scholarly journals Patterns of Self-Care Behaviors and Their Influence on Maintaining Independence: The National Health and Aging Trends Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thelma J. Mielenz ◽  
Sneha Kannoth ◽  
Qian-Li Xue
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Latent Classes ◽  
New Research ◽  
Reduced Risk ◽  
Over Time

Importance: Few studies have addressed the combined effects of health-promoting and self-care behaviors among older adults. Thus, new research is needed to assess the potential for behavior change to prolong independence in later life.Objectives: To determine the relationships between self-care behaviors and risks of mobility and activities of daily living (ADLs) over time.Design: Longitudinal data was used from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) cohort. Eight baseline self-care behaviors were summarized using latent class analysis. Separately, longitudinal latent classes of mobility and ADLs were created.Setting: Annual in-person interviews conducted for a nationally representative sample.Participants: The baseline study sample included 7,609 Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 from NHATS who were living in community or residential care settings, with a 71% response rate. The average age was 75, with 57% female, 81% white and 78% high school graduates or higher. Approximately, 80% (n = 6,064) completed 5 years of follow-up.Exposures: Favorable vs. unfavorable self-care latent classes measured at baseline.Main outcomes and Measures: Associations were measured between baseline classes and longitudinal classes of mobility and ADLs difficulty. Among decedents, 5-year associations were measured between baseline classes and years of overall, healthy, able, and healthy/able life.Results: Two habitual baseline self-care behavioral patterns (46% favorable; 54% unfavorable) and three trajectories of change in mobility and ADLs disability (maintaining independence; shifting to accommodation/difficulty; shifting to assistance) emerged over time. Participants with a favorable baseline pattern had 92% (0.90–0.94) reduced risk in shifting to assistance class and 70% (0.64–0.76) reduced risk for shifting to accommodation/difficulty class for mobility disability. Participants with a favorable baseline pattern had 86% (0.83–0.89) reduced risk in shifting to assistance class and 24% (0.11–0.36) reduced risk in shifting to accommodation/difficulty class for ADLs disability. Those with an unfavorable pattern had 2.54 times greater risk of mortality by the end of the 5-year follow-up compared to those with a favorable pattern.Conclusion: Self-care behaviors in older age represent a habitual pattern. A favorable self-care behavioral pattern decreased the risk of moving towards a more disabled profile and added years of life. Interventions should encourage self-care behaviors constituting a favorable pattern.

Six-year longitudinal course and outcomes of subtypes of depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lamers ◽  
A. T. F. Beekman ◽  
A. M. van Hemert ◽  
R. A. Schoevers ◽  
B. W. J. H. Penninx
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Longitudinal Course ◽  
Baseline Severity ◽  
Depressive Subtypes ◽  
Depression Subtypes ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundClinical and aetiological heterogeneity have impeded our understanding of depression.AimsTo evaluate differences in psychiatric and somatic course between people with depression subtypes that differed clinically (severity) and aetiologically (melancholic v. atypical).MethodData from baseline, 2-, 4- and 6-year follow-up of The Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety were used, and included 600 controls and 648 people with major depressive disorder (subtypes: severe melancholic n = 308; severe atypical n = 167; moderate n = 173, established using latent class analysis).ResultsThose with the moderate subtype had a significantly better psychiatric clinical course than the severe melancholic and atypical subtype groups. Suicidal thoughts and anxiety persisted longer in those with the melancholic subtype. The atypical subtype group continued to have the highest body mass index and highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome during follow-up, although differences between groups became less pronounced over time.ConclusionsCourse trajectories of depressive subtypes mostly ran parallel to each other, with baseline severity being the most important differentiator in course between groups.

scholarly journals Where are Children Active and Does it Matter for Physical Activity? A Latent Transition Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1294-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Colabianchi ◽  
Jamie L. Griffin ◽  
Kerry L. McIver ◽  
Marsha Dowda ◽  
Russell R. Pate
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Latent Transition Analysis ◽  
Latent Classes ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Transition Analysis ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Latent Transition ◽  
Over Time

Background:Numerous studies have focused on the role of environments in promoting physical activity, but few studies have examined the specific locations where children are active and whether being active in these locations is associated with physical activity levels over time.Methods:Self-reported locations of where physical activity occurred and physical activity measured via accelerometry were obtained for a cohort of 520 children in 5th and 6th grades. Latent class analysis was used to generate classes of children defined by the variety of locations where they were active (ie, home, school grounds, gyms, recreational centers, parks or playgrounds, neighborhood, and church). Latent transition analyses were used to characterize how these latent classes change over time and to determine whether the latent transitions were associated with changes in physical activity levels.Results:Two latent classes were identified at baseline with the majority of children in the class labeled as ‘limited variety.’ Most children maintained their latent status over time. Physical activity levels declined for all groups, but significantly less so for children who maintained their membership in the ‘greater variety’ latent status.Conclusions:Supporting and encouraging physical activity in a variety of locations may improve physical activity levels in children.

