Establishing Wage Rates for Local Elected Officials: The Development of a Methodology

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Donald L. Ashbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Elected Officials ◽  
Administrative Discretion ◽  
Salary Level ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Prevailing Wage

Problems associated with determining an appropriate salary level for local elected officials are discussed. A decision process utilizing prevailing wage rates is presented as a means to assist decision makers responsible for setting salaries for elected officials. The process retains administrative discretion for the decision maker while providing a framework from which to operate.

Overall quality assessment of SKOS thesauri: An AHP-based approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Quarati ◽  
Riccardo Albertoni ◽  
Monica De Martino
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Quality Measure ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Process Methodology ◽  
Hierarchy Process

The article proposes a methodology for a thesauri quality assessment that supports decision-makers in selecting thesauri by exploiting an overall quality measure. This measure takes into account the subjective perceptions of the decision-maker according to the reuse of thesauri in a specific application context. The analytic hierarchy process methodology is adopted to capture both subjective and objective facets involved in the thesauri quality assessment, thus providing a ranking of the thesauri assessed. Our methodology is applied to a set of thesauri by using user-driven application contexts. A step-by-step explanation of how the approach supports the decision process in the creation, maintenance and exploitation of a framework of linked thesauri is provided.

Analytical Study on Big Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Vivek Raich ◽  
Pankaj Maurya
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Analytic Methods ◽  
Data Store ◽  
Business Engineering

in the time of the Information Technology, the big data store is going on. Due to which, Huge amounts of data are available for decision makers, and this has resulted in the progress of information technology and its wide growth in many areas of business, engineering, medical, and scientific studies. Big data means that the size which is bigger in size, but there are several types, which are not easy to handle, technology is required to handle it. Due to continuous increase in the data in this way, it is important to study and manage these datasets by adjusting the requirements so that the necessary information can be obtained.The aim of this paper is to analyze some of the analytic methods and tools. Which can be applied to large data. In addition, the application of Big Data has been analyzed, using the Decision Maker working on big data and using enlightened information for different applications.

The Effects of Decision Time on Perceptions of Decisions and Decision Makers in (Moral) Trade-Off Scenarios

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Katharina Spälti ◽  
Mark John Brandt ◽  
Marcel Zeelenberg
Keyword(s):  
Decision Process ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Total N ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Financial Gain ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Sacred Values ◽  
Moral Context

People often have to make trade-offs. We study three types of trade-offs: 1) "secular trade-offs" where no moral or sacred values are at stake, 2) "taboo trade-offs" where sacred values are pitted against financial gain, and 3) "tragic trade-offs" where sacred values are pitted against other sacred values. Previous research (Critcher et al., 2011; Tetlock et al., 2000) demonstrated that tragic and taboo trade-offs are not only evaluated by their outcomes, but are also evaluated based on the time it took to make the choice. We investigate two outstanding questions: 1) whether the effect of decision time differs for evaluations of decisions compared to decision makers and 2) whether moral contexts are unique in their ability to influence character evaluations through decision process information. In two experiments (total N = 1434) we find that decision time affects character evaluations, but not evaluations of the decision itself. There were no significant differences between tragic trade-offs and secular trade-offs, suggesting that the decisions structure may be more important in evaluations than moral context. Additionally, the magnitude of the effect of decision time shows us that decision time, may be of less practical use than expected. We thus urge, to take a closer examination of the processes underlying decision time and its perception.

scholarly journals Probability elicitation using geostatistics in hydrocarbon exploration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luís Morosov ◽  
Reidar Brumer Bratvold
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Joint Probability Distribution ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Geological Information ◽  
Decision Supporting

AbstractThe exploratory phase of a hydrocarbon field is a period when decision-supporting information is scarce while the drilling stakes are high. Each new prospect drilled brings more knowledge about the area and might reveal reserves, hence choosing such prospect is essential for value creation. Drilling decisions must be made under uncertainty as the available geological information is limited and probability elicitation from geoscience experts is key in this process. This work proposes a novel use of geostatistics to help experts elicit geological probabilities more objectively, especially useful during the exploratory phase. The approach is simpler, more consistent with geologic knowledge, more comfortable for geoscientists to use and, more comprehensive for decision-makers to follow when compared to traditional methods. It is also flexible by working with any amount and type of information available. The workflow takes as input conceptual models describing the geology and uses geostatistics to generate spatial variability of geological properties in the vicinity of potential drilling prospects. The output is stochastic realizations which are processed into a joint probability distribution (JPD) containing all conditional probabilities of the process. Input models are interactively changed until the JPD satisfactory represents the expert’s beliefs. A 2D, yet realistic, implementation of the workflow is used as a proof of concept, demonstrating that even simple modeling might suffice for decision-making support. Derivative versions of the JPD are created and their effect on the decision process of selecting the drilling sequence is assessed. The findings from the method application suggest ways to define the input parameters by observing how they affect the JPD and the decision process.

scholarly journals Development of a Shipment Policy for Collection Centers

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1385
Author(s):  
Irais Mora-Ochomogo ◽  
Marco Serrato ◽  
Jaime Mora-Vargas ◽  
Raha Akhavan-Tabatabaei
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Markov Decision Process ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
Markov Decision ◽  
Unsatisfied Demand

Natural disasters represent a latent threat for every country in the world. Due to climate change and other factors, statistics show that they continue to be on the rise. This situation presents a challenge for the communities and the humanitarian organizations to be better prepared and react faster to natural disasters. In some countries, in-kind donations represent a high percentage of the supply for the operations, which presents additional challenges. This research proposes a Markov Decision Process (MDP) model to resemble operations in collection centers, where in-kind donations are received, sorted, packed, and sent to the affected areas. The decision addressed is when to send a shipment considering the uncertainty of the donations’ supply and the demand, as well as the logistics costs and the penalty of unsatisfied demand. As a result of the MDP a Monotone Optimal Non-Decreasing Policy (MONDP) is proposed, which provides valuable insights for decision-makers within this field. Moreover, the necessary conditions to prove the existence of such MONDP are presented.

