“I Don't See it so it Must be to my Left:” Rehabilitation of Visuospatially Impaired Adults

1987 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
B. Wouters
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

Patients who are visually impaired because of brain damage often show a visuospatial syndrome characterized by disturbances of spatial orientation and determined behavior. The lesion may be located in the frontal cortex or in the right parietal cortex of the brain; recent research shows that the determination of spatial behavior is impaired. Emphasis in the rehabilitation of these patients should be shifted from perceptual to performance orientation. It is essential for the individual to gain insight into his or her specific impairment and for the professional to work cooperatively using the patient's own strategies.

Effects of the SNAP25 on Integration Ability of Brain Functions in Children With ADHD

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705472096456
Author(s):  
Yue Yang ◽  
Gang Peng ◽  
Hongwu Zeng ◽  
Diangang Fang ◽  
Linlin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Window Method ◽  
Central Gyrus ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

Objective: The present study aimed to examine the effects of SNAP25 on the integration ability of intrinsic brain functions in children with ADHD, and whether the integration ability was associated with working memory (WM). Methods: A sliding time window method was used to calculate the spatial and temporal concordance among five rs-fMRI regional indices in 55 children with ADHD and 20 healthy controls. Results: The SNAP25 exhibited significant interaction effects with ADHD diagnosis on the voxel-wise concordance in the right posterior central gyrus, fusiform gyrus and lingual gyrus. Specifically, for children with ADHD, G-carriers showed increased voxel-wise concordance in comparison to TT homozygotes in the right precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus. The voxel-wise concordance was also found to be related to WM. Conclusion: Our findings provided a new insight into the neural mechanisms of the brain function of ADHD children.

scholarly journals Average dimensions of the vessels at the base of the brain and the embryological basis of its variations

2013 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 180-189
Author(s):  
Iqbal S.
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Part ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Cerebral Dominance ◽  
Circle Of Willis ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Ischemic Attack ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background and aims: The cerebral circulation is constantly maintained by the anastomotic circle of Willis which is often anomalous in more than 50% of the normal adult brains. These anomalies increase the risk of the stroke and transient ischemic attack in older patients. Adequate blood flow through the circle of Willis is often necessary to prevent these ischemic infarctions. The anomalies of cerebral vessels are directly related to the differential growth of various parts of the brain. A detailed knowledge of the individual measurements of the cerebral arteries is useful to neurosurgeon in planning the shunt operations and in the choice of their patients. The present study is aimed to analyze the average dimensions of the vessels at the base of brain and an attempt to explain the common form of variations in terms of embryological development. Materials and methods: Fifty adult cadaveric brains were obtained from routine cadaveric dissections. The base of the brain with the circle of Willis was fixed in 10% formalin and preserved. The circle was analyzed for variations in the size, length and number of the component vessels and any asymmetry in the configuration. The dimensions of the vessels forming the circle were measured using graduated calipers. The observations were recorded and tabulated. Results: Asymmetry was observed in 10% to 36% of the circles in this study. Anomalies were more common in the posterior than in the anterior part of the circle. The posterior anomalies included hypoplastic vessels, absent vessels and embryonic derivation while anterior anomalies were predominantly of accessory vessels. Middle cerebral artery exhibited the least variations. In majority of the circles, left sided vessels were larger in diameter than the right. Conclusions: Variations are more common in the posterior than in the anterior part of the circle and on the right than on the left side of the brain. There was no correlation between the variations of circle of Willis of the right side and the left cerebral dominance. There seems to be no difference between races, concerning the anatomic variations of the brain circulation.

scholarly journals Multi-Hops Functional Connectivity Improves Individual Prediction of Fusiform Face Activation via a Graph Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongya Wu ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Jun Feng
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Face Area ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Brain connectivity plays an important role in determining the brain region’s function. Previous researchers proposed that the brain region’s function is characterized by that region’s input and output connectivity profiles. Following this proposal, numerous studies have investigated the relationship between connectivity and function. However, this proposal only utilizes direct connectivity profiles and thus is deficient in explaining individual differences in the brain region’s function. To overcome this problem, we proposed that a brain region’s function is characterized by that region’s multi-hops connectivity profile. To test this proposal, we used multi-hops functional connectivity to predict the individual face activation of the right fusiform face area (rFFA) via a multi-layer graph neural network and showed that the prediction performance is essentially improved. Results also indicated that the two-layer graph neural network is the best in characterizing rFFA’s face activation and revealed a hierarchical network for the face processing of rFFA.

