scholarly journals Retirement Income for Surviving Spouses

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma L. Nielson ◽  
Terry A. Beehr
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Pension Plan ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Retirement System ◽  
Lifetime Income ◽  
Retirement Decisions ◽  
The Status ◽  
High Level

This paper reports on a study of married participants in the Oregon Public Employes Retirement System (PERS) to gain information about their retirement decisions. The study used four mail-in questionnaires in conjunction with computerized participant data. This study looks beyond the status of the couple immediately following retirement and attempts to forecast the well-being of the household, i.e., the surviving spouse, when and if a retiree predeceases the spouse. As indicated by research in labor economics, all income streams are converted to an asset or wealth variable for analysis. The results indicate that, assuming no depletion of savings by long-term illness, 65 percent of the couples can expect adequate monthly income during their retirements. Only about one-third of the participants elected any form of joint-and-survivor payout that assures lifetime income to the spouse. Significant drops in income are expected to occur in these households following the death of the retiree as average life insurance holdings are not adequate to replace the predicted drops in pension and social security payments. Overall the spouses of those who purchased life insurance could expect equivalent levels of income after the death of the retiree; however, the variance was higher among this population. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for the pension plan and its sponsors when a high level of popularity is observed for private alternatives. The changes spurred in Oregon's Public Employee Retirement System as a result of this investigation also are reported.

scholarly journals What is the main driver of unsustainable natural resource use in the Comoro Islands?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Thani Ibouroi ◽  
Said Ali Ousseni Dhurham ◽  
Aurelien Besnard ◽  
Nicolas Lescureux
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
High Level

The Comoros archipelago is a biodiversity hotspot by virtue of its high level of endemism. However, it suffers one of the highest rates of forest loss worldwide, mainly due to strong anthropogenic pressures. As Comorian populations depend on forest resources for subsistence, establishing relevant conservation strategies for their sustainable management requires the consideration of multiple stakeholders perspectives toward biodiversity and habitat conservation. To better understand the relationships between humans and nature; how comorian people use natural resource and the relevance of a protected area for long-term biodiversity conservation, we used Q-methodology to assess local people s perceptions regarding biodiversity and conservation actions. Three discourses are identified during analysis: Pro-environment discourse, Keeping things as usual and Social and environmental concerns. According to the results, employed respondents, were favorable to long-term forest and biodiversity conservation. In contrast, unemployed respondents were in favor of more immediate benefits while unemployed but educated respondents were in favor to both long-term forest conservation and immediate benefits from forests. This suggests that the lack of livelihoods for rural people is the main factor leading them to overharvest natural resources. These results suggest that biodiversity conservation of the Comoros archipelagos may benefit for plan aiming at (1) developing tourism and maintaining sustainable production of crops and livestock that could allow enhancing the livelihoods and well-being of all social groups, (2) developing projects such as local markets that could allow villagers to sell their agricultural production, (3) setting up awareness campaign for tree-planting and reforestation. Reforestation could allow re-establishing natural plants and make large trees available for long-term purposes.

scholarly journals Adapting to Crisis: A Binational Study on the Impact of Flexibility on Latent Profiles of Coping with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Hemi ◽  
Roxanne Sopp ◽  
Sarah Schäfer ◽  
Tanja Michael ◽  
Einat Levy-Gigi
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Binational Study ◽  
High Level ◽  
Regulatory Flexibility ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The high level of uncertainty brought by the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the general population’s well-being and ability to cope with daily challenges. Studies indicate that flexibility, defined as the ability to employ and adapt a variety of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral strategies in accordance with changing contextual demands, may significantly contribute to coping with long-term stressors such as COVID-19. Objectives. We aimed to investigate which facets of flexibility predict different latent coping profiles in Israel and Germany. Methods. 2330 Israelis and 743 Germans completed online questionnaires measuring cognitive, emotional and trauma-related regulatory flexibility, and cognitive, emotional, and behavioral coping with COVID-19. Results. Analyses revealed three distinct coping profiles in each country (high, medium and low). These profiles differed in both anxiety and depression symptoms with the low coping group experiencing clinically relevant symptoms both in Israel and in Germany. Additionally, cognitive flexibility and trauma-related regulatory flexibility, but not emotion regulatory flexibility, emerged as significant predictors of coping in both countries. Conclusions. Training cognitive and trauma-related regulatory flexibility may help individuals to better cope with psychosocial stressors such as COVID-19. Such trainings could be selectively administered to less flexible subpopulations, as well as adapted to the specific population characteristics.

