The Sovereign’s Beatitude

2021 ◽  
pp. 009059172110420
Author(s):  
Zoltan Balazs

Though it may sound awkward to ask whether the political sovereign is happy or unhappy, the question is relevant to political theory, especially within a political theological perspective. Because man was created in the image of God, human happiness needs to be a reflection of divine beatitude, and as divine sovereignty is, at least analogically, related to political sovereignty, the conceptual coherence is secured. The main argument is, however, that the analogy does not hold. I shall show how St Thomas Aquinas’s short treatment of God’s beatitude may mislead us about power, fame, riches, and dignity being essential to happiness, based on an analysis of Franz Kafka’s major novel, The Castle, and a few other writings by him. I shall argue that our tradition of political thinking and behavior remains ambivalent on this issue. The political sovereign is born out of our unhappy condition, yet its power, fame, riches, and glory suggests to us that it has appropriated our happiness. But for this very reason it cannot be happy, and it therefore suggests a false analogy between the divine and the political sovereign. It is fundamentally at variance with our happiness, which incites us to abandon, reject, and eventually, kill it.

Author(s):  
Alan L. Mittleman

This chapter moves into the political and economic aspects of human nature. Given scarcity and interdependence, what sense has Judaism made of the material well-being necessary for human flourishing? What are Jewish attitudes toward prosperity, market relations, labor, and leisure? What has Judaism had to say about the political dimensions of human nature? If all humans are made in the image of God, what does that original equality imply for political order, authority, and justice? In what kinds of systems can human beings best flourish? It argues that Jewish tradition shows that we act in conformity with our nature when we elevate, improve, and sanctify it. As co-creators of the world with God, we are not just the sport of our biochemistry. We are persons who can select and choose among the traits that comprise our very own natures, cultivating some and weeding out others.


1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-260
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Nydam

Presents some of the basic struggles that may surround extrafamilial adoption. Examines both psychologically and theologically the possible effects of the process on a child's view of God. Draws on the works of Ana-Maria Rizzuto and Heinz Kohut to offer a way of understanding the God-representations that adopted children may employ. Presents Paul Tillich's existential-theological perspective as an ontological foundation for the various conceptions of God of adoptees. Suggests that adoption, as one of many human dilemmas, may deeply influence both psychological and spiritual development.


2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manitza Kotze

The recent advances made by biotechnology have been swift and sundry. Technological developments seem to happen sooner than they can be ethically reflected upon. One such trend is the endeavours launched to try and enhance human beings and what it means to be human with movements such as transhumanism, advocating strongly that we should overcome our natural limitations by any means available. With both critics and advocates utilising the expression ‘playing God’, the question of human enhancement is one in which the interplay between church and society comes compellingly to the fore. In this contribution, I wish to examine the bioethical challenges that technologies such as genetic engineering, robotics and nanotechnology raise, specifically from a theological perspective on human enhancement and indicating some paths that future research might take. Christian anthropological views on what it means to be human, especially to be created imago Dei [to the image of God] will provide the doctrinal and theological support to this contemplation.


2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio Aguiar Almeida

Proibidas pelo Antigo Testamento, a produção e a veneração de imagens se converteram em tema de amplo debate entre os cristãos para quem a encarnação de Jesus Cristo como um homem visível tornava possível, pelo menos em tese, a reprodução da imagem de Deus. Este artigo analisa esse debate, que coloca dados fundamentais à compreensão das reações da Igreja Católica ao cinema e a outros meios técnicos de reprodução de imagens que, no século XX, foram utilizados na propagação de “religiões políticas” como o fascismo e o nazismo. Searching for the lost dracma: cinema between the image of god and the dictator Abstract The production and veneration of images was forbidden by the Old Testament and became an important theme of discussion among Christians, for whom the incarnation of Jesus Christ as a visible man had made the reproduction of the God’s image possible, at least in theory. This article analyses this debate, which brings fundamental data to the understanding of the Catholic Church reactions to the cinema and to other technical media of image reproduction. These media were used for the propagation of the “political religions” such as the fascism and the nazism in the 20th century.


Author(s):  
David Novak

This chapter argues that the law prohibiting murder is the Noahide commandment most immediately and rationally evident. The rabbis considered its prohibition from two distinct points of view, the theological and the political. In theological terms, murder is the intentional taking of another human life, a life created in the image of God. In political terms, murder wrecks social life. Regarding murder at the individual level, the rabbis differentiated criteria for the punishment of Jews and gentiles. For Jews who commit murder, the death penalty is employed only under the strict standard of “hatra'ah,” or forewarning. Such a dispensation was not available to non-Jews. The law of homicide also deals with the morally knotty issue of abortion. Rabbinic Judaism permitted abortion only when the mother's life was in danger, but for Noahides, abortion was proscribed in every case.


Author(s):  
Ziad Fahed

The Catholic Church believes that God has created every single person in His own image. God has implemented His own and personal image in the heart of our humanity. The political community, as seen by the Catholic Church, is meant to be the guardian and the witness of this indelible dignity offered and willed by God. The human person created in the image of God means that the purpose and objective of any political community is to defend and promote the “inalienable human rights”. The incarnation of Christ replaces the humanity in the heart of the project of God. By his incarnation, Christ elevates humanity to the dignity of being sons of God. For the Catholic Church, the political community is where one realizes the common good and so it facilitates living together. And by showing his compassion to every single creature, by recognizing the humanity of every single person, Christ leads the way to a civilization of love that can be achieved through the support of the political community.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. P. K. Kar

Gandhiji’s method of conflict resolution was based on truth and non-violence. Truth was for him the image of God. He did not believe in personal God. For Gandhi truth is God and God is truth. Life is a laboratory where experiments are carried on. That is why he named his autobiography “My Experiment with Truth”, without these experiments truth cannot be achieved. According to Gandhi, the sayings of a pure soul which possesses nonviolence, non-stealing, true speech, celibacy and non-possession is truth. The truth of Gandhiji was not confined to any country or community. In other words , his religion had no geographical limits. His patriotism was not different from the service of human beings but was its part and parcel(Mishra:102). Gandhiji developed an integral approach and perspective to the concept of life itself on the basis of experience and experiments. His ideas ,which came to be known to be his philosophy, were a part of his relentless search for truth(Iyer:270). The realization of this truth is possible only with the help of non-violence The negative concept of Ahimsa presupposes the absence of selfishness, jealousy and anger, but the positive conception of ahimsa demands the qualities of love ,liberalism, patience, resistance of injustice, and brutal force.


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