scholarly journals Increasing Full Child Immunization Rates by Government Using an Innovative Computerized Immunization Due List in Rural India

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 004695801775129
Author(s):  
Enakshi Ganguly ◽  
Rahul Gupta ◽  
Alik Widge ◽  
R. Purushotham Reddy ◽  
K. Balasubramanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Immunization Rates ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
Charitable Trust ◽  
Novel Strategy

Increasing child vaccination coverage to 85% or more in rural India from the current level of 50% holds great promise for reducing infant and child mortality and improving health of children. We have tested a novel strategy called Rural Effective Affordable Comprehensive Health Care (REACH) in a rural population of more than 300 000 in Rajasthan and succeeded in achieving full immunization coverage of 88.7% among children aged 12 to 23 months in a short span of less than 2 years. The REACH strategy was first developed and successfully implemented in a demonstration project by SHARE INDIA in Medchal region of Andhra Pradesh, and was then replicated in Rajgarh block of Rajasthan in cooperation with Bhoruka Charitable Trust (private partners of Integrated Child Development Services and National Rural Health Mission health workers in Rajgarh). The success of the REACH strategy in both Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan suggests that it could be successfully adopted as a model to enhance vaccination coverage dramatically in other areas of rural India.

scholarly journals Impact of health system strengthening on delivery strategies to improve child immunization coverage and inequalities in rural Madagascar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elinambinina Rajaonarifara ◽  
Matthew H. Bond ◽  
Ann C Miller ◽  
Felana Angella Ihantamalala ◽  
Laura F Cordier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Health System Strengthening ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
Immunization Rates ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
The Impact

Background: To reach global immunization goals, national programs need to balance routine immunization at health facilities with vaccination campaigns and other outreach activities (e.g. vaccination weeks), which boost coverage at particular times and help reduce geographic inequalities. However, where routine immunization is weak, an overreliance on vaccination campaigns may lead to heterogeneous coverage. Here, we assessed the impact of a health system strengthening (HSS) intervention on the relative contribution of routine immunization and outreach activities to reach immunization goals in rural Madagascar. Methods: We obtained data from health centers in Ifanadiana district on the monthly number of recommended vaccines (BCG, measles, DTP and Polio) delivered to children, during 2014-2018. We also analyzed data from a district-representative cohort carried out every two years in over 1500 households in 2014-2018. We compared changes inside and outside the HSS catchment in the delivery of recommended vaccines, population-level vaccination coverage, geographic and economic inequalities in coverage, and timeliness of vaccination. The impact of HSS was quantified via mixed-effects logistic regressions. Results: The HSS intervention was associated with a significant increase in immunization rates (Odds Ratio between 1.22 for measles and 1.49 for DTP), which diminished over time. Outreach activities were associated with a doubling in immunization rates, but their effect was smaller in the HSS catchment. Analysis of cohort data revealed that HSS was associated with higher vaccination coverage (Odds Ratio between 1.18 per year of HSS for measles and 1.43 for BCG), a reduction in economic inequality, and a higher proportion of timely vaccinations. Yet, the lower contribution of outreach activities in the HSS catchment was associated with persistent inequalities in geographic coverage, which prevented achieving international coverage targets. Conclusion: Investment in stronger primary care systems can improve vaccination coverage, reduce inequalities and improve the timeliness of vaccination via increases in routine immunizations.

scholarly journals A short communication: Diphtheria outbreak, Tdap vaccination for adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-259
Author(s):  
Sabi Jeevan P J
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Immunization Program ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Routine Immunization Program

Diphtheria cases continue to occur also in Madurai, Tamil Nadu despite a national vaccination program targeting the disease. Outbreaks of diphtheria are noted in areas of low immunization coverage. Last week our nephews came with swollen cheeks etc so forth and so on. Disease manifesting among older children and adults as in of the recent outbreaks from the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Delhi and Assam.Of these, immunized children, 88% were above 10 years of age.A booster second doses of Adacel is for person 8 years and above along with tetanus prophylaxia is given in addition to maintaining a high immunization coverage in the routine immunization program, with special emphasis on areas of low vaccination coverage is essential for preventing then emergence of diphtheria.

