Experimental study on mechanical properties of polypropylene nanocomposites reinforced with a hybrid graphene/PP-g-MA/kenaf fiber by response surface methodology

2021 ◽  
pp. 009524432110153
Author(s):  
Jaber Mirzaei ◽  
Abdolhossein Fereidoon ◽  
Ahmad Ghasemi-Ghalebahman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Polypropylene Nanocomposites ◽  
Kenaf Fibers ◽  
Internal Mixer

In this study, the mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)-based nanocomposites reinforced with graphene nanosheets, kenaf fiber, and polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used as the experimental design. The blends fabricated in three levels of parameters include 0, 0.75, and 1.5 wt% graphene nanosheets, 0, 7.5, and 15 wt% kenaf fiber, and 0, 3, and 6 wt% PP-g-MA, prepared by an internal mixer and a hot press machine. The fiber length was 5 mm and was being constant for all samples. Tensile, flexural, and impact tests were conducted to determine the blend properties. The purpose of this research is to achieve the highest mechanical properties of the considered nanocomposite blend. The addition of graphene nanosheets to 1 wt% increased the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths by 16%, 24%, and 19%, respectively, and an addition up to 1.5 wt% reduced them. With further addition of graphene nanosheets until 1.5 wt%, the elastic modulus was increased by 70%. Adding the kenaf fiber up to 15 wt% increased the elastic modulus, tensile, flexural, and impact strength by 24%, 84%, 18%, and 11%, respectively. The addition of PP-g-MA has increased the adhesion, dispersion and compatibility of graphene nanosheets and kenaf fibers with matrix. With 6 wt% PP-g-MA, the tensile strength and elastic modulus were increased by 18% and 75%, respectively. The addition of PP-g-MA to 5 wt% increased the flexural and impact strengths by 10% and 5%, respectively. From the entire experimental data, the optimum values for elastic modulus, as well as, tensile, flexural, and impact strengths in the blends were obtained to be 4 GPa, 33.7896 MPa, 57.6306 MPa, and 100.1421 J/m, respectively. Finally, samples were studied by FE-SEM to check the dispersion of graphene nanosheets, PP-g-MA and kenaf fibers in the polymeric matrix.

Effects of Particulate Types on Biomass Particulate Filled Kenaf/Polypropylene Composite

2016 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Abrar Abd Latif ◽  
Mohd Edeerozey Abd Manaf ◽  
Muhammad Izzat Syahmi Firdaus ◽  
Loganarrth Maslamany ◽  
Rose Farahiyan Munawar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Shell Particle ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Internal Mixer

The application of natural fibers in composite is very encouraging because of its many benefits such as more environmental friendly and cost reduction. Recently, there is an interest on the application of kenaf-based material for high-end uses such as in automotive industry. In this research, mechanical properties of kenaf fiber reinforced polypropylene (KFRP) composite added with two different types of bio-based fillers, i.e., oil palm shell particle (OPSP) and rubber seed shell particle (RSSP) are studied. The composites were prepared by melt mixing of the materials using internal mixer, followed by compression molding process using hot press machine. The tensile and flexural strength were found to increase with the addition of OPSP as well as RSSP. However, KFRP composite added with RSSP showed better tensile, flexural and impact properties as compared to the composite added with OPSP. From microscopic observation of the raw OPSP and RSSP particles, it was observed that OPSP showed a more granular shape, while RSSP particles were flakier in shape. This difference in particle shape is believed to affect the mechanical properties of the composites as demonstrated in this study.

Optimization of mechanical properties of polypropylene/talc/graphene composites using response surface methodology

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faramarz Ashenai Ghasemi ◽  
Ismail Ghasemi ◽  
Saman Menbari ◽  
Mohsen Ayaz ◽  
Alireza Ashori
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface

scholarly journals Influence of layering pattern of modified kenaf fiber on thermomechanical properties of epoxy composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
AR Mohammed ◽  
MS Nurul Atiqah ◽  
Deepu A Gopakumar ◽  
MR Fazita ◽  
Samsul Rizal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Epoxy Matrix ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Kenaf Fibers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Woven Kenaf