Changes in housing among older women: Latent class analysis of housing patterns in older Australian women

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Byles ◽  
Cassie Curryer ◽  
Kha Vo ◽  
Peta Forder ◽  
Deborah Loxton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Administrative Records ◽  
Stable Pattern ◽  
Retirement Village ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Over Time

Scant research exists on the patterns of changes in older women’s housing, and whether and when women transition into residential aged care (RAC). This study aimed to identify groups of women with different housing patterns (latent classes) over time, with a secondary aim to describe socio-demographic and health characteristics of women in each class. We analysed linked data for 9575 women born 1921–1926 from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women’s Health (ALSWH), Australian National Death Index, and Residential Aged Care (RAC) administrative records for the years 1999 through to 2011. Seven distinct housing patterns (classes) were identified over time. Four classes showed a stable pattern: living in a house for most surveys (47.0%), living in a house but with earlier death (13.7%), living in an apartment (12.8%), living in a retirement village (5.8%). One class showed a pattern of downsizing: moving from a house to retirement village (6.6%). Two patterns showed transition: from an apartment or retirement village, to RAC and death (7.8%), and from house to RAC (6.4%). This study provides new evidence about socio-demographic and health influences on housing patterns and entry into residential care in later life. These findings can inform policy and aged care planning for women in later life, by identifying patterns of transition into residential aged care, or alternatively, remaining in the community.

Ten-Year Course of Cosmic Transcendence in Older Adults in the Netherlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjan W. Braam ◽  
Henrike Galenkamp ◽  
Peter Derkx ◽  
Marja J. Aartsen ◽  
Dorly J. H. Deeg
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Longitudinal Aging Study ◽  
Cosmic Transcendence ◽  
Sense Of Mastery

Objectives Gerotranscendence is defined as a transition from a materialistic and rationalistic perspective to a more cosmic and transcendent view of life accompanying the aging process. Would gerotranscendence levels still increase in later life? The current prospective study investigates 10-year trajectories of cosmic transcendence (a core dimension of gerotranscendence). Methods Four interview cycles of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam with 3-year intervals from 1995 to 2006 provide data on cosmic transcendence, demographics (ages 57–85), religiousness, health, sense of mastery, and humor coping. Data are available for 2,257 respondents and 1,533 respondents in multivariate models. Results Latent Class Growth Analysis shows three course trajectories of cosmic transcendence: stable high, intermediate with a decrease, and stable low. Higher levels are predicted by age, importance of prayer, Roman Catholic affiliation, a low sense of mastery, higher cognitive ability, and humor coping. Similar results were obtained for the respondents who died during the study ( N = 378). Discussion Although levels of cosmic transcendence do not show much change during 10 years of follow-up, the oldest respondents nonetheless attain the highest cosmic transcendence levels. An inclination toward relativism and contemplation may facilitate cosmic transcendence. However, lower cognitive ability probably impairs the development toward cosmic transcendence.

scholarly journals Longitudinal relationships between subjective fatigue, cognitive function, and everyday functioning in old age

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Lin ◽  
Ding-Geng Chen ◽  
David E. Vance ◽  
Karlene K. Ball ◽  
Mark Mapstone
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Subjective Fatigue ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTBackground: The present study examined the prospective relationships between subjective fatigue, cognitive function, and everyday functioning.Methods: A cohort study with secondary data analysis was conducted using data from 2,781 community-dwelling older adults without dementia who were enrolled to participate in the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly (ACTIVE) randomized intervention trial. Measures included demographic and health information at baseline, and annual assessments of subjective fatigue, cognitive function (i.e. speed of processing, memory, and reasoning), and everyday functioning (i.e. everyday speed and everyday problem-solving) over five years.Results: Four distinct classes of subjective fatigue were identified using growth mixture modeling: one group complaining fatigue “some of the time” at baseline but “most of the time” at five-year follow-up (increased fatigue), one complaining fatigue “a good bit of the time” constantly over time (persistent fatigue), one complaining fatigue “most of the time” at baseline but “some of the time” at five-year follow-up (decreased fatigue), and the fourth complaining fatigue “some of the time” constantly over time (persistent energy). All domains of cognitive function and everyday functioning declined significantly over five years; and the decline rates, but not the baseline levels, differed by the latent class of subjective fatigue. Except for the decreased fatigue class, there were different degrees of significant associations between the decline rates of subjective fatigue and all domains of cognitive function and everyday functioning in other classes of subjective fatigue.Conclusion: Future interventions should address subjective fatigue when managing cognitive and functional abilities in community-dwelling older adults.

