Crime and Cognition

The authors first summarize briefly the results of a recent meta-analysis of community-based interventions for delinquents, pointing to the generally low-order results of such efforts. The characteristics of effective interventions are then noted. The bulk of the paper is a discussion of the theoretical basis, intervention strategy, and dissemination of an innovative and cognitively based community intervention—sociomoral reasoning development. Particular attention is given to consideration of those factors—particularly organizational ones—that facilitate the adoption of such interventions.

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SAFER brief community intervention: a primary suicide prevention strategy to improve firearm and medication storage behaviour

Injury Prevention ◽

10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043902 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. injuryprev-2020-043902

Author(s):

Jennifer Paige Stuber ◽

Anne Massey ◽

Morgan Meadows ◽

Brett Bass ◽

Ali Rowhani-Rahbar

Keyword(s):

Suicide Prevention ◽

Brief Intervention ◽

Military Service ◽

Community Intervention ◽

Intervention Strategy ◽

Elevated Risk ◽

Community Based Interventions ◽

Community Based ◽

Safe Medication ◽

Medication Storage

ObjectiveTo determine if a brief intervention, called Signpost, Assess, Facts, Emotion, Recommend (SAFER), designed to motivate changes in behaviour to secure firearms and medications to prevent future suicide is feasible to implement in community-based settings such as gun shows, acceptable to participants at higher risk for suicide including veterans and men in the middles years (35–64) and improves firearm and medication locking behaviours.Methods1175 people received SAFER over a 12-month period at 18 gun shows and community events in 2019 and completed a preassessment measuring firearms ownership, storage practices, knowledge about suicide as the leading type of firearm fatality and attitudes about suicide prevention. 372 responded to a brief postassessment using comparable measures.Results85% of participants reported keeping firearms at home. 43.7% reported current or prior military service. 53.2% were males between the ages of 35 and 64. Among those who responded to the postassessment, 61% of participants reported SAFER to be highly valuable. Safe firearms storage improved among participants who completed the preassessment and postassessment (51.2% pre, 66.0% post; p<0.01) as did safe medication storage (14.8% pre, 21.6% post; p=0.01). Knowledge that most firearm fatalities are suicides (33.4% pre, 45.8% post; p<0.01) also improved.ConclusionsIt is feasible, acceptable and effective to reach groups at elevated risk for suicide using a brief intervention strategy in unconventional settings. Community-based interventions to improve safe storage motivated by suicide prevention messaging should be prioritised because men in the middle years are less likely to use mental health services.

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Community-based interventions for childhood asthma using comprehensive approaches: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Allergy Asthma & Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1186/s13223-021-00522-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mei Chan ◽

Melinda Gray ◽

Christine Burns ◽

Louisa Owens ◽

Susan Woolfenden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Childhood Asthma ◽

Action Plan ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Care Utilization ◽

Community Based Interventions ◽

Community Based

Abstract Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of comprehensive community-based interventions with ≥ 2 components in improving asthma outcomes in children. Methods A systematic search of Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Cochrane Library and hand search of reference collections were conducted to identify any research articles published in English between 2000 and 2019. All studies reporting community-based asthma interventions with ≥ 2 components (e.g., asthma self-management education, home environmental assessment or care coordination etc.) for children aged ≤ 18 years were included. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects model to estimate pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Of the 2352 studies identified, 21 studies were included in the final analysis: 19 pre-post interventions, one randomised controlled trial (RCT) and one retrospective study. Comprehensive asthma programs with multicomponent interventions were associated with significant reduction in asthma-related Emergency Department (ED) visits (OR = 0.26; 95% CI 0.20–0.35), hospitalizations (OR = 0.24; 95% CI 0.15–0.38), number of days (mean difference = − 2.58; 95% CI − 3.00 to − 2.17) and nights with asthma symptoms (mean difference = − 2.14; 95% CI − 2.94 to − 1.34), use of short-acting asthma medications/bronchodilators (BD) (OR = 0.28; 95% CI 0.16–0.51), and increase use of asthma action plan (AAP) (OR = 8.87; 95% CI 3.85–20.45). Conclusion Community-based asthma care using more comprehensive approaches may improve childhood asthma management and reduce asthma related health care utilization.

