scholarly journals Exploratory Factor Analysis: A Guide to Best Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marley W. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Decision Point ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Better Than

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is a multivariate statistical method that has become a fundamental tool in the development and validation of psychological theories and measurements. However, researchers must make several thoughtful and evidence-based methodological decisions while conducting an EFA, and there are a number of options available at each decision point, some better than others. Reviews of the professional literature have consistently found that many applications of EFA are marked by an injudicious choice of methods and incomplete reports. This article provides a systematic, evidence-based guide to the conduct of EFA studies that can be followed by researchers with modest statistical training, supplemented with an example to illustrate its application.

scholarly journals Engaging Multidisciplinary Stakeholders to Drive Shared Decision-Making in Oncology

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Rocque ◽  
Ellen Miller-Sonnet ◽  
Alan Balch ◽  
Carrie Stricker ◽  
Josh Seidman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Oncology Practice ◽  
Development And Validation

Although recognized as best practice, regular integration of shared decision-making (SDM) approaches between patients and oncologists remains an elusive goal. It is clear that usable, feasible, and practical tools are needed to drive increased SDM in oncology. To address this goal, we convened a multidisciplinary collaborative inclusive of experts across the health-care delivery ecosystem to identify key principles in designing and testing processes to promote SDM in routine oncology practice. In this commentary, we describe 3 best practices for addressing challenges associated with implementing SDM that emerged from a multidisciplinary collaborative: (1) engagement of diverse stakeholders who have interest in SDM, (2) development and validation of an evidence-based SDM tool grounded within an established conceptual framework, and (3) development of the necessary roadmap and consideration of the infrastructure needed for engendering patient engagement in decision-making. We believe these 3 principles are critical to the success of creating SDM tools to be utilized both within and outside of clinical practice. We are optimistic that shared use across settings will support adoption of this tool and overcome barriers to implementing SDM within busy clinical workflows. Ultimately, we hope that this work will offer new perspectives on what is important to patients and provide an important impetus for leveraging patient preferences and values in decision-making.

Exploratory Factor Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Haig
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Methods ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Scientific Inference ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Common

Chapter 6 argues that exploratory factor analysis is an abductive method of theory generation that exploits a principle of scientific inference known as the principle of the common cause. Factor analysis is an important family of multivariate statistical methods that is widely used in the behavioral and social sciences. The best known model of factor analysis is common factor analysis, which has two types: exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. A number of methodological issues that arise in critical discussions of exploratory factor analysis are considered. It is suggested that exploratory factor analysis can be profitably employed in tandem with confirmatory factor analysis.

scholarly journals A Model Of The Underlying Philosophy And Criteria For Effective Implementation Of Performance Management

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Whitford ◽  
W. J. Coetsee
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Effective Implementation

The objective of this study was to develop a model that assists organisations in implementing performance management effectively. A model describing the philosophical paradigm underpinning best practice in performance management and the criteria for effective implementation of performance management was developed. The sample used in this study was a convenience sample of 615 employees. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three reliable philosophical dimensions. Moderate correlations were found between the three dimensions and some of the implementation criteria.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Scale for Interaction between Parents and Coaches of Middle and High School Golf Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9419
Author(s):  
Jae-Wook Hwang
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Conformity Index ◽  
Question Analysis ◽  
Construct Equivalence ◽  
Development And Validation

The purpose of this study was to develop a measurement tool for the interaction between parents and coaches of middle and high school golfers, and to verify its validity. A total of 563 parents participated in the study. Based on the results of preliminary item production, item analysis, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, identification factor analysis, job uniformity analysis, and potential mean comparison analysis, the initial 70 items were constructed according to the conceptualization of parent–coach interactions. The first and second item reduction processes and preliminary surveys were conducted through expert meetings to produce the final 40 items of parent–coach interactions. After eliminating 20 items through question analysis, reliability analysis, and exploratory factor analysis, the final three factors of parent–coach interaction were extracted, and the conformity index for the middle and high school golfers’ parent-to-coach interaction tool was checked. Then, to ensure the external validity of the developed parent–coach interaction measurement tool, a construct equivalence analysis was conducted to demonstrate that the tool can be applied equally to parents and coaches. In summary, the tools for measuring the interaction between the middle and high school golfers’ parents and coaches were developed in 20 questions, three factors for communication, qualification, and support, and it was confirmed that the developed measuring tools could all be applied equally through a latent mean analysis. Parents and coaches are key variables that can affect a player’s performance; thus parents and coaches’ interaction measuring tools can be provide positive information not only for golfers but also for players of various other sports.

