scholarly journals The financialisation of housing land supply in England

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802090727
Author(s):  
Quintin Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Financial Asset ◽  
Housing Supply ◽  
Land Supply ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Calculative Practices ◽  
Statutory Regulation

The aim of this article is to identify the calculative practices that turn urban development planning into the supply-side of land financialisation. My focus is on the statutory planning of housing supply and the accounting procedures, or market devices, that normalise the practices of land speculation in the earliest stage of the urban development process. I provide an analysis of the accountancy regime used by planning authorities in England to evidence a 5-year supply of housing land. Drawing on the work of Michel Callon on market framing, I assess the activities of economic agents in performing or ‘formatting’ this supply, its boundaries, externalities and rules of operation. I evidence the effect of this formatting in normalising the treatment of land as a financial asset and in orienting the statutory regulation of land supply to the provision of opportunities for the capture of increased ground rent at a cost to the delivery of new homes.

scholarly journals Mapping Participatory Methods in the Urban Development Process: A Systematic Review and Case-Based Evidence Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8992
Author(s):  
Devindi Geekiyanage ◽  
Terrence Fernando ◽  
Kaushal Keraminiyage
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Participatory Methods ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
Evidence Analysis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Equitable Outcomes

Despite the fact that vulnerable communities are the most affected by unplanned cities, considerably less attention has been given to involving them in urban development in order to ensure equitable outcomes. In this regard, there is an urgent need for governments to introduce and enforce processes that allow citizens, including vulnerable communities, to participate in development planning and policymaking. However, at present, there is a lack of guidance for practitioners regarding the definition of a clear purpose of community engagement and the selection of appropriate participatory methods to fulfil the set purpose. This study provides a thorough account of the participatory methods that can be used to achieve various engagement goals throughout the urban development process. This structured literature review used 71 reports published from 2000 to 2020. The review revealed 34 participatory methods, wherein most of the methods are devoted to informing, consulting and involving communities, whilst only a few methods are available for interactive public participation that supports true collaboration and empowerment. The study identified 12 purposes of community engagement in urban development, and mapped the 34 participatory methods for achieving them. The analysed case studies showed that the current community engagement practices are mainly in the pre-design and briefing stages of the urban development processes, and that most projects are aiming to achieve the ‘inform’ and ‘consult’ levels of engagement, with a few aiming to achieve the ‘involve’ and ‘collaborate’ levels. This study shows that community engagement is often overlooked during the professional design, development and post-development phases. The paper presents an onion model which can be used by practitioners to choose appropriate participatory methods based on the intended urban development phase, the engagement level and the purpose of the community engagement.

scholarly journals An Optimized Approach for Extracting Urban Land Based on Log-Transformed DMSP-OLS Nighttime Light, NDVI, and NDWI

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
Yuanmao Zheng ◽  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
Yuanrong He ◽  
Cuiping Wang ◽  
Xiaorong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Nighttime Light

Quantitative and accurate urban land information on regional and global scales is urgently required for studying socioeconomic and eco-environmental problems. The spatial distribution of urban land is a significant part of urban development planning, which is vital for optimizing land use patterns and promoting sustainable urban development. Composite nighttime light (NTL) data from the Defense Meteorological Program Operational Line-Scan System (DMSP-OLS) have been proven to be effective for extracting urban land. However, the saturation and blooming within the DMSP-OLS NTL hinder its capacity to provide accurate urban information. This paper proposes an optimized approach that combines NTL with multiple index data to overcome the limitations of extracting urban land based only on NTL data. We combined three sources of data, the DMSP-OLS, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the normalized difference water index (NDWI), to establish a novel approach called the vegetation–water-adjusted NTL urban index (VWANUI), which is used to rapidly extract urban land areas on regional and global scales. The results show that the proposed approach reduces the saturation of DMSP-OLS and essentially eliminates blooming effects. Next, we developed regression models based on the normalized DMSP-OLS, the human settlement index (HSI), the vegetation-adjusted NTL urban index (VANUI), and the VWANUI to analyze and estimate urban land areas. The results show that the VWANUI regression model provides the highest performance of all the models tested. To summarize, the VWANUI reduces saturation and blooming, and improves the accuracy with which urban areas are extracted, thereby providing valuable support and decision-making references for designing sustainable urban development.

