Polymerization-Crosslinking of Cotton Fabric for Superior Performance Properties

1989 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 635-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shin ◽  
N.R.S. Hollies ◽  
K. Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Performance Properties

Textile Performance Properties of Cotton Fabric Treated with Selected Flame-Retarding Finishes

1977 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley P. Rowland ◽  
John S. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Medium Weight ◽  
Selection Of

Seven different types of flame-retarding finishes were applied to light-to-medium weight cotton fabric at add-ons appropriate to pass the DOC FF 3–71 test. The finishes studied were based on tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC), neutralized THPC (THPOH), Fyrol 76, and Pyrovatex CP. The specific finishes were: THPOH-NH3, THPOH-urea-trimethylolmelamine, Proban (THPC-urea precondensate)-NH3, THPC-urea-disodium hydrogen phosphate, Fyrol 76, Fyrol 76-N-methylolacrylamide, and Pyrovatex CP-methylolmelamine. Textile performance properties are reported as a function of add-on of each type of finish; strengths and abrasion resistance of the finished fabrics are considered and discussed as a function of resilience. General trends of decreasing strength and abrasion resistance with increasing resilience were observed for these flame-retardant fabrics. Within this trend there is latitude for selection of finishes that will provide superior performance in the individual textile property such as abrasion resistance, breaking strength, and tearing strength.

Experimental Studies on Galling Onset in OCTG Connections: A Review

Tribology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ekwaro-Osire ◽  
F. Karpat
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Mode Of Failure ◽  
Very High

With today's high prices for natural gas and oil, the demand for oil and country tubular goods (OCTG), with superior performance properties, is very high. Failures in OCTG can be attributed to numerous sources, for example, makeup torque, corrosion, and galling. Thread galling is the most common mode of failure. This failure often leads to leakage, corrosion of the material, and loss of mechanical integrity. The failure of OCTG eventually amounts to excessive operational costs for the gas and oil industry. The have been numerous approaches taken to improve the galling resistance of OCTG connections. The advocacy of these approaches is often achieved through experimental studies using galling testers. In this paper, it is proposed to classify the galling testers in seven distinct groups. There is a need to design and use effective galling testers to understand and improve the performance of OCTG connections. Thus, the objective of this paper was to present a concise review of literature related to the galling testers that may have applications to OCTG.

Experimental Studies on Galling Onset in OCTG Connections: A Review

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ekwaro-Osire ◽  
F. Karpat
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Mode Of Failure ◽  
Very High

With today’s high prices for natural gas and oil, the demand for oil and country tubular goods (OCTGs) with superior performance properties is very high. Failures in OCTG can be attributed to numerous sources, for example, makeup torque, corrosion, and galling. Thread galling is the most common mode of failure. This failure often leads to leakage, corrosion of the material, and loss of mechanical integrity. The failure of OCTG eventually amounts to excessive operational costs for the gas and oil industry. Numerous approaches have been taken to improve the galling resistance of OCTG connections. The advocacy of these approaches is often achieved through experimental studies using galling testers. There is a need to design and use effective galling testers to understand and improve the performance of OCTG connections. Thus, the objective of this paper is to present a concise review of literature related to the galling testers that may have applications to OCTG.

Effect of Laundering Temperature on the Color of Brown Naturally Colored Cotton

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 1577-1581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Ling Zhou ◽  
Zhi Qing Shi ◽  
Zhi Rong Tang ◽  
Wen Long Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Gray Scale ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Naturally Colored Cotton

The color performance properties of brown naturally color cotton fabric was investigated in the elevated temperature home laundering, usually the Europe style laundering. The first laundering cycle would give naturally color cotton(NCC) fabric the most of color changes. The laundering did render NCC fabric darkening effect, and significant and proceeding color changes. The higher laundering temperature resulted in more color changes of the fabric. At least 0.5 class gray scale rating was increased for about per 30°C laundering temperature increase. The data reported here indicated that lower temperture home laundering benefit the color retentation and the care of the NCC fabric.

