Leprosy case detection campaign (LCDC) for active surveillance

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pugazhenthan Thangaraju ◽  
Sajitha Venkatesan ◽  
MK Showkath Ali
Keyword(s):  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Leprosy Case

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and temporal trends of leprosy in Uganda, 2012–2016: a retrospective analysis of public health surveillance data

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda Loy Aceng ◽  
Herman-Joseph Kawuma ◽  
Robert Majwala ◽  
Maureen Lamunu ◽  
Alex Riolexus Ario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Leprosy Case

Abstract Background Leprosy is a neglected disease that poses a significant challenge to public health in Uganda. The disease is endemic in Uganda, with 40% of the districts in the country affected in 2016, when 42 out of 112 districts notified the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program (NTLP) of at least one case of leprosy. We determined the spatial and temporal trends of leprosy in Uganda during 2012–2016 to inform control measures. Methods We analyzed quarterly leprosy case-finding data, reported from districts to the Uganda National Leprosy Surveillance system (managed by NTLP) during 2012–2016. We calculated new case detection by reporting district and administrative regions of treatment during this period. New case detection was defined as new leprosy cases diagnosed by the Uganda health services divided by regional population; population estimates were based on 2014 census data. We used logistic regression analysis in Epi-Info version 7.2.0 to determine temporal trends. Population estimates were based on 2014 census data. We used QGIS software to draw choropleth maps showing leprosy case detection rates, assumed to approximate the new case detection rates, per 100,000 population. Results During 2012–2016, there was 7% annual decrease in reported leprosy cases in Uganda each year (p = 0.0001), largely driven by declines in the eastern (14%/year, p = 0.0008) and central (11%/year, p = 0.03) regions. Declines in reported cases in the western (9%/year, p = 0.12) and northern (4%/year, p = 0.16) regions were not significant. The combined new case detection rates from 2012 to 2016 for the ten most-affected districts showed that 70% were from the northern region, 20% from the eastern, 10% from the western and 10% from the central regions. Conclusion There was a decreasing trend in leprosy new case detection in Uganda during 2012–2016; however, the declining trends were not consistent in all regions. The Northern region consistently identified more leprosy cases compared to the other regions. We recommend evaluation of the leprosy surveillance system to ascertain the leprosy situation.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Three Leprosy Case Detection Methods in Northern Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. e1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Ezenduka ◽  
Erik Post ◽  
Steven John ◽  
Abdulkarim Suraj ◽  
Abdulahi Namadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
Leprosy Case

scholarly journals Trends in leprosy case detection in Rwanda, 1995–2011: analysis of 17 years of laboratory data

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent Uwimana ◽  
Nestor Bizimungu ◽  
Fabrice Ingabire ◽  
Elyse Mukamukwiye ◽  
Odette Sharangabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Leprosy Case ◽  
Early Case

Background: Leprosy, or Hansen’s disease, is a chronic, infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. It remains one of the leading causes of deformity and physical disability.Objective: We analysed laboratory records to assess trends in prevalence rates and case detection rates (CDRs) in Rwanda. Methods: A retrospective review of detected leprosy cases from the records of the Rwanda National Reference Laboratory over a 17-year period (1995–2011) was conducted. Skin biopsy samples were analysed microscopically using Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique to identify M. leprae.Results: Cumulatively, 266 suspected cases were reported between 1995 and 2011. Of the suspected cases, 77 (28.9%) were laboratory confirmed as having leprosy. Among detected cases, 59 (76.6%) were men and 18 (23.4%) women. The male:female ratio was 3:1. There were 77 registered leprosy cases over the 17-year period of the study, and the prevalence rate was 0.005 per 10 000 population. A gradual decrease in the prevalence rate was observed from 0.015 per 10 000 population in 2003 to 0.003 per 10 000 population in 2010. From 1995 to 2011, the CDR did not exceed one per 10 000 population.Conclusion: This laboratory review demonstrates a declining trend in prevalence rates and CDR during the period of the study. Early case detection and a sustainable leprosy control programme remain the cornerstones of reducing the physical and socio-economic burden of leprosy in Rwanda.

scholarly journals Trends in leprosy case detection worldwide since 1985

2004 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Meima ◽  
Jan H. Richardus ◽  
J. Dik F. Habbema
Keyword(s):  
Case Detection ◽  
Leprosy Case

scholarly journals Development of a questionnaire to determine the case detection delay of leprosy: A mixed-methods cultural validation study

