scholarly journals Relations between Offending, Injury and Illness

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Shepherd ◽  
David Farrington ◽  
John Potts
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
General Drug ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illnesses ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness ◽  
Low Iq ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Childhood Predictors

The objectives of this study were to determine relations between offending and health, and how illness and injury relate to concurrent offending—whether offending predicts health or vice versa, and whether relations persist after adjustment for childhood predictors of offending. Data collected in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development were analysed. This is a prospective longitudinal survey of 411 South London males first recruited at age 8. Information about injuries and illnesses between ages 16 and 18 was set against information on offending and other types of antisocial behaviour. Males who were injured (especially in assaults) tended to be convicted, to be violent, to have unskilled manual jobs and to be generally antisocial. Respiratory tract illnesses were negatively related to convictions and antisocial behaviour in general. Drug users were significantly likely to be ill. Adult convictions were predicted by childhood troublesome behaviour, daring/hyperactivity, low IQ/attainment, a convicted parent, family disruption/poor supervision and poverty. Assault injuries and respiratory tract illnesses did not predict adult convictions independently of these childhood factors. It was concluded that injury is one symptom of an antisocial personality that arises in childhood and persists into adulthood. Therefore, measures that lead to a reduction in offending should also lead to a reduction in concurrent injuries. Negative relations between a range of antisocial behaviours and respiratory tract illness deserve further study.

scholarly journals Streptococcal infections among children in a residential home: I. Introduction and definitions: the incidence of infection

1958 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret C. Holmes ◽  
R. E. O. Williams ◽  
C. V. Bloom ◽  
Ann Hirch ◽  
Ann Lermit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Residential Home ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Children's Home ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illnesses ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness ◽  
Discharge From Hospital

1. In a children's home with an average population of about 460 children aged from 0 to 15 years, 473 attacks of acute sore throat, 354 attacks of otitis and 314attacks of other acute febrile respiratory tract illness were recorded in the 30 months from November 1950 to April 1953.2. The attack rate for all forms of illness and at all ages was higher among children in a reception group, who were mostly recently arrived in the home, than it was in the permanent residents.3. Of all ifinesses with the principal signs or symptoms referable to the throat, the proportion that yieldedStreptococcus pyogenesrose from about 34 % in the 1–2-year- old children to about 74% in the children aged 10 years or more. Streptococcal sore throats made up about 8% and about 38 % of all febrile respiratory tract illnesses in the same two age groups.4. The attack rate for streptococcal sore throat varied from month to month between 0 and 6 5 % of the children at risk; only one period of substantially increased prevalence was observed and there was no indication of any seasonal trend. Non-streptococcal sore throat varied between FO and 20 % per month. It was not possible to recognize any epidemics of streptococcal otitis; non-strepto coccal otitis had a definite winter prevalence associated with the rise in the total of non-streptococcal respiratory disease.5. There was a slight indication that tonsillectomized children had rather milder attacks of sore throat than non-tonsifiectomized under the routine sulphamezathine treatment adopted. About 86 % of all children stifi harboured the causative streptococcus in their throat on discharge from hospital. The tonsifiectomized children lost their throat, but not their nose, streptococci in convalescence more rapidly that the non-tonsillectomized. Among throat carriers, the tonsifiectomized children carried streptococci in their nose more often than the non-tonsilectomjzed at all stages in their illness and convalescence.6. Bacteriological examination of excised tonsils did not often reveal the presence of streptococci that had been undetected in throat swabs. Twenty-one of twenty- two children who had had a streptococcal respiratory tract ifiness treated with suiphamezathine within the 3 months preceding their tonsifiectomy were found to harbour the same streptococcus in their tonsifiar tissue; only four of eighteen children whose illness had been treated with penicillin still harboured the streptococcus.Streptococcal infections in children. I 61

scholarly journals Successful Control of Human Parainfluenza Type 3 Outbreak in a Level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. s26-s27
Author(s):  
Bhagyashri Navalkele ◽  
Sheila Fletcher ◽  
Sanjosa Martin ◽  
Regina Galloway ◽  
April Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Symptom Screening ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illnesses ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
Type 3