Exploration and research on multiple ways of P.E. Teaching in colleges

2021 ◽  
pp. 002072092199659
Author(s):  
Song Pu Li ◽  
Yong Hang Li
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
The Status ◽  
Higher Institutions ◽  
Full Utilization

Physical education (P.E.) and physical activity are the central and practicable aspects of emotional, mental, and physical well-being. They are crucial determinants of health outcomes within an individuals’ lifespan. P.E. has long-established been the elementary role played by schools in promoting physical activity, which in turn has brought with its numerous benefits as far as health is concerned. Various study approaches have been put in place. These approaches assist in reviewing the status of physical education and physical activity in college institutions. The review process helps solely in examining both their short-term and long-term benefits and effects. Merely introducing physical education facet in colleges and forming review committees will not aid in implementing this curriculum, and appropriate teaching frameworks should be delineated. Proper frameworks set in place will ensure full utilization of physical education methods, which will, in turn, reap more benefits. This study aims to conduct exploratory research on the multiple ways of teaching physical education in higher institutions of learning, in particular, colleges. We will be running a double-blind qualitative case study framework to enumerate the effectiveness of the different strategies of P.E. teaching. Both qualitative and quantitative data will be collected for this study. These data will then be analyzed, after which conclusions will be drawn enumerating the various aspects and how they can be holistically combined to realize effectual benefits.

scholarly journals Сossacks’ Farms in the Conditions of the New Economic Policy of the 1920s: Contradictions of Development (On the Materials of the Don and Kuban Regions)

2019 ◽  
pp. 124-134
Author(s):  
Yuri Yakhutl
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
The Status ◽  
High Level ◽  
Market Relations ◽  
The Village ◽  
Degree Of Recovery

Introduction. The new economic policy is controversial, which manifested itself with a particular force in relation to the grain-producing regions – the Don and the Kuban, the most prosperous groups of farmers – the Cossacks. The degree of recovery of Cossack farms and the level of their differentiation remains controversial. The purpose of the article is to determine the state and contradictions of the development of Don and Kuban Cossack farms in the conditions of the new economic policy of the 1920s. Methods and materials. The work is based on the method of synchronous binary comparative analysis. The source basis is data of economic and demographic statistics of the 1920s, reporting documents of the party and Soviet authorities. Analysis and Results. The article reveals the status and contradictory development trends of Cossack farms in the Don and Kuban in the 1920s. The paper proves that the economic and demographic potential of the Cossack farms in the Don and Kuban regions did not fully recover in the conditions of the NEP. As a result, the NEP measures reduced the number of seedless farms, while the reduction of large kulak farms was due to the expansion of medium-sized groups – marginal and medium-sized ones. There was “equalizing” of the Cossacks, and to a greater extent than “nonresident” peasants. The high level of providing Cossack farms with land plots caused discontent among peasants, and property contradictions remained among Cossacks. The author proves the contradictions of the NEP in the agrarian sphere: between the needs of industrial modernization and the limits of tax possibilities of agriculture; between the authorities’ intention to increase marketability of individual farms and the imperative to curb social inequality; between civil reconciliation and the equalizing land reform. The NEP period can be divided into four stages: between spring 1921 and summer 1924 – gradual revival of market relations stimulating restoration of individual Cossack farms; between autumn 1924 and spring 1926 – “facing the village” course resulting in tax cuts, resolving long-term leases, supporting cooperation and other forms of market self-organization of Cossack farms; summer 1926–1927 – gradual turn to the collapse of the NEP; the turn of 1927–1928 – systematic downturn of the NEP and transition to the full-scale application of administrative-command methods regulating the economy.

