber and natural latex matrix. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to characterize the chemical composition change at the sugarcane rind fiber surface structure by the chemical treatments. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) results showed that the interfacial adhesion and dispersion of the composites based on two-step treated fiber were improved. The mechanical properties of these biodegradable composites were evaluated, which showed an increase of the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites based on two-step treated fiber compared to those based on untreated fiber.

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Treatment of Wool Fabrics by Argon Atmospheric Pressure Low Temperature Plasma and its Dyeing

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.49 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 441 ◽

pp. 49-53

Author(s):

Hua Qing Wang ◽

Mei Yang

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Fiber Surface ◽

Wool Fabric ◽

Low Temperature Plasma ◽

Temperature Plasma ◽

X Ray ◽

Wool Fabrics ◽

Wool Fibers

With the increase in the environmental protection consciousness of people, attention has focused on plasma technology because of its efficiency and environmentally friendliness. In order to improve the dyeing behavior of wool fabrics, surface modification of wool fabrics was carried out using an atmospheric pressure (argon) low temperature plasma treatment (LTP). Morphology and chemical composition analyses of the treated wool fiber surface were carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effect on the surface properties of wool fabrics treated for different times was evaluated. The results showed that the coloration of wool fabric is improved with an argon atmospheric pressure low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment but the fabric has a lower color fastness to washing and rubbing. This results from the formation of sulfonic groups and the increase in nitrogen content attributed to more severe etching and oxidization on the surface of wool fibers.

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Thermal comfort properties of Kevlar and Kevlar/wool fabrics

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0040517514532157 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 84 (19) ◽

pp. 2094-2102 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Rana Faruq Mahbub ◽

Lijing Wang ◽

Lyndon Arnold ◽

Sinnappoo Kaneslingam ◽

Rajiv Padhye

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Water Vapor ◽

Thermal Comfort ◽

Air Permeability ◽

Wool Fabric ◽

Moisture Management ◽

Wool Fabrics ◽

Optical Porosity ◽

Ballistic Vests ◽

Thermal Comfort Properties

Recent research on ballistic vests has focused on comfort performance by enhancing thermal comfort and moisture management. Kevlar/wool fabric has been developed as a potential material for ballistic vests. This study investigates the thermal comfort properties of woven Kevlar/wool and woven Kevlar ballistic fabrics. In this context, the thermal resistance, water-vapor resistance, moisture management performance, air permeability and optical porosity of 100% Kevlar and Kevlar/wool ballistic fabrics were compared. The effects of fabric physical properties on laboratory-measured thermal comfort were analyzed. This study also presents the fabric bursting strength and tear strength for comparison. Experimental results showed a clear difference in thermal comfort properties of the two fabrics. It was found that Kevlar/wool possesses better moisture management properties and improved mechanical properties than Kevlar fabric.

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Mechanical Properties of Hierarchical Biopolymer Composite with a Modified Surface of Knitting Fabric

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.994.179 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 994 ◽

pp. 179-188

Author(s):

Petr Lenfeld ◽

Irena Lenfeldová ◽

Luboš Bĕhálek ◽

Martin Boruvka

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Charpy Impact ◽

Knitted Fabric ◽

Physical Treatment ◽

Temperature Plasma ◽

Biodegradable Composite ◽

Different Types ◽

Modified Surface ◽

Atmospheric Dielectric Barrier Discharge

The paper deals with the evaluation of mechanical properties of a biopolymer biodegradable composite obtained by injection molding (InMold technology) of knitted hierarchical fabric in the injection mold. Two methods of modifying natural fibers of the hierarchical fabric were used to influence adhesion at the interface between the polymer and the knitted fabric. The first type of modification was acetylation and the second type was the use of physical treatment using low temperature plasma, atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). The polymer composite matrix was PLA polymer from NatureWorks LLC. The structural fabric was a weft interlock knitted fabric in three different geometric characteristics made from natural cotton yarn. Experimental measuring on evaluation of mechanical properties, tensile, flexural and charpy impact tests were performed on prepared samples not only for different types of modifications of natural fibers of knitted fabric, but also in terms of orientation of knitted fabric in a biopolymer composite system.

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Effects of Fiber Surface Treatment on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Coir-MCC/Polylactic Acid Composites

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.638 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 488-489 ◽

pp. 638-642 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tanawat Tayommai ◽

Duangdao Aht-Ong

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Surface Treatment ◽

Polylactic Acid ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Fiber Surface ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Coir Fibers ◽

Twin Screw ◽

Fiber Surface Treatment

Biodegradable plastic reinforced natural fiber composites are finding applications in many fields ranging from construction industry to food industry. The use of natural bio based fillers as reinforcements in composites has several advantages over inorganic fillers including lower density, renewability, and biodegradability. In this research, polylactic acid (PLA)/ microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) composites were investigated as a means to reduce the material cost and enhance the material properties. The coir fibers were used to prepare microcrystalline. Subsequently, the prepared MCC was treated with 3-amiopropyl triethoxysilane (APS) to improve interfacial adhesion between fiber and polymer matrix. Treated and untreated MCC were then mixed at 0-10 wt.% with PLA by twin-screw extruder and fabricated into test specimens by compression molding. The effects of MCC loading and surface treatment on morphology, mechanical properties, and thermal properties of PLA/MCC composites were investigated. The results showed that the PLA with 5 wt.% of MCC exhibited the best mechanical properties compared with all prepared composites. Thermal stability of PLA composites were decreased with increasing MCC content but it can be improved by treated the MCC with APS.

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A Review: Chemical Treatments of Rice Husk for Polymer Composites

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac114.1242512433 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 12425-12433

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Polymer Composites ◽

Polymer Composite ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Fiber Surface ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Recent Decade ◽

Adhesion Properties ◽

Chemical Treatments

Rice husk is one of the agricultural by-products produces worldwide. During the recent decade, much attention has been focused on rice husk utilization for composite materials. Apart from the rice industry's huge amount of rice husk, it has a dominant agricultural waste position due to its great properties. The treatments or modifications of fiber surface properties typically increase the adhesion properties of fibers and polymers yet affect the polymer composite's physical and mechanical properties. Prior studies revealed that chemical treatments consider as one of the most used methods for the surface treatments of agricultural fibers. This paper provides an overview of the rice husk as a reinforcing material in polymer composite. Various types of chemical treatments such as alkali, benzylation, anhydride, silane, and acetylation applied on rice husk polymer composite and their effect on physical and mechanical properties were investigated based on previous literature. Rice husk polymer composites with different chemical treatments and polymers were compiled, and their basic properties were reported. Therefore, this paper will benefit future works on rice husk chemical treatments in a composite application.

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