Women’s Occupational Patterns and Later Life Physical Functioning

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 410-421
Author(s):  
Aimee J. Palumbo ◽  
Carolyn Cannuscio ◽  
Anneclaire J. De Roos ◽  
Lucy Robinson ◽  
Jana Mossey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Work Patterns ◽  
Workforce Participation ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
Reduced Risk

Objective: Timing and accumulation of work-related exposures may influence later life health. This study evaluates the association between women’s work patterns and physical functioning. Method: Work history and physical functioning information was collected at baseline for U.S. women ages 50 to 79 years in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study ( N = 75,507). We estimated life course workforce participation patterns using latent class analysis. Associations between work patterns and physical limitations were explored using modified Poisson regression. Results: Compared with working continuously, women who left the workforce early had 8% increased risk and women who worked intermittently had 5% reduced risk of physical limitations later in life. The negative association with intermittent workforce participation was stronger for women with substantively complex work (9% reduced risk) than for women with nonsubstantively complex work (2% reduced risk). Discussion: Life course work patterns and characteristics may contribute to physical functioning later in life among women.

scholarly journals Greater Disease Burden, Greater Risk? Exploring Cognitive Change and Health Status Among Older Blacks

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 807-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
DeAnnah R. Byrd ◽  
Roland J. Thorpe ◽  
Keith E. Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Perceptual Speed ◽  
Over Time

Objective: The objective of study is to examine the relationships between health status and changes in cognition over time among middle to older aged Blacks. Method: Data come from the Baltimore Study of Black Aging—Patterns of Cognitive Aging. At baseline, 602 Black participants, ranging from ages 48 to 95 years, were enrolled. At follow-up, approximately 3 years later, 450 participants were re-interviewed. Results: After accounting for baseline cognition, age, sex, and education, a greater number of health conditions was associated with slower perceptual speed ( b = −5.099, p = .022). Average peak expiratory flow was also associated with improvements in working memory ( b = 0.029, p = .019) and perceptual speed ( b = 0.026, p = .026), controlling for model covariates. Discussion: Study findings demonstrate that greater disease burden is associated with declines in specific fluid cognitive abilities in middle to later life among Blacks. This finding highlights the importance of reducing health disparities that disproportionately affect Blacks.

scholarly journals Types of social networks and starting leisure activities in later life: A longitudinal Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254828
Author(s):  
Takuya Sekiguchi ◽  
Katsunori Kondo ◽  
Mihoko Otake-Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Latent Classes ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Considering beneficial effects of leisure activities in later life on well-being and health, we investigated which type of social network among older adults is associated with starting their participation in leisure activities. We used data from a longitudinal Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) conducted in Japan every three years from 2010 to 2016. We extracted types of social networks of older adults who did not participate in leisure activities in 2013 and responded to items related to social networks (n = 3436) relying on latent class analysis to examine changes in leisure activity participation over a three-year period within each latent class while controlling for participants’ activity in 2010. As a result, we identified five latent classes of social networks: the Neighborhood network, the Restricted network, which is characterized by limited social contacts, the Colleagues network, the Same-Interest network, and the Diverse network, from the most to the least prevalent. We found that members of the Neighborhood (Cohen’s d = 0.161) and Same-Interest networks (d = 0.660) were significantly more likely to, and members of the Diverse (d = 0.124) and Colleague networks (d = 0.060) were not significantly more likely to start leisure activities than those in the Restricted network. Furthermore, we found that lower age, better mental health, and higher education level were positively associated with starting participation in leisure activities in some latent classes. Horticulture or gardening was most likely to be chosen across all latent classes. Supporting the formation of social networks facilitating leisure activities, and recommending activities that were likely to be selected could be one solution for getting and keeping older adults active.

scholarly journals LATENT CLASS ANALYSIS OF RE-EXPERIENCING VIOLENCE ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S351-S351
Author(s):  
Jooyoung Kong ◽  
Scott Easton
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Latent Classes ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Guided by the cumulative disadvantage hypothesis, the present study examines recurrent victimization experiences across the life course and their impact on psychological health in later life. Using data from the 2010-2011 Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, we explored the latent structure of histories of childhood maltreatment (i.e., neglect, emotional/physical abuse, witness of domestic violence) and elder abuse victimization among 5,968 older adults (average age of 71 years). We also investigated whether membership in specific latent classes, particularly experiencing both childhood and elder victimization, would be associated with psychological functioning in late life. We identified five latent classes: “Never victimized” (66% of respondents), “Abused as child” (16%), “Abused and neglected as child” (9%), “Abused as elder” (6%), and “Abused as child and elder” (2%). Also, the “abused as child and elder” class consistently was associated with negative psychological outcomes (i.e., distress and somatic symptom severity) and lower levels of psychological well-being.

scholarly journals Robust Respondents and Lost Limitations: The Implications of Nonrandom Missingness for the Estimation of Health Trajectories

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heide Jackson ◽  
Michal Engelman ◽  
Karen Bandeen-Roche
Keyword(s):  
Missing Data ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Full Information Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Health Trajectories ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
The Impact

Objective: We offer a strategy for quantifying the impact of mortality and attrition on inferences from later-life health trajectory models. Method: Using latent class growth analysis (LCGA), we identify functional limitation trajectory classes in the Health and Retirement Study. We compare results from complete case and full information maximum likelihood (FIML) analyses, and demonstrate a method for producing upper- and lower-bound estimates of the impact of attrition on results. Results: LCGA inferences vary substantially depending on the handling of missing data. For older adults who die during the follow-up period, the widely used FIML approach may underestimate functional limitations by up to 20%. Discussion: The most commonly used approaches to handling missing data likely underestimate the extent of poor health in aging populations. Although there is no single solution for nonrandom missingness, we show that bounding estimates can help analysts to better characterize patterns of health in later life.

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