Human parainfluenza (HPIV) is a common cause for upper respiratory tract illnesses (URTI) and lower respiratory tract illnesses (LRTI) in infants and young children. Here, we describe successful control of an HPIV type 3 (HPIV3) outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). NICU babies with new-onset clinical signs or symptoms of RTI and positive HPIV-3 nasopharyngeal specimen by respiratory pathogen panel (RPP) test on hospital day 14 or later were diagnosed with hospital-onset (HO) HPIV-3 infection. After 3 NICU babies were diagnosed with HO HPIV-3, an outbreak investigation was initiated on May 3, 2019, and continued for 2 incubation periods since the last identified case. Enhanced infection prevention measures were immediately implemented. All positive cases were placed in a cohort in a single pod of the NICU and were placed on contact precautions with droplet isolation precautions. Dedicated staffing and equipment were assigned. Environmental cleaning and disinfection with hospital-approved disinfectant wipes was performed daily. Visitors were restricted in the NICU. All employees entering the NICU underwent daily symptom screening for respiratory tract illness. All NICU babies were screened daily for respiratory tract illness with prompt isolation and RPP testing on positive screen. To determine the source of the HPIV3 outbreak, all HPIV3-positive specimens from the NICU and available temporally associated community-onset (CO) controls collected from non-NICU units were sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis. The first and last cases of HPIV-3 were diagnosed on May 1 and May 5, 2019, respectively. In total, 7 HO HPIV3 cases were reported: 1 in newborn nursery (NBN) and 6 in NICU. The case from the NBN was determined to be unrelated to the outbreak and the source was linked to a sick visitor. Of the 6 NICU babies, 5 had an LRTI and 1 had a URTI. Average time from admission to diagnosis was 71 days (range, 24–112). None had severe illnesses requiring intubation, and all had full recovery. No CO HPIV3 cases were reported from the NICU during the investigation. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of HPIV3 WGS (Figure 1) showed that sequences from the 6 HO cases clustered together separately from the 3 CO controls, suggesting a single source of transmission, and 3 CO cases were not related to the HO cases or source of the outbreak. Early diagnosis and isolation of respiratory tract viral infections is important to prevent an outbreak. Successful control of outbreak in NICU requires prompt implementation of infection prevention measures with focus on symptom screening, cohorting, and disinfection practices.Funding: NoDisclosures: None

Lower Airway Disorders

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-319
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Parental Smoking ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illnesses ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY RELATIONSHIP OF PARENTAL SMOKING TO WHEEZING AND NONWHEEZING LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT ILLNESSES IN INFANCY Wright AL, Holberg C. J Pediatr. 1991;118:207-214. Purpose of the Study This study was designed to establish the impact of parental smoking on lower respiratory tract illness. Study Population A large cohort of infants was followed up prospectively from birth. Methods Illnesses were diagnosed by physicians using the agreed-on criteria and parental smoking histories were obtained by questionnaire. Lower respiratory tract illnesses were differentiated into wheezing and nonwheezing episodes. The age of the first illness was determined in relationship to smoking by parents. Findings The odds of having a lower respiratory tract illness were significantly higher in children whose mothers smoked (odds ratio 1.52) and were higher if mother smoked a pack of cigarettes or more a day and if the child stayed at home rather than attending day care (odds ratio 2.8; confidence interval 1.43 to 5.5). Logistic regression indicated that the lower respiratory tract illness rate was significantly increased both in children exposed to heavy maternal smoke (greater than one pack per day) in the absence of day care. It was also elevated in those who used day care but were not exposed to maternal smoking of a pack or more per day. The relationship of maternal smoking to lower respiratory tract illness rate was evident for both wheezing and nonwheezing infants. Maternal smoking of a pack or more per day was also related to an early age onset of the first lower respiratory illness in both wheezing (P < .05) and nonwheezing (P < .002) illnesses.