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Pre-Intervention Effects of a Community-Based Intervention Targeting Alcohol Use (LEF); The Role of Participatory Research and Publicity

10.20944/preprints202107.0337.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ina Koning ◽

Vincent G. van der Rijst ◽

John B. F. de Wit ◽

Charlotte De Kock

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Participatory Research ◽

Essential Feature ◽

Self Report ◽

Community Based Interventions ◽

Community Based ◽

Intervention Effects ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Impact

This study explores the impact of the ‘pre-intervention effects’ of a community-based interventions. This refers to participatory research processes and parallel publicity in the media on changes in alcohol use and relevant mechanisms (rules and norms about alcohol, accessibility of alcohol in a formal setting) among adolescents before any intervention is implemented. In a quasi-experimental study, adolescent data were collected twice by means of self-report among adolescents living in two municipalities (control and experimental condition). Regression analysis showed pre-intervention main effects on adolescents’ perceived accessibility of alcohol in a formal setting. Moreover, among adolescents aged 15 years and older, the normative decline in strictness of rules and norms was less steep in the experimental condition compared to the control condition. Also, adolescents aged 14 years and younger in the experimental condition reported more weekly drinking compared to their peers in the control condition. No differential effects across gender were found. To conclude, applying a co-creational approach in the development of an intervention, not only contributes to more effective interventions in the end, but involvement of and discussions in the community at the start of intervention planning are contributing to changes in targeted factors. This implies that public discussions about the development of intervention strategies should be considered as an essential feature of co-creation in community-based interventions.

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Preventing Elderly Suicide Through Primary Care by Community-Based Screening for Depression in Rural Japan

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910.27.2.58 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 58-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Hirofumi Oyama ◽

Masahiro Goto ◽

Motoi Fujita ◽

Hiroshi Shibuya ◽

Tomoe Sakashita

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Suicide Rate ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Community Intervention ◽

Reference Group ◽

The Elderly ◽

Community Based Interventions ◽

Community Based ◽

Intervention Area ◽

Elderly Suicide

Depression is a major cause of suicide among the elderly. Few previous community-based interventions against depression have reduced the suicide rate. This study aims to evaluate outcomes of a community-based program to prevent suicide among the elderly using a quasi-experimental design with a neighboring reference group. The program, including depression screening with follow-up and health education through primary care and public health nursing, was implemented for 10 years in Matsudai town, a rural area of Japan (population 6,015; suicide rate per 105 [≥65-year-olds] for males 290.6, and for females 361.3). Changes in the suicide risk were estimated by the incidence rate ratio (IRR). The female risk of completing suicide in the intervention area was reduced by 70% (age-adjusted IRR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.14-0.67), while there was no change in the risk for males in the intervention area nor for males or females in the reference area (Kawanishi town: population 9,425; elderly suicide rate for males 212.2, females 151.9). A ratio of the female IRR in the intervention area to that in its prefecture was also estimated at 0.45 (95% CI: 0.19-0.97), showing that the reduction of suicide risk in the intervention area was greater than the historical trend. A community intervention against suicide using management of depression with nonpsychiatric, primary health care would be effective for elderly females, but not males.

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Community Interventions: A Brief Overview and Their Application to the Obesity Epidemic

The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics ◽

10.1111/j.1748-720x.2007.00117.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 131-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Christina D. Economos ◽

Sonya Irish-Hauser

Keyword(s):

Ecological Model ◽

Community Intervention ◽

Economic Status ◽

Community Interventions ◽

Community Based Interventions ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Based Research ◽

Research Perspective ◽

Obesity Epidemic ◽

Group Memberships

Defining community from a research perspective is difficult. Communities consist of environmental, social, and geographic components. In addition, race, ethnicity, socio-economic status (SES), and group memberships often play roles in community identity. Barry Wellman and Scot Wortley urge that to truly understand and influence a community, and most certainly to conduct research within communities, one must take into account the varied nature of relationships and networks and how they may work together synergistically to meet the needs of community members. Using the Social Ecological Model, with its delineation of multiple spheres of influence (individual-interpersonal-organizational-community-public policy), community-based research has attempted to reach this understanding. Although dramatic shifts have not yet been realized, many studies suggest improved health behaviors and healthy environments, which indicate a promising future for community intervention work. The discussion that follows reviews the theory and rationale for community-based interventions, the socialecological approach to understanding and studying obesity, and the progress and promise of community interventions.