A Study on Development of Urbanization in Western Region under the Ecological Environment Restriction

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5853-5858
Author(s):  
Lu Feng Duan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
External Condition ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Evolution System ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Organic Combination

Ecological environment is an important external condition for subsistence and development of human being, and urbanization is an important engine to promote regional economy and social development, and whether they can become an organic combination would be crucial for the western region to ensure sustainable development in economy and society. The paper presents the corresponding solution including change of idea about ecology, improvement of environment for urban development, planning in a scientific and reasonable way, upgrading urban evolution system, carrying on industrial transformation, enhancement of the momentum for urban development, building “Two Oriented” society so as to increase urban development quality after analysis of various restrictive factors in development of urbanization in western region under the ecological environment restriction.

scholarly journals Sustainable and Adaptive Re-use of the Old Industrial Buildings as Cultural Buildings in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Wu Xiaoyu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Ecological Economic ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

With the rapid expansion of the city in China, more and more old industrial buildings in cities become idle and abandoned. However, Old industrial buildings are carrying the history of a city and reflecting the urban development process so that renewal of the old industrial buildings has great value in the sense of cultural, aesthetic, ecological, economic, and sustainable development. How to reuse those buildings is worth studying. This paper, based on the principle of Adaptive Renewal and sustainable reuse, takes two typical successful cases to discuss how to reuse these old industrial buildings into culture ones in China.

scholarly journals Overcoming obstacles to parkland acquisition: an analysis of the City of Toronto's parkland acquisition tools, why they have failed the downtown, and what can be done about it

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Lewis Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Land Supply ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Planning Framework ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
Timely Fashion ◽  
The City

Since the mid-1900s, municipal parkland acquisition in North America has occurred largely through the development process. This paper asks how well Toronto’s existing acquisition tools and policies are meeting the needs of present and future populations in the downtown. Research was conducted through a review of the literature, policy and budgetary analysis, and twelve key informant interviews with municipal parks staff, councillors, developers, a planning consultant, and community advocates. The research finds that there are many factors that have impeded parkland acquisition in the downtown, including lack of a strong planning framework, historical disbursal of cash-in-lieu funds city-wide, governance challenges, underfunding of existing operations, limited land supply, a perception of land as overpriced, inability to purchase at market price and in a timely fashion, and limited knowledge of existing tools. The paper acknowledges what has worked and concludes with recommendations to improve the City’s parkland acquisition and development framework.

UVQ: A tool for assessing the water and contaminant balance impacts of urban development scenarios

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.G. Mitchell ◽  
C. Diaper
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Management Techniques

This paper presents the water and contaminant daily simulation model of the total water cycle, called UVQ. The model has been developed to provide a means for rapidly assessing conventional and non-conventional approaches to providing water supply, stormwater and wastewater services to urban allotments, neighbourhoods and study areas. The model is placed the context of other such models developed internationally through a brief literature review. This is followed by a description of the model and output examples, which is used to illustrate the utility of the model. UVQ is an effective preliminary assessment tool for determining the impacts of urban development options on the total water cycle, as well as the performance of a wide range of non-conventional demand and supply side management techniques. It compliments other aspects of an environmental assessment of options, along with more traditional aspects such as infrastructure costing.

An Investigation on the Urban Form Transformations in Contemporary Chinese Cities

2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 3525-3528
Author(s):  
Ze Li ◽  
Tian Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Substantial Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

The paper investigates the urban form transformations of Chinese cities in the past three decades. Through literature review, it explores the forces of these urban form transformations. The research identifies that despite the substantial body of literature that sheds light on China’s economic reform and urban development, understanding of the development process remains vague.

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