Patients' Supportive Care Needs Beyond the End of Cancer Treatment: A Prospective, Longitudinal Survey

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (36) ◽  
pp. 6172-6179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Armes ◽  
Maggie Crowe ◽  
Lynne Colbourne ◽  
Helen Morgan ◽  
Trevor Murrells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Supportive Care Needs ◽  
Fear Of Recurrence ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Purpose To estimate prevalence and severity of patients' self-perceived supportive care needs in the immediate post-treatment phase and identify predictors of unmet need. Patients and Methods A multicenter, prospective, longitudinal survey was conducted. Sixty-six centers recruited patients for 12 weeks. Patients receiving treatment for the following cancers were recruited: breast, prostate, colorectal, and gynecologic cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Measures of supportive care needs, anxiety and depression, fear of recurrence, and positive and negative affect were completed at the end of treatment (T0) and 6 months later (T1). Results Of 1,850 patients given questionnaire packs, 1,425 (79%) returned questionnaires at T0, and 1,152 (62%) returned questionnaires at T1. Mean age was 61 years; and most respondents were female (69%) and had breast cancer (57%). Most patients had no or few moderate or severe unmet supportive care needs. However, 30% reported more than five unmet needs at baseline, and for 60% of these patients, the situation did not improve. At both assessments, the most frequently endorsed unmet needs were psychological needs and fear of recurrence. Logistic regression revealed several statistically significant predictors of unmet need, including receipt of hormone treatment, negative affect, and experiencing an unrelated significant event between assessments. Conclusion Most patients do not express unmet needs for supportive care after treatment. Thirty percent reported more than five moderate or severe unmet needs at both assessments. Unmet needs were predicted by hormone treatment, negative mood, and experiencing a significant event. Our results suggest that there is a proportion of survivors with unmet needs who might benefit from the targeted application of psychosocial resources.

scholarly journals In SilicoApproach towards Designing Virtual Oligopeptides for HRSV

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Jain ◽  
Shanmughavel Piramanayagam
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Rational Choices ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Infants And Young Children

HRSV (human respiratory syncytial virus) is a serious cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children. Designing inhibitors from the proteins involved in virus replication and infection process provides target for new therapeutic treatments. In the present study,in silicodocking was performed using motavizumab as a template to design motavizumab derived oligopeptides for developing novel anti-HRSV agents. Additional simulations were conducted to study the conformational propensities of the oligopeptides and confirmed the hypothesis that the designed oligopeptide is highly flexible and capable of assuming stable confirmation. Our study demonstrated the best specific interaction of GEKKLVEAPKS oligopeptide for glycoprotein strain A among various screened oligopeptides. Encouraged by the results, we expect that the proposed scheme will provide rational choices for antibody reengineering which is useful for systematically identifying the possible ways to improve efficacy of existing antibody drugs.

Day-Care Center Attendance and Hospitalization for Lower Respiratory Tract Illness

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-308
Author(s):  
Larry J. Anderson ◽  
Robert A. Parker ◽  
Raymond A. Strikas ◽  
Jeffrey A. Farrar ◽  
Eugene J. Gangarosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Day Care Center ◽  
Respiratory Tract Illness ◽  
Syncytial Virus

To identify risk factors associated with hospitalization for acute lower respiratory tract illness, 102 children <2 years of age admitted to four Atlanta metropolitan area hospitals between December 1984 and June 1985 with the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract illness were studied. The most common causative agent associated with illness was respiratory syncytial virus, followed by other respiratory viruses, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The 102 case-patients were compared with 199 age- and sex-matched controls. A parent or guardian for each patient and control was interviewed by telephone regarding demographic data, care outside the home, breast-feeding, previous medical history, allergies, and smoking and illness in household members. Five factors were associated with lower respiratory tract illness in both a univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression model (P < .05). These factors were the number of people sleeping in the same room with the child, a lack of immunization the month before the patient was hospitalized, prematurity, a history of allergy, and regular attendance in a day-care center (more than six children in attendance). Care received outside of the home in a day-care home (less than or equal to six children in attendance) was not associated with lower respiratory tract illness. The suggestion made by our study and other studies was that for children <2 years of age, care outside of the home is an important risk factor for acquiring lower respiratory tract illness, as well as other infectious diseases, and that this risk can be reduced by using a day-care home instead of a day-care center.

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