Men's Health, Low Testosterone, and Diabetes Individualized

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 97S-112S ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Rice ◽  
Robert E. Brannigan ◽  
R. Keith Campbell ◽  
Shari Fine ◽  
Leonard Jack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Men’S Health ◽  
Men's Health ◽  
Testosterone Therapy ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Low Testosterone

Testosterone plays a critical role in male reproductive and metabolic functioning. Serum testosterone levels decrease with age, and low testosterone is associated with a variety of comorbidities, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Men with type 2 diabetes have been shown to have significantly lower testosterone levels than men without diabetes. Several forms of testosterone replacement therapy (eg, oral, injectable, buccal, transdermal preparations) are available for use in the United States. The primary goals of testosterone therapy are to restore physiologic testosterone levels and reduce the symptoms of hypogonadism. Testosterone therapy may be a viable option in some men with diabetes and low testosterone; however, clinicians must be aware of contraindications to therapy (eg, prostate cancer and male breast cancer), implement appropriate monitoring procedures, and ensure that patient expectations are realistic regarding treatment outcome. Data suggest that testosterone therapy may have a positive effect on bones, muscles, erythropoiesis and anemia, libido, mood and cognition, penile erection, cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, and quality of life. Sexual health may be a window into men's health; thus, more effective communication strategies are needed between clinicians and men with diabetes to ensure that sexual health topics are adequately addressed. Diabetes educators can play a key role in screening for low testosterone, providing relevant information to patients, and increasing clinician awareness of the need to address men's sexual health and implement appropriate strategies. Multidisciplinary care and individualized treatment are needed to optimize outcome.

scholarly journals Low Testosterone Levels Are Common and Associated with Insulin Resistance in Men with Diabetes

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 1834-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathis Grossmann ◽  
Merlin C. Thomas ◽  
Sianna Panagiotopoulos ◽  
Ken Sharpe ◽  
Richard J. MacIsaac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Testosterone Deficiency ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Low Testosterone

Abstract Context: Low testosterone levels are common in men with type 2 diabetes and may be associated with insulin resistance. Objective: We investigated prevalence of testosterone deficiency and the relationship between testosterone and insulin resistance in a large cohort of men with type 2 and type 1 diabetes. Design: The study was a cross-sectional survey of 580 men with type 2 diabetes and 69 men with type 1 diabetes. A subgroup of 262 men with type 2 diabetes was then reassessed after a median of 6 months. Results: Forty-three percent of men with type 2 diabetes had a reduced total testosterone, and 57% had a reduced calculated free testosterone. Only 7% of men with type 1 diabetes had low total testosterone. By contrast, 20.3% of men with type 1 diabetes had low calculated free testosterone, similar to that observed in type 2 diabetes (age-body mass index adjusted odds ratio = 1.4; 95% confidence interval = 0.7–2.9). Low testosterone levels were independently associated with insulin resistance in men with type 1 diabetes as well as type 2 diabetes. Serial measurements also revealed an inverse relationship between changes in testosterone levels and insulin resistance. Conclusions: Testosterone deficiency is common in men with diabetes, regardless of the type. Testosterone levels are partly influenced by insulin resistance, which may represent an important avenue for intervention, whereas the utility of testosterone replacement remains to be established in prospective trials.

The Scientific Case against Prescribing Insulin for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
John F Burd
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are related worldwide epidemics which could be erased with the help of governments and medical communities using tools that are readily available today. Prevailing diet recommendations, which are clearly wrong, are a significant cause of both obesity and type 2 diabetes and have led to the current dire situation. According to the CDC, in the United States alone there are currently 34.2 million people with diabetes of which 30 million have type 2 diabetes. In addition, 88 million Americans have prediabetes (defined as an A1c above 5.7%) which will almost certainly progress to type 2 diabetes if not treated and reversed. The cause of insulin resistance, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes is “glucose toxicity” as explained below, and understanding this medical term is paramount to the case against using insulin for type 2 diabetes. Glucose reacts with all the proteins in the body leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Unfortunately, nearly 20% of adults with type 2 diabetes are prescribed insulin injections often in conjunction with oral pharmaceutical medications. Because people with with type 2 diabetes have insulin resistance, prescribing insulin is a very bad idea, since they will need an ever-increasing dosage of insulin as time passes, leading to a lifetime of insulin injections. There is only one product, Lysulin (www.lysulin.com), that targets the cause of insulin resistance and has been proven in double blind, placebo controlled clinical studies to improve insulin resistance and better cell function. The recommend initial treatment for type 2 diabetes should be moderate exercise, intermittent fasting, a low calorie, low carbohydrate ketrogenic diet combined with Lysulin before instituting insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes. By adhering to a ketogenic diet that includes moderate exercise, intermittent fasting and nutritional supplementation with Lysulin, diabetes can be halted and quite possibly reversed. Lysulin is a patented nutritional supplement that contains lysine, zinc, and vitamin C [1]. Double-blind placebo-controlled clinical studies have shown the effectiveness of this nutritional supplement [2, 3].

scholarly journals Testosterone deficiency is associated with increased risk of mortality and testosterone replacement improves survival in men with type 2 diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 169 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vakkat Muraleedharan ◽  
Hazel Marsh ◽  
Dheeraj Kapoor ◽  
Kevin S Channer ◽  
T Hugh Jones
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Testosterone Replacement ◽  
Testosterone Deficiency ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Low Testosterone