scholarly journals SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING OF THE STAFF OF ENTERPRISES WITH DIFFERENT INVOLVEMENT IN INNOVATIVE PROCESSES: AGE ASPECT

2020 ◽  
pp. 186-193
Author(s):  
L. N. Zakharova ◽  
I. S. Leonova
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Personal Involvement ◽  
Innovative Enterprise ◽  
High Level ◽  
Engineering Staff

The results of empirical investigations of subjective well-being of multi-age engineering staff at successful innovative enterprise and the enterprise with long-term problems of transition to innovative development format have been presented. Subjective well-being has been сonsidered as emotional regulator of labor activity and staff acceptance of innovations factor. Readiness for innovative changes, self-esteem of fatigue, health status, stress and age state of health has been studied as indicators of well-being. It has been shown that at ordinary enterprise the most unpleasant indicators of subjective well-being are typical for young staff, but at the innovative enterprise the staff regardless of age have a high level of subjective well-being which is manifested in a commitment to innovative values and personal involvement in the labor process.

scholarly journals Understanding Drivers of Unsustainable Natural Resource Use in the Comoro Islands

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 194008292110325
Author(s):  
Mohamed Thani Ibouroi ◽  
Said Ali Ousseni Dhurham ◽  
Aurélien Besnard ◽  
Nicolas Lescureux
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Q Methodology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
High Level

The Comoros archipelago is a biodiversity hotspot by virtue of its high level of endemism. However, it suffers one of the highest rates of forest loss worldwide, mainly due to strong anthropogenic pressures. As Comorian populations depend on forest resources for subsistence, establishing relevant conservation strategies for their sustainable management requires the consideration of multiple stakeholders’ perspectives toward biodiversity and habitat conservation. To better understand the relationships between humans and nature; how comorian people use natural resource and the relevance of a protected area for long-term biodiversity conservation, we used Q-methodology to assess local people’s perceptions regarding biodiversity and conservation actions. Three discourses are identified during analysis: “Pro-environment discourse”, “Keeping things as usual” and “Social and environmental concerns”. According to the results, employed respondents, were favorable to long-term forest and biodiversity conservation. In contrast, unemployed respondents were in favor of more immediate benefits while unemployed but educated respondents were in favor to both long-term forest conservation and immediate benefits from forests. This suggests that poverty and a lack of access to basic services is associated with overharvesting of natural resources by rural people. These results suggest that biodiversity conservation of the Comoros archipelagos may benefit for plan aiming at (1) developing tourism and maintaining sustainable production of crops and livestock that could allow enhancing livelihoods and well-being of all social groups, (2) developing projects such as local markets that could allow villagers to sell agricultural productions, (3) setting up awareness campaign for tree-planting and reforestation. Reforestation could allow re-establishing natural plants and make large trees available for long-term purposes.

A continuum of transformative service exchange: insights for service and social marketers

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Previte ◽  
Nichola Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Text Mining ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Exchange ◽  
High Level

Purpose Transformative service research (TSR) and social marketing share a common goal, which is to institute social change that improves individual and societal well-being. However, the mechanism via which such improved well-being results or so-called “transformation” occurs, is not well understood. The purpose of this paper is to examine the claims made in the TSR literature to identity the themes and scholarly meaning of “transformative” service exchange; ascertain the mechanisms used in service contexts to realize transformation, including to motivate long-term, sustainable societal change; and develop a transformative service exchange continuum to guide research and managerial approaches that aim to create uplifting social change. The authors recommend their continuum as a framework to inform how social marketing and service scholars design service solutions to address wicked social problems. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a qualitative study where Leximancer, a text-mining tool, is used to visualize the structure of themes and concepts that define transformative service exchanges as explained and applied in the literature. Additionally, a profiling analysis of transformation as it is discussed in the TSR literature is used to identify the mechanisms that service marketers have developed to establish current theorization of service thinking for social change. These qualitative phases of analysis then inform the development of the transformative service exchange continuum. Findings A scoping review identified 51 articles across 12 journals, based on this study’s selection criteria for identifying transformative service exchanges. The Leximancer analysis systematically and efficiently guided the authors’ interpretation of the large data corpus and was used in the identification of service themes. The use of text-mining software afforded a detailed lens to enrich the authors’ interpretation and clarification of six high-level concepts for inclusion on a transformative service exchange continuum. Originality/value This paper aims to unpack the meaning of transformative service exchange by highlighting the mechanism(s) used by researchers when designing social change outcomes. It contributes to TSR via the development of the continuum across micro, meso and macro levels. The temporal nature of transformative service exchanges is also elucidated. This continuum integrates current TSR studies and can guide future service studies in the TSR and social marketing domains.