Women's Role Involvement in Family Businesses, Business Tensions, and Business Success

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon M. Danes ◽  
Patricia D. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Business Owner ◽  
Role Involvement ◽  
Work Involvement ◽  
Women's Role ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Major Decision

This paper is based on a study of 391 family-business-owning couples where the husband is the business owner. The purpose of the study was to examine the work involvement of the wife in the business, the business tensions, and the impact of those tensions on family business success. Fifty-seven percent of wives worked in the business, 47% of whom were paid. Forty-two percent of wives were considered major decision makers. Having more than one decision maker in the business impacted certain types of inclusion tension. Business and family success outcomes varied by level of tensions. There was initial evidence of a threshold where business tensions begin to affect business success negatively.

scholarly journals Fusion Cubes

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Abelló ◽  
Jérôme Darmont ◽  
Lorena Etcheverry ◽  
Matteo Golfarelli ◽  
Jose-Norberto Mazón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Service Business ◽  
Short Lifespan ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Self Service ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
And Storage

Self-service business intelligence is about enabling non-expert users to make well-informed decisions by enriching the decision process with situational data, i.e., data that have a narrow focus on a specific business problem and, typically, a short lifespan for a small group of users. Often, these data are not owned and controlled by the decision maker; their search, extraction, integration, and storage for reuse or sharing should be accomplished by decision makers without any intervention by designers or programmers. The goal of this paper is to present the framework we envision to support self-service business intelligence and the related research challenges; the underlying core idea is the notion of fusion cubes, i.e., multidimensional cubes that can be dynamically extended both in their schema and their instances, and in which situational data and metadata are associated with quality and provenance annotations.

scholarly journals COST, CONTEXT, AND DECISIONS IN HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 434-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Culyer
Keyword(s):  
Health Economics ◽  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Context Dependent

Objectives:This study is an attempt to demystify and clarify the idea of cost in health economics and health technology assessment (HTA).Methods:Its method draws on standard concepts in economics. Cost is a more elusive concept than is commonly thought and can be particularly elusive in multidisciplinary territory like HTA.Results:The article explains that cost is more completely defined as opportunity cost, why cost is necessarily associated with a decision, and that it will always vary according to the context of that decision: whether choice is about inputs or outputs, what the alternatives are, the timing of the consequences of the decision, the nature of the commitment to which a decision maker is committed, who the decision maker is, and the constraints and discretion limiting or liberating the decision maker. Distinctions between short and long runs and between fixed and variable inputs are matters of choice, not technology, and are similarly context-dependent. Harms or negative consequences are, in general, not costs. Whether so-called “clinically unrelated” future costs and benefits should be counted in current decisions again depends on context.Conclusions:The costs of entire health programs are context-dependent, relating to planned rates of activity, volumes, and timings. The implications for the methods of HTA are different in the contexts of low- and middle-income countries compared with high-income countries, and further differ contextually according to the budget constraints (fixed or variable) facing decision makers.

scholarly journals Comparing interactive evolutionary multiobjective optimization methods with an artificial decision maker

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekir Afsar ◽  
Ana B. Ruiz ◽  
Kaisa Miettinen
Keyword(s):  
Multiobjective Optimization ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Interactive Methods ◽  
Preference Information ◽  
Evolutionary Methods ◽  
Solution Processes ◽  
Trade Offs

AbstractSolving multiobjective optimization problems with interactive methods enables a decision maker with domain expertise to direct the search for the most preferred trade-offs with preference information and learn about the problem. There are different interactive methods, and it is important to compare them and find the best-suited one for solving the problem in question. Comparisons with real decision makers are expensive, and artificial decision makers (ADMs) have been proposed to simulate humans in basic testing before involving real decision makers. Existing ADMs only consider one type of preference information. In this paper, we propose ADM-II, which is tailored to assess several interactive evolutionary methods and is able to handle different types of preference information. We consider two phases of interactive solution processes, i.e., learning and decision phases separately, so that the proposed ADM-II generates preference information in different ways in each of them to reflect the nature of the phases. We demonstrate how ADM-II can be applied with different methods and problems. We also propose an indicator to assess and compare the performance of interactive evolutionary methods.

Material Selection Using a Novel Multiple Attribute Decision Making Method

2012 ◽  
pp. 252-266
Author(s):  
R. V. Rao ◽  
B. K. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Multiple Attribute Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Selection Problem ◽  
Multiple Attribute ◽  
Selection Of

Selection of a most appropriate material is a very important task in design process of every product. There is a need for simple, systematic, and logical methods or mathematical tools to guide decision makers in considering a number of selection attributes and their interrelations and in making right decisions. This paper proposes a novel multiple attribute decision making (MADM) method for solving the material selection problem. The method considers the objective weights of importance of the attributes as well as the subjective preferences of the decision maker to decide the integrated weights of importance of the attributes. Furthermore, the method uses fuzzy logic to convert the qualitative attributes into the quantitative attributes. Two examples are presented to illustrate the potential of the proposed method.

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