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0010038
Author(s):  
Naomi D. de Bruijne ◽  
Kedir Urgesa ◽  
Abraham Aseffa ◽  
Kidist Bobosha ◽  
Anne Schoenmakers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Cultural Validity ◽  
Detection Delay ◽  
Leprosy Case ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Background Delay in case detection is a risk factor for developing leprosy-related impairments, leading to disability and stigma. The objective of this study was to develop a questionnaire to determine the leprosy case detection delay, defined as the period between the first signs of the disease and the moment of diagnosis, calculated in total number of months. The instrument was developed as part of the PEP4LEP project, a large-scale intervention study which determines the most effective way to implement integrated skin screening and leprosy post-exposure prophylaxis with a single-dose of rifampicin (SDR-PEP) administration in Ethiopia, Mozambique and Tanzania. Methodology/Principal findings A literature review was conducted and leprosy experts were consulted. The first draft of the questionnaire was developed in Ethiopia by exploring conceptual understanding, item relevance and operational suitability. Then, the first draft of the tool was piloted in Ethiopia, Mozambique and Tanzania. The outcome is a questionnaire comprising nine questions to determine the case detection delay and two annexes for ease of administration: a local calendar to translate the patient’s indication of time to number of months and a set of pictures of the signs of leprosy. In addition, a body map was included to locate the signs. A ‘Question-by-Question Guide’ was added to the package, to provide support in the administration of the questionnaire. The materials will be made available in English, Oromiffa (Afaan Oromo), Portuguese and Swahili via https://www.infolep.org. Conclusions/Significance It was concluded that the developed case detection delay questionnaire can be administered quickly and easily by health workers, while not inconveniencing the patient. The instrument has promising potential for use in future leprosy research. It is recommended that the tool is further validated, also in other regions or countries, to ensure cultural validity and to examine psychometric properties like test-retest reliability and interrater reliability.

scholarly journals Conditional Cash Transfer Program and Leprosy Incidence: Analysis of 12.9 Million Families From the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (12) ◽  
pp. 1547-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M Pescarini ◽  
Elizabeth Williamson ◽  
Maria Y Ichihara ◽  
Rosemeire L Fiaccone ◽  
Laura Forastiere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Leprosy Case ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer Program ◽  
Brazilian Cohort

Abstract Leprosy is a neglected tropical disease predominately affecting poor and marginalized populations. To test the hypothesis that poverty-alleviating policies might be associated with reduced leprosy incidence, we evaluated the association between the Brazilian Bolsa Familia (BFP) conditional cash transfer program and new leprosy case detection using linked records from 12,949,730 families in the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort (2007–2014). After propensity score matching BFP beneficiary to nonbeneficiary families, we used Mantel-Haenszel tests and Poisson regressions to estimate incidence rate ratios for new leprosy case detection and secondary endpoints related to operational classification and leprosy-associated disabilities at diagnosis. Overall, cumulative leprosy incidence was 17.4/100,000 person-years at risk (95% CI: 17.1, 17.7) and markedly higher in “priority” (high-burden) versus “nonpriority” (low-burden) municipalities (22.8/100,000 person-years at risk, 95% confidence interval (CI): 22.2, 23.3, compared with 14.3/100,000 person-years at risk, 95% CI: 14.0, 14.7). After matching, BFP participation was not associated with leprosy incidence overall (incidence rate ratio (IRR)Poisson = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.90, 1.04) but was associated with lower leprosy incidence when restricted to families living in high-burden municipalities (IRRPoisson = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.96). In high-burden municipalities, the association was particularly pronounced for paucibacillary cases (IRRPoisson = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.98) and cases with leprosy-associated disabilities (IRRPoisson = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.97). These findings provide policy-relevant evidence that social policies might contribute to ongoing leprosy control efforts in high-burden communities.

scholarly journals Individual and community factors determining delayed leprosy case detection: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. e0009651
Author(s):  
Yudhy Dharmawan ◽  
Ahmad Fuady ◽  
Ida Korfage ◽  
Jan Hendrik Richardus
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
Leprosy Case ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
The Individual

Background The number of new leprosy cases is declining globally, but the disability caused by leprosy remains an important disease burden. The chance of disability is increased by delayed case detection. This review focusses on the individual and community determinants of delayed leprosy case detection. Methods This study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis). The study protocol is registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42020189274). To identify determinants of delayed detection, data was collected from five electronic databases: Embase.com, Medline All Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and the WHO Global Health Library. Results We included 27 papers from 4315 records assessed. They originated in twelve countries, had been published between January 1, 2000, and January 31, 2021, and described the factors related to delayed leprosy case detection, the duration of the delayed case, and the percentage of Grade 2 Disability (G2D). The median delay in detection ranged from 12 to 36 months, the mean delay ranged from 11.5 to 64.1 months, and the percentage of G2D ranged from 5.6 to 43.2%. Health-service-seeking behavior was the most common factor associated with delayed detection. The most common individual factors were older age, being male, having a lower disease-symptom perception, having multibacillary leprosy, and lack of knowledge. The most common socioeconomic factors were living in a rural area, performing agricultural labor, and being unemployed. Stigma was the most common social and community factor. Conclusions Delayed leprosy case detection is clearly correlated with increased disability and should therefore be a priority of leprosy programs. Interventions should focus on determinants of delayed case detection such as health-service-seeking behavior, and should consider relevant individual, socioeconomic, and community factors, including stigmatization. Further study is required of the health service-related factors contributing to delay.

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