The Role of Tablet-Based Psychological Tasks in Risk Assessment

Risk assessment has become a prominent part of the criminal justice system in many jurisdictions, typically relying on structured questions and an interview. This approach, however, may not accurately assess certain psychological concepts correlated with reoffense, such as executive functioning, ability to plan, impulse control, risk-taking, aggression, and empathy. We hypothesized that using rapid-tablet-based neurocognitive tests would pay off in terms of objectivity, precision, and scalability when added to the existing risk assessment structure. We analyzed 240 observations from adult felony offenders from a large urban county in the South assessed by the Texas version of the Ohio Risk Assessment System (ORAS) risk tool. We identified significant differences in impulse control, planning, and reactive aggression between offenders and reoffenders. By combining these variables with the Texas Risk Assessment System (TRAS), we yielded significant improvements in risk prediction. We hope this will provide new inroads for actuarial assessments of reoffense risk that incorporate direct measurements of individual decision making.

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The Role of Risk Assessment in the Criminal Justice System: Moving Beyond a Return to the Status Quo

10.1162/99608f92.181cd09f ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah L. Desmarais

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Criminal Justice ◽

Criminal Justice System ◽

Justice System ◽

Status Quo ◽

The Status

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Young and Dangerous: The Role of Youth in Risk Assessment Instruments

Michigan Law Review ◽

10.36644/mlr.120.3.young ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 545

Author(s):

Ingrid Yin

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Risk Factor ◽

High Risk ◽

Justice System ◽

Assessment Instruments ◽

Great Weight ◽

Proper Role ◽

Principles Of Justice ◽

Mitigating Factor

States are increasingly adopting risk assessment instruments (RAIs) to help judges determine the appropriate type and length of punishment for an offender. Although this sentencing practice has been met with a wide variety of scholarly criticism, there has been virtually no discussion of how RAIs treat youth as a strong factor contributing to a high risk score. This silence is puzzling. Not only is youth undoubtedly the most powerful risk factor in most RAIs, but youth also holds a special place in the criminal justice system as a “mitigating factor of great weight.” This Comment presents the first in-depth critique of RAIs with respect to their treatment of youth. It argues that, as currently designed and implemented, RAIs both contradict longstanding and widespread views about the proper role of youth as a factor in punishment and undermine efforts to craft proportionate sentences consistent with principles of justice and modern social science.

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Imaging Impulsivity in Parkinson's Disease and the Contribution of the Subthalamic Nucleus

Parkinson s Disease ◽

10.4061/2011/594860 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nicola Ray ◽

Francesca Antonelli ◽

Antonio P. Strafella

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Subthalamic Nucleus ◽

Risk Taking ◽

Impulse Control ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Trait Impulsivity ◽

Imaging Methodology ◽

Deep Brain

Taking risks is a natural human response, but, in some, risk taking is compulsive and may be detrimental. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is thought to play a large role in our ability to inhibit responses. Differences between individuals' ability to inhibit inappropriate responses may underlie both the normal variation in trait impulsivity in the healthy population, as well as the pathological compulsions experienced by those with impulse control disorders (ICDs). Thus, we review the role of the STN in response inhibition, with a particular focus on studies employing imaging methodology. We also review the latest evidence that disruption of the function of the STN by deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease can increase impulsivity.

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The Role of Internal Control Components on Financing Activities in Jordan Islamic Bank (North Region)

International Journal of Economics and Finance ◽

10.5539/ijef.v10n2p57 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Hani Ali Aref Al-Rawashdeh

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Significant Role ◽

Internal Control ◽

Assessment System ◽

Control Environment ◽

Islamic Bank ◽

Study Population ◽

High Level ◽

Very High

The current study aims to define the role of internal control components on financing activities in Jordan Islamic Bank. The study population was made of all the funding granting committees’ employees in Jordan Islamic Bank (North region); (48) employees in (2017). The study sample included the study population as a whole, but due to the absence of some employees, the study sample was made of (40) employees as a result. To accomplish the study objectives, both; the descriptive and analytical approaches have been used, besides (T-test) and simple linear regression analysis. The study reached several results, the most important among them were: there is a statistically significant role for the internal control components on the financing activities in Jordan Islamic Bank (North region) at Sig. (α≤0.05), with a high level. there is a statistically significant role for the internal control environment over the financing activities in Jordan Islamic Bank (North region) with a very high level at Sig. (α≤0.05), there is a statistically significant role for the internal control activities accredited by the internal control committees over the financing activities in Jordan Islamic Bank (North region) with a very high level at Sig. (α≤0.05), there is a statistically significant role for the communication and information system applied by the internal control committees over the financing activities in Jordan Islamic Bank (North region) with a very high level at Sig. (α≤0.05), there is a statistically significant role for the follow-up system adopted by the internal control committees over the financing activities in Jordan Islamic Bank (North region) with a very high level at Sig. (α≤0.05), and there is a statistically significant role for the risk assessment system applied by the internal control committees over the financing activities in Jordan Islamic Bank (North region) with a medium level at Sig. (α≤0.05). Based on these results, the researcher recommended the importance of developing the internal control environment and increasing its efficiency, besides, maintaining the quality of policies and procedures that helps guaranteeing executing the management views and developing the risk assessment system.

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