scholarly journals Validation of subscales of the Severe Asthma Questionnaire (SAQ) using exploratory factor analysis (EFA)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Lanario ◽  
Michael Hyland ◽  
Andrew Menzies-Gow ◽  
Adel H Mansur ◽  
James W. Dodd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Hrqol Questionnaire ◽  
Oblimin Rotation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundThe Severe Asthma Questionnaire (SAQ) is a health related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaire validated for use in severe asthma. It is scored using the mean value of 16 items (SAQ score) in addition to a single item global rating of HRQoL (SAQ-global). The aim was to validate clinically relevant subscales using exploratory factor analysis (EFA).MethodsThe SAQ was completed, along with measures of asthma control and EQ5D-5L by patients attending six UK severe asthma centres. Clinical data were included in the analysis. EFA using principal axis factoring and oblimin rotation was used to achieve simple structure of data. Results460 patients with severe asthma participated, 65% women, mean age 51 (16-83) yrs. A three factor solution achieved best fit and showed that the SAQ items formed three distinct but inter-correlated groups of items where items were grouped in a way that was consistent with item content. The three subscales were differentially associated with clinically relevant variables (lung function and mood). Males and females interpreted the question of night disturbance in different ways.ConclusionsThis paper provides a template for best practice in the use of EFA when validating HRQoL subscales. The SAQ can be scored as three subscales with content reflecting three different constructs people with severe asthma use when making judgements about their lives. The subscale ‘My Life’ assesses the impact of severe asthma on different life activities, ‘My Mind’ assesses the perceived emotional impact and ‘My Body’ the impact of extra-pulmonary symptoms and side effects.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Black Community Activism Orientation Scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elan C. Hope ◽  
Kristen N. Pender ◽  
Kristen N. Riddick
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Black Community ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Community Activism ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Orientation Scale ◽  
Development And Validation

In this article, we describe the development and validation of a measure of orientation toward activism in and for the Black community—the Black Community Activism Orientation Scale (BCAOS)—in a sample of Black adolescents and emerging adults. An exploratory factor analysis ( n = 446) was conducted and the results were a 26-item measure with scores of three internally consistent factors: high-risk, low-risk, and formal political activism orientation. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted ( n = 447) and strong model fit estimates confirmed the factor structure of the exploratory factor analysis. Convergent validity was established through bivariate correlations of the BCAOS factors with social responsibility beliefs and nationalist ideology. In light of increased participation in sociopolitical movements in support of Black lives, the BCAOS can contribute to investigations of the psychology of adolescent and emerging adult activism in and for the Black community. We recommend additional scale development research to further contribute to this growing field.

scholarly journals Mathematics Graduate Student Instructor Observation Protocol (GSIOP): Development and Validation Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-212
Author(s):  
Kimberly Cervello Rogers ◽  
Robert Petrulis ◽  
Sean P. Yee ◽  
Jessica Deshler
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Student Engagement ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Graduate Student ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Scree Plot ◽  
Observation Protocol ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Student Instructor

AbstractThis paper presents the development and validation of the 17-item mathematics Graduate Student Instructor Observation Protocol (GSIOP) at two universities. The development of this instrument attended to some unique needs of novice undergraduate mathematics instructors while building on an existing instrument that focused on classroom interactions particularly relevant for students’ development of conceptual understanding, called the Mathematical Classroom Observation Protocol for Practices (MCOP2). Instrument validation involved content input from mathematics education researchers and upper-level mathematics graduate student instructors at two universities, internal consistency analysis, interrater reliability analysis, and structure analyses via scree plot analysis and exploratory factor analysis. A Cronbach-Alpha level of 0.868 illustrated a viable level for internal consistency. Crosstabulation and correlations illustrate high level of interrater reliability for all but one item, and high levels across all subsections. Collaborating a scree plot with the exploratory factor analysis illustrated three critical groupings aligning with the factors from the MCOP2 (student engagement and teacher facilitation) while adding a third factor, lesson design practices. Taken collectively, these results indicate that the GSIOP measures the degree to which instructors’ and students’ actions in undergraduate mathematics classrooms align with practices recommended by the Mathematical Association of America (MAA) using a three-factor structure of teacher facilitation, student engagement, and design practices.

scholarly journals Validation of Subscales of the Severe Asthma Questionnaire (SAQ) Using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Lanario ◽  
Michael Hyland ◽  
Andrew Menzies-Gow ◽  
Adel H Mansur ◽  
James W. Dodd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Hrqol Questionnaire ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Best Fit

Abstract BackgroundThe Severe Asthma Questionnaire (SAQ) is a health related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaire validated for use in severe asthma. It is scored using the mean value of 16 items (SAQ score) in addition to a single item global rating of HRQoL (SAQ-global). The aim was to validate clinically relevant subscales by following best practice guidelines of exploratory factor analysis (EFA).MethodsThe SAQ was completed, along with measures of asthma control and EQ5D-5L by patients attending six UK severe asthma centres. Clinical data were included in the analysis. EFA using principal axis factoring and promax rotation was used to achieve best fit to data. Results460 patients participated, 65% women, mean age 51 (16-83) yrs. A three factor solution achieved best fit and showed that the SAQ items formed three distinct but inter-correlated groups of items where items were grouped in a way that was consistent with item content. The three subscales were differentially associated with clinically relevant variables (lung function and mood). Males and females interpreted the question of night disturbance in different ways.ConclusionsThe 16 items of the SAQ can be scored as a single overall score or as three subscales with content reflecting three different constructs people with severe asthma use when making judgements about their lives. The subscale ‘My Life’ assesses the impact of severe asthma on different life activities, ‘My Mind’ assesses the perceived emotional impact and ‘My Body’ the impact of extra-pulmonary symptoms and side effects.

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