scholarly journals Academic Excellence through Multi-Sensory Approach: A Model for Classroom Teaching

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
Gururaj Itagi ◽  
Laveena D’Mello
Keyword(s):  
Learning Style ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Classroom Teaching ◽  
Academic Excellence ◽  
Teaching Process ◽  
Individual Learner ◽  
Scholastic Backwardness ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Human senses are natural contributions which transform the information to the brain for further processing to understand what is being presented to an individual through sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste. Senses will also determine the understanding of the different concept being presented and recall those contents or information for the right situation for the right action. To help the individual learner, teachers in various educational institutions should understand and apply the Multi-Sensory Approach in presenting their teaching contents in a classroom teaching to reach out the uniqueness of the individual learner’s learning style and bring the best academic excellence. With the main aim of helping learners with their unique learning style, the “Itagi’s Model of Multi-Sensory Approach” is been developed by Gururaj Itagi. Highlighting various methods, strategies and techniques in teaching process focussing on individual learning style to maximize student’s academic excellence. This model is framed based on the different learning style of students. This framework considers integrated phases of teaching such as auditory, visual and kinaesthetic approach. The model focuses on Adolescence (aged 12-18 years) mainly on students with scholastic backwardness.

Sustainability Governance in Democracies

2015 ◽  
pp. 270-293
Author(s):  
Doris Wydra ◽  
Helga Pülzl
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The pursuit of sustainable development requires a political system that secures effective citizen participation in decision-making, an economic system that is able to generate surpluses on a sustained basis and a social system providing for a solution to tensions arising from disharmonious development; it recognizes also the rights of the individual to adequate conditions of life through balancing environmental, economic and social norms. Although international law is neutral towards different forms of government, increasingly democracy is regarded as the only form of government truly reflecting the “consent of the governed” and therefore being in accordance with the right of the self-determination of people and thus the basis for the realization of human rights. But the theoretical and practical linkage between democracy and sustainable development is still weak. Although there is a burgeoning literature on democratic mechanisms and sustainability, democracy is not regarded as prerequisite for sustainability. The authors argue in this paper that although sustainable development seemingly does not need democratic forms of governance as the values attached to SD could also be implemented in a non-democratic system, research on democracy, human rights and sustainable norms need to be better linked to each other in order to be able to implement the political requirements simultaneously. The authors propose an integrated approach that respects the ideas of sustainable development, as well as human rights and democratic forms of governance. Thus, the authors present different systems of democratic governance, sustainable development indicators systems as well as human rights systems. From there the authors develop ideal-type models that represent those ideas and develop an integrated approach to a democratic sustainable development system in accordance with human rights.

Determinism, neuroscience and responsibility

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Grant
Keyword(s):  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Taking Responsibility ◽  
Scientific Advances ◽  
External Environments

Fears that new scientific advances on the mind and the brain which establish that behaviour is determined by causes in one’s mind/brain and/or various past and present internal and external environments will undermine the attribution of legal responsibility are misplaced. Taking responsibility to inhere where conduct reflects upon an individual and where, properly understood, the individual could have done otherwise, determinism, operating in the right sort of way, should be embraced as a condition for responsibility.

scholarly journals Multisensory contribution in visuospatial orientation: an interaction between neck and trunk proprioception

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason McCarthy ◽  
Patricia Castro ◽  
Rachael Cottier ◽  
Joseph Buttell ◽  
Qadeer Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Body Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Visual Inputs ◽  
Visual Vertical ◽  
The Right ◽  
Trunk Position ◽  
The Brain

AbstractA coherent perception of spatial orientation is key in maintaining postural control. To achieve this the brain must access sensory inputs encoding both the body and the head position and integrate them with incoming visual information. Here we isolated the contribution of proprioception to verticality perception and further investigated whether changing the body position without moving the head can modulate visual dependence—the extent to which an individual relies on visual cues for spatial orientation. Spatial orientation was measured in ten healthy individuals [6 female; 25–47 years (SD 7.8 years)] using a virtual reality based subjective visual vertical (SVV) task. Individuals aligned an arrow to their perceived gravitational vertical, initially against a static black background (10 trials), and then in other conditions with clockwise and counterclockwise background rotations (each 10 trials). In all conditions, subjects were seated first in the upright position, then with trunk tilted 20° to the right, followed by 20° to the left while the head was always aligned vertically. The SVV error was modulated by the trunk position, and it was greater when the trunk was tilted to the left compared to right or upright trunk positions (p < 0.001). Likewise, background rotation had an effect on SVV errors as these were greater with counterclockwise visual rotation compared to static background and clockwise roll motion (p < 0.001). Our results show that the interaction between neck and trunk proprioception can modulate how visual inputs affect spatial orientation.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic efficiency evaluation of a low pressure turbo expander cryogenic cycle based on exergy analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3 Part B) ◽  
pp. 2097-2106
Author(s):  
Chowdhury Roy ◽  
Nathuram Chakraborty ◽  
Swapan Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Work Requirement ◽  
Turbo Expander ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

