Changes in housing among older women: Latent class analysis of housing patterns in older Australian women

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Byles ◽  
Cassie Curryer ◽  
Kha Vo ◽  
Peta Forder ◽  
Deborah Loxton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Stable Pattern ◽  
Retirement Village ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Over Time

Scant research exists on the patterns of changes in older women’s housing, and whether and when women transition into residential aged care (RAC). This study aimed to identify groups of women with different housing patterns (latent classes) over time, with a secondary aim to describe socio-demographic and health characteristics of women in each class. We analysed linked data for 9575 women born 1921–1926 from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women’s Health (ALSWH), Australian National Death Index, and Residential Aged Care (RAC) administrative records for the years 1999 through to 2011. Seven distinct housing patterns (classes) were identified over time. Four classes showed a stable pattern: living in a house for most surveys (47.0%), living in a house but with earlier death (13.7%), living in an apartment (12.8%), living in a retirement village (5.8%). One class showed a pattern of downsizing: moving from a house to retirement village (6.6%). Two patterns showed transition: from an apartment or retirement village, to RAC and death (7.8%), and from house to RAC (6.4%). This study provides new evidence about socio-demographic and health influences on housing patterns and entry into residential care in later life. These findings can inform policy and aged care planning for women in later life, by identifying patterns of transition into residential aged care, or alternatively, remaining in the community.

scholarly journals Housing and Care for Older Women in Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie E. Byles ◽  
Emily M. Princehorn ◽  
Peta M. Forder ◽  
Md Mijanur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Service Use ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
Care Assessment

Background: Housing is essential for healthy ageing, being a source of shelter, purpose, and identity. As people age, and with diminishing physical and mental capacity, they become increasingly dependent on external supports from others and from their environment. In this paper we look at changes in housing across later life, with a focus on the relationship between housing and women's care needs.Methods: Data from 12,432 women in the 1921–26 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health were used to examine the interaction between housing and aged care service use across later life.Results: We found that there were no differences in access to home and community care according to housing type, but women living in an apartment and those in a retirement village/hostel were more likely to have an aged care assessment and had a faster rate of admission to institutional residential aged care than women living in a house. The odds of having an aged care assessment were also higher if women were older at baseline, required help with daily activities, reported a fall, were admitted to hospital in the last 12 months, had been diagnosed or treated for a stroke in the last 3 years, or had multiple comorbidities. On average, women received few services in the 24 months prior to admission to institutional residential aged care, indicating a potential need to improve the reach of these services.Discussion: We find that coincident with changes in functional capacities and abilities, women make changes to their housing, sometimes moving from a house to an apartment, or to a village. For some, increasing needs in later life are associated with the need to move from the community into institutional residential aged care. However, before moving into care, many women will use community services and these may in turn delay the need to leave their homes and move to an institutional setting. We identify a need to increase the use of community services to delay the admission to institutional residential aged care.

Spiritual Factors in the Experience of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias

2015 ◽  
pp. 230-253
Author(s):  
Elizabeth MacKinlay ◽  
Corinne Trevitt
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Meaningful Life ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
The Face

Alzheimer's disease and other dementias raise important questions of personhood and connection for those affected. Finding meaning in the face of dementia is one of the most challenging aspects of dementia; spiritual reminiscence is a way of connecting with those with dementia when their cognitive decline seems to preclude them from participating in a meaningful life. In this chapter a context for spirituality in later life is given through description of the spiritual tasks and process of ageing. This leads to presentation of work based on a mixed methods study of 113 people in residential aged care with a diagnosis of dementia who participated in either six or 24 weeks of weekly sessions of guided spiritual reminiscence (MacKinlay & Trevitt, 2012). Relationship was found to be almost synonymous with meaning for these people. Other important themes identified were vulnerability and transcendence, wisdom, hope, despair, and response to meaning.