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Effect of Female Sex Work Targeted Community-based Interventions Along the HIV Treatment Cascade in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-112779/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lydia Atuhaire ◽

Olatunji Adetokunboh ◽

Constance Shumba ◽

Peter S Nyasulu

Keyword(s):

Hiv Testing ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hiv Care ◽

Hiv Diagnosis ◽

Community Based Interventions ◽

Community Based ◽

Hiv Services ◽

Hiv Care Cascade ◽

Care Cascade ◽

Sub Saharan

Abstract Background: Female Sex Workers are extremely vulnerable and highly susceptibility to being infected with human immunodeficiency virus. As a result, community based targeted interventions have been recommended as one of the models of care to improve access to HIV services and continued engagement in care. However little is known about the specific community intervention packages that have optimal effect on FSWs access and retention in HIV care. This paper synthesized evidence on the effectiveness of community-based interventions that provided HIV services to FSWs across all stages of HIV care cascade.Methods: We defined the 5 steps that make up the HIV care cascade and categorized them as outcomes, namely HIV testing, HIV diagnosis, linkage to care, ART use and viral suppression. We conducted a systematic search of randomized controlled trials, cohort and cross sectional studies done in sub-Saharan African countries and published from 2004 to 2020. We reviewed studies with data on the implementation of community interventions for any of the HIV care cascade stage. The data were analyzed using random effects meta-analysis where possible and for the rest of the studies, data were synthesized using summary statistics. Results: The significant impact of the community interventions was observed on HIV testing, HIV diagnosis and ART use. However, for HIV testing and ART use, the improvement was not sustained for the entire period of implementation. There were minimal interventions that had impact on HIV diagnosis, with only one community service delivery model showing significance. Generally, the interventions that had reasonable impact are those that implemented targeted and comprehensive package of HIV services provided at one location, and with unique strategies specific to each cascade stage.Conclusions: The effect of community-based interventions varies across the different stages of HIV care cascade with impact observed in specific strategies with features unique to each cascade stage. Moreover, positive effects of these strategies were short term and with small-scale implementation. As such, the information on long-term treatment outcomes, and the extent to which FSWs remain engaged in care is sparse. There is need to conduct a further research to deepen the assessment of the effectiveness of community-based interventions on HIV care cascade for FSWs. This will enhance identification of evidence based optimal interventions that will guide effective allocation of scarce resources for strategies that would have a significant impact on HIV service delivery.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020157623.

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Embedding Ethnocultural Empathy in a Community-Based Health Intervention Writing Assignment

Prompt A Journal of Academic Writing Assignments ◽

10.31719/pjaw.v5i1.67 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 54-62

Author(s):

Maranda Ward

Keyword(s):

Health Equity ◽

Online Community ◽

Racial Bias ◽

Community Intervention ◽

Program Planning ◽

Local Health ◽

Community Based Interventions ◽

Community Based ◽

Ethnocultural Empathy ◽

Final Project

This article describes an undergraduate health sciences course where students propose a community-level intervention that addresses a local health disparity. Students use community planning principles and health equity concepts as a final project in their 8-week online community-engaged course. The student-proposed project engages a community in health education or promotion-program planning and allows for faculty assessment of pedagogical decisions. A curricular commitment to health equity enhances the capacity and competency of learners to address the structural inequities that fuel pervasive health disparities among socially disadvantaged populations. Ethnocultural empathy or racial/ethnic perspective taking is used as a measurable competency. The final paper requires students to describe how the perspectives of Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) have shaped their proposed community intervention. They are also asked to offer recommendations on how to best mitigate the racial bias that may show up in community-based interventions.

