Modeling the decision-making process of financial path transition from entrepreneur's perspective using a fuzzy cognitive mapping

PurposeThis study explores how entrepreneurs modify their financial path(s) and go beyond job security to attain greater financial freedom. The present work examines the cash-flow quadrant (CFQ) attributes and demonstrates the importance of the push-pull factors for an individual's quadrant transition in achieving financial freedom.Design/methodology/approachA hypothetical model and an abductive approach were used through regression models in a population sample of 260 Bahraini entrepreneurs. Fuzzy participatory cognitive mapping was also used to develop a conceptual model of financial path transition's decision making among entrepreneurs and study the impact of certain push-pull factors on the entrepreneurs' decisions.FindingsThe triangulated study identifies six categories of variables: financial freedom, workplace condition, independence, salary level, family life-building and retirement savings as key pull-push factors that significantly impact financial path transition's decision. Fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) extends our knowledge of the dynamics of CFQ transitions from a push-pull factor perspective. The results indicate no significant differences between the variables listed in the regression model and the fuzzy cognitive map model. Four categories of pull-push factors appeared as the entrepreneurs' top rankings when ordered by complexity, centrality scores and impact weight. These categories were workplace conditions, financial freedom, independence and salary level. The findings widen the scope of knowledge of each quadrant and rationalize how and why such factors impact quadrant decisions among Bahraini entrepreneurs.Originality/valueMany studies discuss the CFQ model and consider its quadrants a specific method for identifying a unique financial path to generate income. A shifting quadrant occurs when individuals want to change their financial path and move beyond job security to achieve more financial freedom. Although this transition is well-established in the literature, the factors accounting for the individual's transition across quadrants have not received enough attention. This study fills this gap and calls for more in-depth investigations of this area to better understand the dynamics of CFQ transitions from a push-pull factor perspective.

The Dependence of the Salary Level on the Availability of a Master’s Degree in Russia

The master’s degree program is the third level of higher professional education and is available after obtaining a bachelor’s or specialist’s degree. It provides an opportunity to gain deeper knowledge in a specific field and can be useful for a successful career in many areas of activity, as well as opens the way to scientific and teaching activities. Awareness of the importance of obtaining a master’s degree by a University graduate largely depends on their expectations about possible career growth and the level of future income. Therefore, the question of a quantitative a priori assessment of the impact of the master’s degree on the level of wages, taking into account the available alternatives, seems relevant. The article considers the impact of master’s education on the salary level for the period from 2014 to 2018, and calculates a quantitative a priori assessment of this impact, taking into account certain factors such as the federal district of residence, age, etc. The study was based on data from the Russian monitoring of the economic situation and health of the population of the HSE - RLMS for the period 2014-2018. It showed that successful completion of a master’s degree directly affects the level of wages. Also, the master’s program has a small but positive time effect and has the greatest impact on wages in technologically and socially developed Federal districts. The main contribution of the work to the knowledge of the subject of research was a comprehensive study of the position of master’s education, as well as determining its impact on wages, with the calculation of a quantitative a priori assessment in various simulated situations.

The Realistic Problems of Basic Education Teachers’ Professional Salary and Solutions

Good policy treatment is an important guarantee to improve the quality of primary and secondary school teachers. China’s policies clearly put forward that it’s necessary to continuously improve the status and treatment of teachers in basic education, so that teachers can truly become an enviable career. At present, the professional treatment situation of basic education teachers in China is not optimistic, which is far from the policy ideal. There are many problems, such as the lack of occupational attraction, the overall salary level is relatively low, and the implementation of subsidies and welfare policies is not in place.By further increasing the salary level of teachers, balancing the treatment of different groups of teachers, improving the implementation of subsidies and welfare policies, implementing the provincial overall treatment of basic education teachers, increasing the implementation of inspection of professional treatment of teachers and other measures to enhance the vocational attraction of basic education teachers,the high-quality development of China’s basic education can be ensured.