Spiritual Factors in the Experience of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias

2020 ◽  
pp. 334-357
Author(s):  
Elizabeth MacKinlay ◽  
Corinne Trevitt
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Meaningful Life ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
The Face

Alzheimer's disease and other dementias raise important questions of personhood and connection for those affected. Finding meaning in the face of dementia is one of the most challenging aspects of dementia; spiritual reminiscence is a way of connecting with those with dementia when their cognitive decline seems to preclude them from participating in a meaningful life. In this chapter a context for spirituality in later life is given through description of the spiritual tasks and process of ageing. This leads to presentation of work based on a mixed methods study of 113 people in residential aged care with a diagnosis of dementia who participated in either six or 24 weeks of weekly sessions of guided spiritual reminiscence (MacKinlay & Trevitt, 2012). Relationship was found to be almost synonymous with meaning for these people. Other important themes identified were vulnerability and transcendence, wisdom, hope, despair, and response to meaning.

scholarly journals Residential aged care in Auckland, New Zealand 1988-2008: do real trends over time match predictions?

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Broad ◽  
M. Boyd ◽  
N. Kerse ◽  
N. Whitehead ◽  
C. Chelimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Likelihood of residential aged care use in later life: a simple approach to estimation with international comparison

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna B. Broad ◽  
Toni Ashton ◽  
Merryn Gott ◽  
Heather McLeod ◽  
Peter B. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Comparison ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Residential Aged Care

From retirement village to residential aged care: what older people and their families say

2006 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 061031070510004-??? ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianne Cheek ◽  
Alison Ballantyne ◽  
Loretta Byers ◽  
James Quan
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Retirement Village

scholarly journals The dynamics of residential aged care in Australia: 8-year trends in admission, separations and dependency

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Andrews-Hall ◽  
Anna Howe ◽  
Andrew Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Funding System ◽  
Higher Categories ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Care System

The aims of this paper are to analyse changes in dependency of residents in residential aged care homes consequent upon the passing of the Commonwealth Aged Care Act in late 1997, and to establish the extent of resultant changes in the dynamics of residential aged care. The paper outlines the major changes brought by the Aged Care Act, and evidence for the effects of these changes is examined to test the hypothesis that changes in dependency generated changes in turnover and length of stay. The findings show that the proportion of admissions classified at higher categories of the Resident Classification Scale has increased over time, and that the trend to higher classification is even more pronounced by the time residents separate. As funding of residential aged care is based on resident dependency, change in dependency and in the dynamics of the aged care system have potentially significant consequences for Commonwealth funding of providers to ensure care can be provided commensurate with resident needs. The conclusions take up a number of implications of the findings for future policy in relation to planning and funding of residential aged care as a new resident funding system based on the Aged Care Funding Instrument (ACFI) is phased in from mid 2007.

scholarly journals Transitioning of older Australian women into and through the long-term care system: a cohort study using linked data

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mijanur Rahman ◽  
Jimmy T. Efird ◽  
Julie E. Byles
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Transitional Probabilities ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Background Over two-thirds of older Australians use different types/levels of aged care at some point in later life. Our aims were to estimate transitional probabilities and to identify risk factors influencing the movement between different levels of long-term care. Methods The sample consisted of 9007 women from the 1921-26 birth cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. Transitional probabilities between different levels of long-term care were estimated using a continuous-time Markov model. Results An 11-fold transition rates ratio was observed for the movement from non-user to home and community care (HACC) versus non-user to residential aged care (RAC). The predicted probabilities of remaining in the non-user state, HACC, and RAC after 10 years from the baseline were .28, .24, and .11, respectively. While the corresponding probabilities of dying from these states were .36, .65, and .90. The risk of transitioning from the non-user state to either HACC or RAC was greater for participants who were older at baseline, widowed, living outside of major cities, having difficulties in managing income, or having chronic condition, poor/fair self-rated health, or lower SF-36 scores (p < .05). Conclusion Women spend a substantial period of their later life using long-term care. Typically, this will be in the community setting with a low level of care. The transition to either HACC or RAC was associated with several demographic and health-related factors. Our findings are important for the planning and improvement of long-term care among future generations of older people. Trial registration Not applicable.