Natural fiber-reinforced composites gained considerable interest in the scientific community due to their eco-friendly nature, cost-effective, and excellent mechanical properties. Here, we reported a chemical modification of kenaf fiber using propionic anhydride to enhance the compatibility with the epoxy matrix. The incorporation of the modified woven and nonwoven kenaf fibers into the epoxy matrix resulted in the improvement of the thermal and mechanical properties of the composite. The thermal stability of the epoxy composites was enhanced from 403°C to 677°C by incorporating modified woven kenaf fibers into the epoxy matrix. The modified and unmodified woven kenaf fiber-reinforced epoxy composites had a tensile strength of 64.11 and 58.82 MPa, respectively. The modified woven composites had highest flexural strength, which was 89.4 MPa, whereas, for unmodified composites, it was 86.8 MPa. The modified woven fiber-reinforced epoxy composites showed the highest value of flexural modulus, which was 6.0 GPa compared to unmodified woven composites (5.51 GPa). The impact strength of the epoxy composites was enhanced to 9.43 kJ m−2 by the incarnation of modified woven kenaf fibers into epoxy matrix. This study will be an effective platform to design the chemical modification strategy on natural fibers for enhancing the compatibility toward the hydrophobic polymer matrices.

scholarly journals Process Parameter Optimization in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salman Mustafa ◽  
Muhammad Qasim Zafar ◽  
Muhammad Arslan Muneer ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
Farrukh Arsalan Siddiqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Printing Parameters

Abstract Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a widely adopted additive manufacturing process to produce complex 3D structures and it is typically used in the fabrication of biodegradable materials e.g. PLA/PHA for biomedical applications. However, FDM as a fabrication process for such material needs to be optimized to enhance mechanical properties. In this study, dogbone and notched samples are printed with the FDM process to determine optimum values of printing parameters for superior mechanical properties. The effect of layer thickness, infill density, and print bed temperature on mechanical properties is investigated by applying response surface methodology (RSM). Optimum printing parameters are identified for tensile and impact strength and an empirical relation has been formulated with response surface methodology (RSM). Furthermore, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the experimental results to determine the influence of the process parameters and their interactions. ANOVA results demonstrate that 44.7% infill density, 0.44 mm layer thickness, and 20C° printing temperatures are the optimum values of printing parameters owing to improved tensile and impact strength respectively. The experimental results were found in strong agreement with the predicted theoretical results.

scholarly journals Effects of High-Temperature Exposure on the Mechanical Properties of Kenaf Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabilah Afiqah Mohd Radzuan ◽  
Dulina Tholibon ◽  
Abu Bakar Sulong ◽  
Norhamidi Muhamad ◽  
Che Hassan Che Haron
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Automotive Parts ◽  
Kenaf Composites ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Kenaf Fibers

Automotive parts, including dashboards and trunk covers, are now fabricated through a compression-molding process in order to produce lightweight products and optimize fuel consumption. However, their mechanical strength is not compromised to avoid safety issues. Therefore, this study investigates kenaf-fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites using a simple combing approach to unidirectionally align kenaf fibers at 0°. The kenaf composite was found to withstand a maximal temperature of 120 °C. The tensile and flexural strengths of the aligned kenaf composites (50 and 90 MPa, respectively) were three times higher than those of the commercialized Product T (between 39 and 30.5 MPa, respectively) at a temperature range of 90 to 120 °C. These findings clearly showed that the mechanical properties of aligned kenaf fibers fabricated through the combing technique were able to withstand high operating temperatures (120 °C), and could be used as an alternative to other commercial natural-fiber products.

Prediction of mechanical properties of quaternary nanocomposites based on polypropylene using fuzzy logic

2020 ◽  
pp. 009524431989728
Author(s):  
Sajjad Daneshpayeh ◽  
Faramarz Ashenai Ghasemi ◽  
Shahnoosh Masoumi ◽  
Meysam Nouri Niyaraki
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Prediction Of Mechanical Properties ◽  
Different Levels

The goal of the present study is to investigate and predict the mechanical properties, including impact strength, elastic modulus, and elongation-at-break of quaternary nanocomposites based on polypropylene (PP)/ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM)/glass fiber (GL)/graphene nanosheets (GPn) by fuzzy logic. Three parameters in different levels, including EPDM, GL, and GPn, were chosen for combination with a PP matrix. The fuzzy logic surfaces showed that the EPDM rubber and GPn had the main role in the elastic modulus of nanocomposites. The high levels of EPDM content resulted in a considerable increase in impact strength and, generally, the presence of EPDM had no effect on elongation-at-break.

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