Passion meets procrastination: comparative study of negative sales associate behaviours

PurposeThis study explores procrastination, a negative work behaviour, and its unlikely source, job passion. A dualistic conceptualization of job passion is explored in retail sales associate samples from the United States and China. The study tests relationships between harmonious job passion (HJP) and obsessive job passion (OJP) and the contingent effects of job satisfaction and salary level on their relationship to procrastination.Design/methodology/approachData came from an online survey issued in the United States and China. The hypotheses were tested using hierarchical linear regression.FindingsThe analyses provide mixed findings. HJP is negatively associated with procrastination in both countries, while OJP's positive relationship is mixed. A post-hoc analysis testing the three-way interaction effect of OJP, job satisfaction and salary level on procrastination reveals a positive relationship to OJP in both countries.Research limitations/implicationsThe study demonstrates that job passion can have both positive (HJP) and negative (OJP) work behaviour outcomes.Practical implicationsBrick-and-mortar retailers facing a saturated and highly competitive environment need HJP employees to drive superior customer service. This study demonstrates that employees with OJP may engage in negative behaviours which could further impair retail performance. Expanding empowerment and flexibility may heighten HJP and minimize OJP.Originality/valueThis study explores the dualistic conceptualization of job passion in a retail environment using cross-cultural samples.

Salary perception and career prospects in audit firms

Purpose This paper aims to examine the role that auditor’s salary perception has on audit quality and delay. The findings contribute to a greater understanding of the audit employee-level factors that influence audit work outcomes. Design/methodology/approach The authors use Big 6 employee reviews, salary data and audit and financial data from 2007 to 2017 to measure how to audit employees’ pay satisfaction affects audit quality (small profits and going concern opinions) and audit delay. The authors use a regression approach to analyze this relationship. In subsequent tests, the authors split the sample on high career opportunities to investigate how this moderates the relationship between salary perception and audit quality. Findings The authors document a discrepancy between pay perception and reality. It is explained, though not completely, by salary level, comparisons to peers and superiors, firm-wide attitudes, cost of living and human capital in the area, work–life balance and perceived career prospects. Surprisingly, the unexplained pay dissatisfaction relates positively to audit quality and audit efficiency (audit delay), after controlling for salary level. Further tests show that an audit employee’s expectation of career opportunities moderates this result. Originality/value This is the first paper that empirically tests the relationship between pay satisfaction and job performance in the context of audit employees in public accounting. The authors contribute to an emerging literature that investigates audit employee-level characteristics and attitudes in relation to audit quality.

Parent Perspective Based on Salary Level of Intrapersonal Intelligence Child Through Sleeping Companions

Education with affection will shape the intrapersonal intelligence of the child the better also. Personality of children in adulthood in general is the formation of personality and education obtained by children through the people around him, especially the family. Activities of storytelling is done before bed can also be said hypnoparenting which is education done at the time of the child before bed. At that time, the child will easily receive an education packed with stories containing advice. Education by way of telling stories to advise on children has been done by parents of ancient times. This study was conducted by giving a questionnaire and conducting simple interviews to randomly selected parents regardless of the background of their lives except the amount of salary they earn each month. This research uses quantitative descriptive method by interviewing selected fifty randomly selected parents. That parents who earn salary at point A or with income Rp 500,000 - Rp 2,000,000 more often accompany child sleep and assume it is important for children with the reason his son still want to be accompanied sleep and feel like accompany the child to sleep because it has been working all day outside.

THE IMPACT OF A SALARY LEVEL AND THE LEGAL MECHANISM FOR ITS REGULATION ON THE WORK EFFICIENCY OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS

The aim: To determine the impact of the salary level and the legal mechanism for its regulation on the work efficiency of health care workers. Materials and methods: The research materials cover the reports of international organizations, global and national statistical data and collective agreements. The research results and conclusions are based on the combined use of theoretical and empirical methods. Conclusions: The legal mechanism for regulating the remuneration of health care workers should be reformed on the basis of the concept of their work efficiency.

Parent Perspective Based on Salary Level of Intrapersonal Intelligence Child Through Sleeping Companions

Education with affection will shape the intrapersonal intelligence of the child the better also. Personality of children in adulthood in general is the formation ofpersonality and education obtained by children through the people around him, especially the family.Activities of storytelling is done before bed can also be said hypnoparenting which is education done at the time of the child before bed. At that time, the child will easily receive an education packed with stories containing advice. Education by way of telling stories to advise on children has been done by parents of ancient times.This study was conducted by giving a questionnaire and conducting simple interviews to randomly selected parents regardless of the background of their lives except the amount of salary they earn each month.This research uses quantitative descriptive method by interviewing selected fifty randomly selected parents. That parents who earn salary at point A or with income Rp 500,000 - Rp 2,000,000 more often accompany child sleep and assume it is important for children with the reason his son still want to be accompanied sleep and feel like accompany the child to sleep because it has been working all day outside.