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Integrated community-based interventions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)：A systematic review and meta-analysis (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.32402 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zihui Wang ◽

Guannan Cai ◽

Zhiqing Zhan ◽

Yutong Chen ◽

Qing Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Walking Distance ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Community Based Interventions ◽

Community Based ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Copd Patients

BACKGROUND Limited evidence supports integrated community-based interventions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. We aimed to assess whether integrated community-based interventions could result in better health outcomes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess whether integrated community-based interventions could result in better health outcomes. METHODS Relevant articles published from January 1, 2005, to October 15, 2020 were obtained. A total of 28 reports with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were finally included in this meta-analysis. RESULTS Integrated community-based interventions could reduce all-cause hospitalization days per patient [weighted mean difference (95% confidence interval) -1.50 (-2.39, -0.61)], improve 6-minutes walking distance [WMD (95% CI) 10.75 (10.64, 10.86)], and reduce St.George's Respiratory Questionnaire total score per year [WMD (95% CI) -3.36 (-5.30, -1.42)], while could not reduce yearly decline in the lung function, all-cause mortality and all-cause hospital admissions in COPD patients. The efficiency of integrated community-based interventions might attribute to the implements of physical activity, medication management, self-management and long-term intervention (i.e., >12 months). CONCLUSIONS Integrated community-based interventions may have a potential to improve health-related outcomes for COPD.

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Effect of a pilot community intervention on fruit and vegetable intakes: use of FACET (Five-a-day Community Evaluation Tool)

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980007382517 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 671-680 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

PAL Ashfield-Watt ◽

AA Welch ◽

S Godward ◽

SA Bingham

Keyword(s):

Community Intervention ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Fruit And Vegetables ◽

Fruit And Vegetable ◽

Evaluation Tool ◽

Food Diary ◽

Community Based Interventions ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Evaluation

AbstractBackgroundIn 2001 the UK Department of Health funded pilot community-based interventions to improve fruit and vegetable intakes in five economically deprived areas of England. The effectiveness of the programme and the use of a brief tool for evaluating community interventions are reported here.MethodsData on intakes of and beliefs about fruit and vegetables were collected by a short postal questionnaire (FACET – Five-a-day Community Evaluation Tool) simultaneously from 810 individuals living in the pilot communities and 270 individuals who were participating in an unrelated observational study (controls). Data were collected before and after a 12-month intervention period. Quantitative dietary data derived from 7-day food diaries available for control subjects were used to assess the ability of the FACET questionnaire to estimate fruit and vegetable intakes.ResultsCompared with controls, the intervention group significantly increased their knowledge of the 5-a-day optimum (P < 0.01) and reported increased access to fruits and vegetables (P < 0.001). Overall, the intervention had no demonstrable effect on total fruit and vegetable intakes as measured by FACET. However, smoking habit strongly predicted change in fruit and vegetable intakes (P < 0.01) in the intervention group. Opposite trends were observed in the two groups, with ‘smokers’ and ‘non-smokers’ in the intervention and control groups respectively reducing their fruit and vegetable intakes. The FACET questionnaire agreed with food diary estimates of fruit and vegetable intakes in 56% of cases.ConclusionsCommunity-based interventions can produce important changes in knowledge of and access to fruit and vegetables. However, in this study change in fruit and vegetable intakes was strongly influenced by smoking habit. This bias needs to be considered in planning future intervention and evaluation programmes. The FACET questionnaire provides acceptable estimates of fruit and vegetable intakes which may be used for grading intake in large community-based projects.

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Kaʻu Community Asthma Management Program

Asian/Pacific Island Nursing Journal ◽

10.31372/20200503.1091 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 170-172

Author(s):

Luzviminda Banez Luzviminda Banez Miguel

Keyword(s):

Action Plan ◽

Asthma Management ◽

Management Program ◽

Self Management ◽

Racially Diverse ◽

Community Based Interventions ◽

Community Based ◽

Flow Meters ◽

Doctor Of Nursing Practice ◽

Effective Interventions

The “Kaʻu Community Asthma Management Program” (KCAMP) is a quality improvement and evidence-based practice Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project. KCAMP’s objective was to determine whether community-based asthma education, self management, self-efficacy, an asthma action plan, journal writing, and use of peak flow meters reduce asthma exacerbations. The literature supports these effective interventions for asthma control (Andrews, Jones, & Mullan, 2014; Chen, Sheu, Chang, Wang, & Huang, 2010; Federman et al., 2013). KCAMP was designed with community-based interventions to improve the practice of management of asthma, decrease hospital and doctors’ visits’ costs, and improve the lives of people who have asthma. Fourteen adult residents with asthma from the Kaʻu District, ages 28 to 75, participated in the program. There were 64% (n = 9) females and 36% (n = 5) males. The racially diverse group included ten Hawaiians, three Asians, and one Caucasian.

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