Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Adolescent Males

There is limited knowledge about the unique relations between adolescent reactive and proactive aggression and later psychosocial adjustment in early adulthood. Accordingly, this study prospectively examined associations between adolescent (mean age = 16) reactive and proactive aggression and psychopathic features, antisocial behavior, negative emotionality, and substance use measured 10 years later in early adulthood (mean age = 26). Study questions were examined in a longitudinal sample of 335 adolescent males. Path analyses indicate that after controlling for the stability of the outcome and the overlap between the two subtypes of aggression, reactive aggression is uniquely associated with negative emotionality, specifically anxiety, in adulthood. In contrast, proactive aggression is uniquely associated with measures of adult psychopathic features and antisocial behavior in adulthood. Both reactive and proactive aggression uniquely predicted substance use in adulthood, but the substances varied by subtype of aggression. Implications for findings are discussed.

Download Full-text

An International Study of Pro/Antisocial Behavior in Young Adults

Cross-Cultural Research ◽

10.1177/1069397119850741 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 92-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Miguel Basto-Pereira ◽

Inês Queiroz-Garcia ◽

Laura Maciel ◽

Isabel Leal ◽

Maria Gouveia-Pereira

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Antisocial Behavior ◽

Psychosocial Adjustment ◽

Longitudinal Research ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

International Study ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Research Project ◽

Data Collection Process ◽

Meta Analyses

This article presents an international study of pro/antisocial behavior in young adults (SOCIALDEVIANCE1820). This is an ongoing cross-continental longitudinal research project that includes data and researchers from multiple countries across five continents. It aims to explore the intercultural universality of the risk and protective factors associated with pro/antisocial behavior and psychosocial adjustment during early adulthood. Researchers from all countries involved have already translated their questionnaires, selected an appropriate team, and started the data collection process. It is expected that this intercontinental longitudinal research project will have a tremendous social and scientific impact; this study will allow researchers to overcome many limitations of previous meta-analyses, such as limiting the applicability of data to developed countries and the bias caused by combining different assessment methods. Challenges in implementing cross-national studies, and the importance of this type of study to global policies, are discussed.

Download Full-text

The different origins of stability and change in antisocial personality disorder symptoms

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291706009020 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 27-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

S. ALEXANDRA BURT ◽

MATT McGUE ◽

LATANYA A. CARTER ◽

WILLIAM G. IACONO

Keyword(s):

Personality Disorder ◽

Antisocial Behavior ◽

Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Environmental Influences ◽

Late Adolescence ◽

Antisocial Personality ◽

Environmental Variance ◽

Stability And Change ◽

The Stability

Background. Although adult antisocial personality disorder is generally preceded by a pattern of childhood/adolescent conduct problems, only a subset of those who manifest these developmental precursors go on exhibit significant antisocial behavior in adulthood. To date, however, researchers have yet to resolve the origins of either stability or change in antisocial behavior from childhood/adolescence to adulthood.Method. The present study sought to fill this gap in the literature, making use of a sample of 626 twin pairs from the ongoing Minnesota Twin Family Study (MTFS). Participants were assessed three times between late adolescence and early adulthood. We made use of biometric Cholesky decomposition and latent growth curve modeling techniques, which allow researchers to disambiguate processes of stability and change and evaluate their respective etiologies (i.e. genetic or environmental).Results. Our results revealed that genetic forces were largely responsible for the stability of adult symptoms of antisocial behavior (AAB) from late adolescence through mid-adulthood, while non-shared environmental influences were primarily responsible for change. Importantly, however, although some of the latter represented systematic and long-lasting influence, much of this non-shared environmental variance appeared transient and idiosyncratic.Conclusions. Such findings highlight the enduring impact of genetic influences on AAB, and offer insights into the nature of non-shared environmental influences on development.

Download Full-text

Effect of adolescent substance use and antisocial behavior on the development of early adulthood depression

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.036 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 238 ◽

pp. 143-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tai Kiu Choi ◽

Matthew J. Worley ◽

Ryan S. Trim ◽

David Howard ◽

Sandra A. Brown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Antisocial Behavior ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Adolescent Substance Use ◽

Adolescent Substance

Download Full-text

Hostility and normative beliefs in reactive and proactive aggression: A structural model

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e552512012-008 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

J. M. Andreu ◽

J. M. Ramirez

Keyword(s):

Structural Model ◽

Proactive Aggression ◽

Normative Beliefs ◽

Reactive And Proactive Aggression

Download Full-text

Polygenic Scores Predict the Development of Alcohol and Nicotine Use Problems from Adolescence through Young Adulthood

10.31234/osf.io/axkqb ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joseph D. Deak ◽

D. Angus Clark ◽

Mengzhen Liu ◽

C. Emily Durbin ◽

William G. Iacono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Externalizing Behavior ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Predictive Utility ◽