scholarly journals Gait, cognition and falls over 5 years, and Motoric Cognitive Risk in New Zealand octogenarians: Te Puawaitanga o Nga Tapuwae Kia Ora Tonu, LiLACS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Lord ◽  
Simon Moyes ◽  
Ruth Teh ◽  
Waiora Port ◽  
Marama Muru-Lanning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Falls Risk ◽  
Stable Pattern ◽  
Cognitive Risk ◽  
Cognitive Complaint ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Introduction Understanding falls risk in advanced age is critical with people over 80 a rapidly growing demographic. Slow gait and cognitive complaint are established risk factors and together comprise the Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCR).Objectives To examine trajectories of gait and cognition, and associations with falls over 5 years, and to document MCR in Māori and non-Māori of advanced age living in New Zealand.Method Falls frequency was ascertained retrospectively at annual assessments. Gait speed (3m), cognition (3MS) and MCR were reported. Gait and cognition trajectories were modelled and clusters identified from Latent Class Analysis. GEE examined association between changes in gait, cognition, MCR and falls.Results At baseline, 138 of 408 Māori (34%) and 205 of 512 non-Māori (40%) had fallen. Mean (SD) gait speed (m/s) for Māori was 0.66 (0.29) and 0.82 (0.26) for non-Māori. Respective 3MS scores were 86.2 (15.6) and 91.6 (10.4). Ten (4.3%) Maori participants met MCR criteria, compared with 7 (1.9%) non-Māori participants. Māori men were more likely to fall (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.0 – 2.43 ( P = 0.04) whilst for non-Māori slow gait increased falls risk (OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.24 – 0.68( P <0.001). Non-Māori with MCR were more than twice as likely to fall than those without MCR (OR 2.45; 95% CI 1.06 – 5.68 ( P = 0.03).Conclusions Māori and non-Māori of advanced age show a mostly stable pattern of gait and cognition over time. Risk factors for falls differ for Māori, and do not include gait and cognition.

scholarly journals Patterns of Self-Care Behaviors and Their Influence on Maintaining Independence: The National Health and Aging Trends Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thelma J. Mielenz ◽  
Sneha Kannoth ◽  
Qian-Li Xue
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Latent Classes ◽  
New Research ◽  
Reduced Risk ◽  
Over Time

Importance: Few studies have addressed the combined effects of health-promoting and self-care behaviors among older adults. Thus, new research is needed to assess the potential for behavior change to prolong independence in later life.Objectives: To determine the relationships between self-care behaviors and risks of mobility and activities of daily living (ADLs) over time.Design: Longitudinal data was used from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) cohort. Eight baseline self-care behaviors were summarized using latent class analysis. Separately, longitudinal latent classes of mobility and ADLs were created.Setting: Annual in-person interviews conducted for a nationally representative sample.Participants: The baseline study sample included 7,609 Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 from NHATS who were living in community or residential care settings, with a 71% response rate. The average age was 75, with 57% female, 81% white and 78% high school graduates or higher. Approximately, 80% (n = 6,064) completed 5 years of follow-up.Exposures: Favorable vs. unfavorable self-care latent classes measured at baseline.Main outcomes and Measures: Associations were measured between baseline classes and longitudinal classes of mobility and ADLs difficulty. Among decedents, 5-year associations were measured between baseline classes and years of overall, healthy, able, and healthy/able life.Results: Two habitual baseline self-care behavioral patterns (46% favorable; 54% unfavorable) and three trajectories of change in mobility and ADLs disability (maintaining independence; shifting to accommodation/difficulty; shifting to assistance) emerged over time. Participants with a favorable baseline pattern had 92% (0.90–0.94) reduced risk in shifting to assistance class and 70% (0.64–0.76) reduced risk for shifting to accommodation/difficulty class for mobility disability. Participants with a favorable baseline pattern had 86% (0.83–0.89) reduced risk in shifting to assistance class and 24% (0.11–0.36) reduced risk in shifting to accommodation/difficulty class for ADLs disability. Those with an unfavorable pattern had 2.54 times greater risk of mortality by the end of the 5-year follow-up compared to those with a favorable pattern.Conclusion: Self-care behaviors in older age represent a habitual pattern. A favorable self-care behavioral pattern decreased the risk of moving towards a more disabled profile and added years of life. Interventions should encourage self-care behaviors constituting a favorable pattern.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document