A Community-Based Participatory Diabetes Prevention and Management Intervention in Rural India Using Community Health Workers

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 822-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmini Balagopal ◽  
N. Kamalamma ◽  
Thakor G. Patel ◽  
Ranjita Misra ◽  
Ranjita Misra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Management Intervention

Impact of Mental Health Training on Village Health Workers Regarding Clinical Depression in Rural India

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreedhar Paudel ◽  
Nadege Gilles ◽  
Sigrid Hahn ◽  
Braden Hexom ◽  
Ramaswamy Premkumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Clinical Depression ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Mental Health Training ◽  
Health Training ◽  
Village Health Workers ◽  
Village Health

scholarly journals Understanding Spatial and Contextual Factors Influencing Intraregional Differences in Child Vaccination Coverage in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Vyas ◽  
Dohyeong Kim ◽  
Alayne Adams
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Policy Discourse ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Remote Locations ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Administrative Governance ◽  
Child Vaccination

In Bangladesh, policy discourse has mostly focused on regional inequities in health, including child immunization coverage. Knowledge of local geographical and contextual factors within regions, however, becomes pertinent in efforts to address these inequities. We used the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011 to examine factors that influence intraregional differences in vaccination coverage using a multilevel analysis. We found that in spite of the provision of health facilities at each level of administrative governance, only distance to the Upazilla Health Complex was a consistent predictor for each dose of vaccine, highlighting the remote locations of the communities that remain underserved. Our analysis demonstrates the value of subregional analyses that identify the characteristics of communities that are vulnerable to incomplete immunization coverage. Unless specific policy actions are taken to increase coverage in these remote areas, geographic inequities are likely to persist within regions, and desired targets will not be achieved.

scholarly journals The trend of full vaccination coverage in infants and inequalities by wealth quintile and maternal education: Analysis from four recent Demographic and Health Surveys in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Acharya ◽  
Yuba Raj Paudel ◽  
Dinesh Dharel
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
Index Of Inequality ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Despite policy intention to reach disadvantaged populations, inequalities in child health care use and health outcomes persist in Nepal. The current study aimed to investigate the trend of full vaccination coverage among infants and its equity gaps between Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS) 2001 and 2016.Methods Using data from NDHS conducted in 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016, we investigated the trend of coverage of six antigens:Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG), Diptheria, Pertussis, Tetanus (DPT), Polio, and Measles during their infancy among children aged 12-23 months. We presented trends and correlates of vaccination coverage by different socio-demographic factors. We measured inequalities in full vaccination coverage by wealth quintile and maternal education using absolute measure (slope index of inequality) and relative measures (Relative index of inequality, concentration index) of inequalities.Results Full immunization coverage among infants steadily increased from 65.6% in 2001 to 87.0% in 2011; however, it decreased to 77.8% in 2016. Province 2 had a significantly lower full vaccination coverage compared to Province1.Although decreasing over time, there were significant inequalities by household wealth quintiles and maternal educational status. The slope index of inequality (SII) for wealth quintiles decreased from -32.3 [-45.5,-19.1] in 2001 to an SII of-8.4 [-18.6,-1.7] in 2016. Similarly, the SII for education decreased from -61.8 [-73.5,-50.1] in 2001 to an SII of -30.5 [-40.7,-20.2] in 2016. Similarly, the relative index of inequality (RII) also showed an improvement over time, indicating the narrowing equity gap. Additionally, concentration index on full immunization coverage by wealth quintiles dropped from 0.21 (0.12-0.28) in 2001 to 0.054 (-0.01-0.12) in 2016. Absolute and relative inequalities were persistently larger by maternal educational status compared to household wealth quintiles throughout the study period.Conclusion Full vaccination coverage in Nepal increased from 2001 until 2011 but saw a significant decrement away from the national target after 2011. However, the equity gap by household wealth quintile and maternal education status has narrowed over time. National Immunization programs need to give higher emphasis to infants born to mothers with less education, those born in the poorer wealth quintile households, and those living in Province 2.

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