ObjectiveMen with type 2 diabetes are known to have a high prevalence of testosterone deficiency. No long-term data are available regarding testosterone and mortality in men with type 2 diabetes or any effect of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). We report a 6-year follow-up study to examine the effect of baseline testosterone and TRT on all-cause mortality in men with type 2 diabetes and low testosterone.Research design and methodsA total of 581 men with type 2 diabetes who had testosterone levels performed between 2002 and 2005 were followed up for a mean period of 5.8±1.3 s.d. years. Mortality rates were compared between total testosterone >10.4 nmol/l (300 ng/dl; n=343) and testosterone ≤10.4 nmol/l (n=238). The effect of TRT (as per normal clinical practise: 85.9% testosterone gel and 14.1% intramuscular testosterone undecanoate) was assessed retrospectively within the low testosterone group.ResultsMortality was increased in the low testosterone group (17.2%) compared with the normal testosterone group (9%; P=0.003) when controlled for covariates. In the Cox regression model, multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for decreased survival was 2.02 (P=0.009, 95% CI 1.2–3.4). TRT (mean duration 41.6±20.7 months; n=64) was associated with a reduced mortality of 8.4% compared with 19.2% (P=0.002) in the untreated group (n=174). The multivariate-adjusted HR for decreased survival in the untreated group was 2.3 (95% CI 1.3–3.9, P=0.004).ConclusionsLow testosterone levels predict an increase in all-cause mortality during long-term follow-up. Testosterone replacement may improve survival in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Discussing A Complex Relationship

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelos K. Sikalidis ◽  
Adeline Maykish
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
The United States ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Fat Diets

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease that affects over 9% of the United States population and is closely linked to obesity. While obesity was once thought to stem from a sedentary lifestyle and diets high in fat, recent evidence supports the idea that there is more complexity pertinent to the issue. The human gut microbiome has recently been the focus in terms of influencing disease onset. Evidence has shown that the microbiome may be more closely related to T2DM than what was originally thought. High fat diets typically result in poor microbiome heath, which then shifts the gut into a state of dysbiosis. Dysbiosis can then lead to metabolic deregulation, including increased insulin resistance and inflammation, two key factors in the development of T2DM. The purpose of this review is to discuss how microbiome relates to T2DM onset, especially considering obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation.

scholarly journals Hip Circumference and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men and Women: The Shanghai Women and Shanghai Men’s Health Studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baqiyyah Conway ◽  
Yong-Bing Xiang ◽  
Raquel Villegas ◽  
Xianglan Zhang ◽  
Honglan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Men’S Health ◽  
Men's Health ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Health Studies

Age-Related Androgen Deficiency and Type 2 Diabetes

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina J. Ryan ◽  
Lynetta J. Jobe
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Know How ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Low Testosterone

There is a higher prevalence of low testosterone levels in males with type 2 diabetes compared to those without. Additionally, there is evidence that low testosterone levels may predict the development of type 2 diabetes. Symptoms of hypogonadism include decreased libido, decreased bone mineral density (BMD), and decreased lean muscle mass. The majority of the published cases in men with diabetes were attributed to age-related idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. This paper reviews the link between type 2 diabetes and age-related hypogonadism and the treatment options for hypogonadism. Pharmacists who provide care for males with diabetes should be aware of the increased incidence of hypogonadism, know how to screen for it, and be able to recommend appropriate therapy.

scholarly journals Men's health in type 2 diabetes. Focus on metabolic and antioxidant properties of testosterone

2016 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
А. S. Ametov ◽  
L. L. Kamynina ◽  
O. A. Rozhdestvenskaya ◽  
E. Y. Pashkova
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Men’S Health ◽  
Men's Health

scholarly journals Treatments used in menopausal women susceptible to dyslipidemia and diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
A. Veloso ◽  
E. Gama ◽  
L. Maifrino
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pancreatic Diseases ◽  
Pancreatic Cells ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Menopausal Women

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of types of treatment most used in menopausal women with dyslipidemia and susceptible to insulin resistance. Material and Methods: In the period between 2006 and 2016, articles of the PubMed database were evaluated using the keywords: pancreas, menopause, dyslipidemia and treatment. The following parameters were evaluated: title, year of publication, author, country of origin, studied model (human or animal), types of analysis (biometric, biochemical, physiological, morphological and immunohistochemical). Results: Of 530 articles investigated, 11 were evaluated, among which 45% used physical exercise as a treatment, 37% used the pharmacological treatment and 18% used diet. As for the year and country where the study was performed, 73% of the articles were published in the last six years (2011-2016), and 73% were published in the United States. In 27.3% of the articles were used animal models, and 72.7% used human models. The most employed analysis in the studies was the biochemical, and the least used (5%) was the morphological. Conclusion: Although physical exercise was the most common treatment in this study, the other treatments (diet and drugs) are of paramount importance to prevent pancreatic diseases and the development of type 2 diabetes, which certainly trigger a clinical picture of dyslipidemia, resulting in the irreversible deterioration of pancreatic cells.

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