scholarly journals Women, Gender equality and COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 647-655
Author(s):  
Linda L. Carli
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gender And Work ◽  
The Status ◽  
Work Disruption ◽  
Health And Well Being

Purpose This paper aims to review the existing literature on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender and work roles to determine whether the pandemic has undermined the status, pay and advancement of women or has provided opportunities for reducing gender inequality. Design/methodology/approach The author reviewed the literature on the effects of COVID-19 and past pandemics on gender equality, focusing on job loss, the effects of being in essential occupations on health and well-being, the increased domestic responsibilities of women and men due to closure of schools and other social services and the effects of telecommuting on gender roles. Findings The pandemic has generally created challenges for women’s advancement. More women than men have lost their jobs; more women than men are in essential jobs that expose them to infection and psychological stress, and women have had more work disruption than men have had because of increases in childcare and other responsibilities. On the other hand, telecommuting has increased men’s amount of childcare, and this does have the potential to increase men’s childcare responsibilities in the long term, thereby reducing the gender gap in domestic responsibilities and increasing gender equality. Research limitations/implications The COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing and the research on the pandemic’s effects are new and ongoing. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first scholarly review of the literature on the potential effects of COVID-19 on the gender gap in pay and advancement.

scholarly journals Brewing Unequal Exchanges in Coffee: A Qualitative Investigation into the Consequences of the Java Trade in Rural Uganda

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly F. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Local Environment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Exchange Relationships ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
The Status ◽  
Coffee Cultivation ◽  
Status Of Women

This study represents a qualitative case study examining the broad impacts of coffee cultivation from a rural region in Eastern Uganda, the Bududa District. Over 20 interviews with coffee cultivators provide insights into how the coffee economy impacts gender relations, physical health, deforestation, and economic conditions. While there are some material benefits from cultivating and selling coffee beans, a lack of long-term economic stability for households and the consequences for the status of women, the health of the community, and the local environment calls into question the efficacy of coffee production as a viable development scheme that significantly enhances overall community well-being. This research hopes to bring attention to the mechanisms that enable broader unequal exchange relationships by focusing on the perspectives and experiences of growers in Bududa, Uganda, where a considerable amount of world coffee is grown and supplied to consumers in core nations. 

scholarly journals A. Amarender Reddy, Sandra Ricart and Tim Cadman (2020)TRIBAL AND NON-TRIBAL FARMERS’ LAND RIGHTS AND FOOD SECURITY PROMOTION IN TELANGANA, SOUTH ASIA RESEARCH Vol. 40(1): 75–93

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Amarender Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Tribal Farmers

This article examines and compares the status of landrights and their impacts on agricultural productivity, food security and well-being in a set of tribal and non-tribal villages in Telangana. Based on an intensive field survey, the research confirms that tribals without formal land rights remain largely unable to benefit from government support and access to private institutions in terms ofgetting credit and farm extension, whereas in non-tribal villages, government organisations are pro-active in providing such support. These findings confirm the need to increase the effectiveness of land rights and title documentation in India’s tribal villages to protectlocal people’s investments in land, enhance agricultural productivity and strengthen the long-term effectiveness of government programmes, which include avoidance of migration to the big cities.

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