Performance Evaluation of High Modulus Asphalt Mixture with Button Rock Asphalt

2012 ◽  
Vol 549 ◽  
pp. 558-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Wen Du ◽  
Chao Fei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Moisture Resistance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
High Modulus ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Sbs Modified Asphalt

In this paper, Button rock asphalt particle was directly added into hot asphalt mixture (HMA) to produced high modulus asphalt mixture (HMAM). In order to evaluate the performance properties of HMAM with BRA, dynamic compressive complex modulus (E*) test, rutting test and moisture resistance test were used to investigate HMAM with BRA and HMA with SBS modifier. Test results indicate BRA can greatly improve dynamic E*and rutting resistance of HMA compared with SBS modified asphalt mixture. Moisture resistance ability of HMAM with BRA has the same level with SBS modified asphalt mixture. Therefore, BRA particle can be used to produce HMAM, which have more superior performance properties than SBS asphalt modifier.

Flame Retardancy of Cotton via a Michael-Type Reaction of Oligomeric Reagents

1976 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 818-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley P. Rowland ◽  
John S. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Type Reaction ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
The Relationship

The reaction of Fyrol 76, an oligomeric vinylphosphonate, with various low molecular weight polyethylenimines was used to deposit a flame-retarding finish in cotton fabric. The balance of textile performance properties was found to be quite attractive, but durability of the finish was deficient. Results are pertinent to development of an understanding of the relationship between structure of the flame-retarding finish and textile performance properties of the chemically modified cotton fabric.

The Electrostatic Properties of THPOH-NH3 Flame-Retardant Cotton Fabric as They Pertain to Potential Mill Problems and Performance Properties

1976 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 671-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norton A. Cashen ◽  
Anthony R. Markezich ◽  
Dorothy C. Legendre
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Electrostatic Charge ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Electrostatic Properties ◽  
Untreated Cotton ◽  
Soil Deposition ◽  
And Performance

A THPOH-NH3-treated flame-retardant cotton fabric has been shown to have an increased capacity to hold an electrostatic charge in comparison to untreated cotton fabric. Increased cling and frictional tendencies of the treated yarn, as well as increased wet soil deposition and retention in the treated fabric, have also been observed.

In situ TEM Studies of agglomeration of sub-nanometer Ru layers in Ru/C multilayers

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-257
Author(s):  
Tai D. Nguyen ◽  
Ronald Gronsky ◽  
Jeffrey B. Kortright
Keyword(s):  
Layered Structure ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
In Situ Tem ◽  
Rayleigh Instability ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Nanometer period Ru/C multilayers are one of the prime candidates for normal incident reflecting mirrors at wavelengths < 10 nm. Superior performance, which requires uniform layers and smooth interfaces, and high stability of the layered structure under thermal loadings are some of the demands in practical applications. Previous studies however show that the Ru layers in the 2 nm period Ru/C multilayer agglomerate upon moderate annealing, and the layered structure is no longer retained. This agglomeration and crystallization of the Ru layers upon annealing to form almost spherical crystallites is a result of the reduction of surface or interfacial energy from die amorphous high energy non-equilibrium state of the as-prepared sample dirough diffusive arrangements of the atoms. Proposed models for mechanism of thin film agglomeration include one analogous to Rayleigh instability, and grain boundary grooving in polycrystalline films. These models however are not necessarily appropriate to explain for the agglomeration in the sub-nanometer amorphous Ru layers in Ru/C multilayers. The Ru-C phase diagram shows a wide miscible gap, which indicates the preference of phase separation between these two materials and provides an additional driving force for agglomeration. In this paper, we study the evolution of the microstructures and layered structure via in-situ Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and attempt to determine the order of occurence of agglomeration and crystallization in the Ru layers by observing the diffraction patterns.

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