Thermodynamic analysis, using the exergy or entropy methods, is usually carried out for better insight into the physical meaning of the losses encountered in a cryogenic plant. From the results of such analysis, it is possible to evaluate the individual efficiencies of the various processes and to identify those calling for an improvement. It is also possible to determine thermodynamic efficiency of the cycle as a whole. The technique involves determination of entropy changes or exergetic losses in each of the processes making up the cycle. Based on the exergy analysis, it has been possible to evaluate specific work requirement, overall thermodynamic efficiency, Specific cooling capacity, work requirement per kg of liquid nitrogen product and coefficient of performance of the turbo expander cryogenic cycle using hydrogen and helium as the refrigerant.

scholarly journals Czy Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej wymusza na ustawodawcy ustawową regulację struktury organizacyjnej i właściwości sądów powszechnych?

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-135
Author(s):  
Bogusław Banaszak
Keyword(s):  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Constitutional Tribunal ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Function ◽  
Statutory Regulation

The Constitution of the Republic of Poland does not define in a comprehensive manner the matter to be standardized in laws and grants the legislator considerable freedom in determining their content. In view of the subject matter of this opinion, based on views founded on the doctrine of Polish constitutional law and on the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal and the Supreme Court, it can be concluded that the legislator should regulate by law, among other matters, the following matters reserved for statutory regulation (the principle of exclusivity of the act): regulations concerning citizenship and the rights, freedoms and duties of the individual, as well as the basic competences, principles of how public authorities are organised and function. On the basis of this assumption, it was examined whether there is any indication to the legislator from the constitutional norms relevant to the judicial authority. The following were taken into account: the right to a fair trial (Article 45), the principle of the separateness and independence of the judiciary (Article 173), the principle of bi-instantiality of court proceedings and the principle of statutory determination of the system and jurisdiction of courts (Article 176), the principle of the presumption of competence being assigned to common courts (Article 177), and the principle of the non-removability and non-transferability of judges (Article 180). On the basis of an analysis of these constitutional norms, it was concluded that the Constitution of the Republic of Poland enforces statutory regulation of the organisational structure and the material, local and appeal jurisdiction of common courts, and only allows for entrusting specific matters to be regulated by executive bodies by means of a regulation. In the event of any doubts as to whether a given case should be classified into the category of specific matters, the principle of exclusivity of the Act applies.

Sustainability Governance in Democracies

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-107
Author(s):  
Doris Wydra ◽  
Helga Pülzl
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The pursuit of sustainable development requires a political system that secures effective citizen participation in decision-making, an economic system that is able to generate surpluses on a sustained basis and a social system providing for a solution to tensions arising from disharmonious development; it recognizes also the rights of the individual to adequate conditions of life through balancing environmental, economic and social norms. Although international law is neutral towards different forms of government, increasingly democracy is regarded as the only form of government truly reflecting the “consent of the governed” and therefore being in accordance with the right of the self-determination of people and thus the basis for the realization of human rights. But the theoretical and practical linkage between democracy and sustainable development is still weak. Although there is a burgeoning literature on democratic mechanisms and sustainability, democracy is not regarded as prerequisite for sustainability. The authors argue in this paper that although sustainable development seemingly does not need democratic forms of governance as the values attached to SD could also be implemented in a non-democratic system, research on democracy, human rights and sustainable norms need to be better linked to each other in order to be able to implement the political requirements simultaneously. The authors propose an integrated approach that respects the ideas of sustainable development, as well as human rights and democratic forms of governance. Thus, the authors present different systems of democratic governance, sustainable development indicators systems as well as human rights systems. From there the authors develop ideal-type models that represent those ideas and develop an integrated approach to a democratic sustainable development system in accordance with human rights.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document