Problematic Use ◽

Discovery Sample ◽

Polygenic Scores

Objective: Molecular genetic studies of alcohol and nicotine have identified many genome-wide loci. We examined the predictive utility of drinking and smoking polygenic scores (PGS) for alcohol and nicotine use from late childhood to early adulthood, substance-specific versus broader-liability PGS effects, and if PGS performance varied between consumption versus pathological use. Methods: Latent growth curve models with structured residuals were used to assess the predictive utility of drinks per week and regular smoking PGS for measures of alcohol and nicotine consumption and problematic use from age 14 to 34. PGSs were generated from the largest discovery sample for alcohol and nicotine use to date (i.e., GSCAN), and examined for associations with alcohol and nicotine use in the Minnesota Twin Family Study (N=3225).Results: The drinking PGS was a significant predictor of age 14 problematic alcohol use and increases in problematic use during young adulthood. The smoking PGS was a significant predictor for all nicotine use outcomes. After adjusting for the effects of both PGSs, the smoking PGS demonstrated incremental predictive utility for most alcohol use outcomes and remained a significant predictor of nicotine use trajectories. Conclusions: Higher PGS for drinking and smoking were associated with more problematic levels of substance use longitudinally. The smoking PGS seems to capture both nicotine-specific and non-specific genetic liability for substance use, and may index genetic risk for broader externalizing behavior. Validation of PGS within longitudinal designs may have important clinical implications should future studies support the clinical utility of PGS for substance use disorders.

Download Full-text

Dispositional Negative Emotionality in Childhood and Adolescence Predicts Structural Variation in the Amygdala and Caudal Anterior Cingulate During Early Adulthood: Theoretically and Empirically Based Tests

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology ◽

10.1007/s10802-021-00811-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Benjamin B. Lahey ◽

Kendra E. Hinton ◽

Leah Burgess ◽

Francisco C. Meyer ◽

Bennett A. Landman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Variation ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Negative Emotionality ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Childhood And Adolescence

Download Full-text

Socialization processes within adolescents’ relationships with parents and peers predicting couples’ intimate partner violence in adulthood: A social learning perspective

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579421000602 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Thao Ha ◽

Mark J. Van Ryzin ◽

Kit K. Elam

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Substance Use ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Violent Behavior ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

High Risk Sexual Behavior ◽

Self Reports ◽

Socialization Processes ◽

Risk Sexual Behavior

Abstract Previous studies have established that individual characteristics such as violent behavior, substance use, and high-risk sexual behavior, as well as negative relationships with parents and friends, are all risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV). In this longitudinal prospective study, we investigated whether violent behavior, substance use, and high-risk sexual behavior in early adulthood (ages 22–23 years) mediated the link between family conflict and coercive relationship talk with friends in adolescence (ages 16–17 years) and dyadic IPV in adulthood (ages 28–30 years). A total of 998 individuals participated in multimethod assessments, including observations of interactions with parents and friends. Data from multiple reporters were used for variables of interest including court records, parental and self-reports of violence, self-reports of high-sexual-risk behaviors and substance use, and self- and romantic partner-reports of IPV. Longitudinal mediation analyses showed that violent behavior during early adulthood mediated the link between coercive relationship talk with friends in adolescence and dyadic IPV in adulthood. No other mediation paths were found and there was no evidence of gender differences. Results are discussed with attention to the interpersonal socialization processes by which IPV emerges relative to individual risk factors.

Download Full-text

Relating Reactive and Proactive Aggression to Trait Driving Anger in Young and Adult Males: A Pilot Study Using Explicit and Implicit Measures

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13041850 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1850

Author(s):

Veerle Ross ◽

Nora Reinolsmann ◽

Jill Lobbestael ◽

Chantal Timmermans ◽

Tom Brijs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Cognitive Biases ◽

Young Male ◽

Proactive Aggression ◽

Implicit Measures ◽

Adult Males ◽

Young Males ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Driving Anger ◽

Reactive And Proactive Aggression

Driving anger and aggressive driving are main contributors to crashes, especially among young males. Trait driving anger is context-specific and unique from other forms of anger. It is necessary to understand the mechanisms of trait driving anger to develop targeted interventions. Although literature conceptually distinguished reactive and proactive aggression, this distinction is uncommon in driving research. Similar, cognitive biases related to driving anger, measured by a combination of explicit and implicit measures, received little attention. This pilot study related explicit and implicit measures associated with reactive and proactive aggression to trait driving anger, while considering age. The sample consisted of 42 male drivers. The implicit measures included a self-aggression association (i.e., Single-Target Implicit Association Test) and an attentional aggression bias (i.e., Emotional Stroop Task). Reactive aggression related positively with trait driving anger. Moreover, a self-aggression association negatively related to trait driving anger. Finally, an interaction effect for age suggested that only in young male drivers, higher proactive aggression related to lower trait driving anger. These preliminary results motivate further attention to the combination of explicit and implicit measures related to reactive and proactive aggression in trait driving anger research.

Download Full-text